CN111778210A - 一种增强nk细胞对肿瘤细胞靶向杀伤力的培养方法 - Google Patents
一种增强nk细胞对肿瘤细胞靶向杀伤力的培养方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种增强NK细胞对肿瘤细胞靶向杀伤力的培养方法。本发明通过制备透明质酸包埋的负载有细胞因子的介孔硅材料,并进一步吸附人工合成双特异性核酸适体,并利用其暴露的核酸适体,将材料标记在NK细胞表面,当其回输入肿瘤模型中,其肿瘤微酸性环境会导致双特异性核酸适体释放,同时,间质中的透明质酸酶可进一步降解介孔硅表面的透明质酸而释放内部的细胞因子,进而原位扩增肿瘤组织内浸润的NK细胞,并利用双特异性核酸适体提高对肝癌的靶向杀伤作用,其具有良好的临床转化潜力。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种增强NK细胞对肿瘤细胞靶向杀伤力的培养方法。
(二)背景技术
肝细胞癌(Hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其死亡率占我国恶性肿瘤死因的第二位。近年来,我国肝癌的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,累积发病率达26~32例/10万人。目前,手术治疗与放、化疗、介入治疗是肝癌的主要治疗策略,但其预后差,远期疗效不理想。其中,仅有20%~30%的肝癌患者具有手术指征,其5年复发率仍高达60%;此外,70%~80%的患者就诊时已中晚期,只能接受放、化疗或者介入治疗,甚至是姑息性疗法,严重影响肝癌的患者生存期。
随着肿瘤免疫学的深入研究及临床上过继性免疫细胞治疗方法的应用,肿瘤的过继性免疫细胞治疗已成为继手术治疗、放化疗之后的另一种常规治疗方式。肿瘤的过继性免疫细胞治疗是指通过提取患者自身的外周血中的免疫细胞(如自然杀伤性细胞,NK细胞),经体外诱导、激活及扩增,再将其回输肿瘤患者的治疗方式,可有效抑制肿瘤生长及转移等优势。基于免疫细胞的过继性免疫治疗(adoptive immunotherapy)研究,已成为现今临床免疫治疗热点领域。其中,基于T淋巴细胞和NK细胞的免疫疗法已受到业界普遍关注,并投入巨大的人力、物力用于其开发与临床应用研究。包括中国在内的多个国家的不同临床研究机构开展了多个有基于NK细胞的免疫治疗临床试验,将NK细胞进行基因工程修饰,使得NK细胞具备对肿瘤的靶向识别和杀伤能力。同时,进一步产生免疫调节性细胞因子,用以提高人体对癌症及病毒的防御抵抗力。目前,位于美国洛杉矶的NantKwest公司开发的针对默克尔细胞癌的活化NK细胞疗法,刚被美国FDA授予孤儿药。但是,NK细胞的回输后,其到达肿瘤部位的NK细胞数量较少并受肿瘤微环境影响,导致NK细胞的肿瘤细胞杀伤效应受限,仍是NK细胞治疗策略面临的挑战。
近年来,基于纳米生物医学及生物化学等交叉领域的发展,纳米生物医学已广泛应用于临床前基础研究领域,并显示出较为广阔的临床应用潜力。其中,介孔硅材料因其生物相容性良好,易表面修饰,介孔大小可调等优势,可负载小分子及蛋白类药物而具有广泛的临床应用价值。为提高 NK细胞对肿瘤组织的富集效率,其中特异性抗体具有良好的肿瘤细胞靶向作用,但由于抗体生产成本高,批次质量差异明显,热稳定差,分子量大且具有一定的免疫源性。相比之下,基于SELEX技术即指数富集的配体系统进化技术而筛选出的可识别肿瘤细胞或表面特异性受体的核酸适体(Aptamer),具备分子量小、易合成及功能修饰、结构多样性可囊括所有肿瘤标志物类型、亲和力高、特异性强,制备工艺简单且无免疫源性等特点。
(三)发明内容
针对以上不足,本发明提供一种增强NK细胞对肿瘤细胞靶向杀伤力的培养方法。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种增强NK细胞对肿瘤细胞靶向杀伤力的培养方法,所述方法包括:
(1)纳米材料制备:将介孔二氧化硅负载细胞因子后用透明质酸封闭孔道,再吸附CD16/TLS11a双特异性核酸适配体,得到双特异性核酸适体修饰的纳米材料;
所述CD16/TLS11a双特异性核酸适配体由Apt-CD16和TLS11a两条脱氧核酸链构成;
Apt-CD16的序列如下:
5’-GG CCA TGT GTA TGT GGG CCA CTG CGG GGG TCT ATA CGT GAG GAA GAA GTGGGC AGG TCC CCA CAT ACT TTG TTG ATC CTA CCG TCG TT-3’;
TLS11a的序列如下:
5’-CGA CGG TA GGA TCA ATC ATG GCC AGC ATC CCC ATG TGA ACA ATC GCA TTGTGA TTG TTA CGG TTT CCG CCT CAT GGA CGT GCT G-3’;
TLS11a核酸适配体能够有效靶向识别肝癌细胞系(HepG2),而CD16 核酸适配体,能够特异性识别NK细胞表面的CD16分子,并活化NK细胞,从而提高NK的免疫治疗效果;
(2)NK细胞激活:PBMC细胞重悬于NK细胞激活培养基中,加入辐射的工程化IL-21K562细胞共培养,培养过程中每天根据细胞数量添加培养液和细胞因子,培养12~14天收集获得激活的NK 细胞;所述NK细胞激活培养基组成如下:庆大霉素10~200 IU/mL,重组人IL-2 50~1000IU/mL,自体血浆1%~5%,溶剂为 KBM581无血清培养基;
(3)共培养:将激活的NK细胞与双特异性核酸适体修饰的纳米材料共培养30~60min。
本发明通过体外激活的NK细胞,将NK细胞与携带有细胞因子及双特异性核酸适体的介孔硅材料共培养,通过CD16适体与NK细胞表面的 CD16受体结合,成功构建肿瘤组织特异性扩增NK细胞,该NK细胞具有对肿瘤酸性敏感下释放双特异性适体用于提高NK细胞对肝癌细胞的靶向作用。同时,肿瘤组织间隙过量的透明质酸酶,可降解介孔硅表面的透明质酸,而释放出负载的细胞因子,从而特异性的扩增肿瘤组织浸润的 NK细胞,提高对肝癌靶向过继性免疫治疗作用,具有良好的临床应用价值。
所述细胞因子为下列之一:重组人白细胞介素2、重组人白细胞介素 7、重组人白细胞介素12、重组人白细胞介素15、重组人白细胞介素21,优选为重组人白细胞介素21。
具体的,步骤(1)所述双特异性核酸适配体按如下方法制得:将 Apt-CD16与TLS11a以1:1物质的量之比混合,在95℃加热反应5min 后,缓慢降至室温,置于4℃冰箱过夜,得到所述双特异性核酸适配体。
所述步骤(1)方法如下:将介孔硅材料离心去除上清,加入0.1~1 mg/mL的细胞因子,室温搅拌30min后,离心去除上清,加入2~5倍质量的透明质酸反应1h,得到介孔复合物;将双特异性核酸适体与所得介孔复合物共培养12h(每0.1mg介孔硅材料需要添加约0.2μmol的双特异性核酸适体)的,离心去除上清,得到双特异性核酸适体修饰的纳米材料。
步骤(2)所述PBMC细胞按如下方法获得:将全血与生理盐水等体积混合,将混合液缓慢加入到Ficoll上层且不破坏液层界面,解除离心机的加速和刹车机制,800G离心20min,收集中间层云雾状的PBMC细胞。
具体的,步骤(2)方法如下:
采集健康人的外周血液,采用等密度梯度离心法提取PBMC细胞,调节PBMC细胞密度为1~3×106个/mL,与辐射的工程化IL-21K562细胞在NK细胞激活培养基中共培养;将NK细胞培养温度维持在37℃, 5%CO2培养箱中培养,在第3天离心收集细胞,并补充新鲜的培养基及相关细胞因子,此后每天补充培养液及相应的细胞因子,补充的培养液体积不超过原体积一倍;NK细胞培养至第7天,重新调整NK细胞密度为 0.5~1.5×106个/ml,再次添加饲养细胞与NK细胞共培养,培养第12~14 天收获激活的NK细胞。
优选的,步骤(3)中1.5×106个激活的NK细胞与10ng~200ng的纳米材料共培养。
本发明的有益效果主要体现在:
(1)本发明利用CD16/TLS11a双特异性核酸适体可特异性的识别 NK细胞,使NK细胞具备良好的肝癌靶向性。
(2)本发明负载细胞因子的介孔硅材料,其可在特定的肿瘤微环境下释放细胞因子而原位扩增NK细胞,增强NK细胞的肿瘤杀伤作用。
(四)附图说明
图1为原位扩增NK细胞的原理图。
图2为TLS11a适体与CD16适体及双特异性适体对肿瘤细胞的识别能力的共聚焦图片。
图3为NK细胞与双特异性核酸适配体共孵育后,对肝癌细胞杀伤的共聚焦图片。
图4为靶向杀伤肝癌细胞的流式分析图。
图5为NK细胞对HepG2细胞靶向及肿瘤细胞形态学变化。
图6为HepG2细胞的凋亡情况。
(五)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:
实施例1:
(1)双特异性核酸适配体修饰的纳米材料的制备:
Apt-CD16的序列如下:
5’-GG CCA TGT GTA TGT GGG CCA CTG CGG GGG TCT ATA CGT GAG GAA GAA GTGGGC AGG TCC CCA CAT ACT TTG TTG ATC CTA CCG TCG TT-3’
TLS11a的序列如下:
5’-CGA CGG TA GGA TCA ATC ATG GCC AGC ATC CCC ATG TGA ACA ATC GCA TTGTGA TTG TTA CGG TTT CCG CCT CAT GGA CGT GCT G-3’。
双特异性核酸适体的合成方法如下:将Apt-CD16与TLS11a以1:1的比例混合,在95℃加热反应5min后,缓慢降至室温后,并置于4℃冰箱过夜而获得。
将0.1mg的介孔硅材料(购于西安瑞禧生物科技有限公司,其介孔大小为15~30nm)离心去除上清,加入0.2mL的1mg/mL细胞因子IL-21,室温搅拌30min后,离心去除上清,加入0.1mg的透明质酸反应1h,得到介孔复合物;将2μL的100μmol/mL双特异性核酸适体与所得介孔复合物共孵育12h,离心去除上清,得到双特异性核酸适体修饰的纳米材料。
(2)活化NK细胞的制备:
取30mL的健康人外周血,以1:1的比例加入无菌生理盐水稀释,再取50mL的EP管,加入15mL的Ficoll分离液,并缓慢加入到稀释液中且要不破坏液层。然后,将离心机升降速设为0,800G离心20min;收集白细胞,并生理盐水清洗2次,600G离心5min,收集沉淀,计数统计。
根据计数结果,取PBMC细胞3×107个重悬于30mL的KBM581 培养基中,加入硫酸庆大霉素80IU/mL,重组人白细胞介素2(江苏金丝利)200IU/mL,灭活的自体血浆5%,辐射后的工程化IL-21K562饲养细胞(杭州中赢,3×108个),并将细胞悬液置于T75培养瓶中,37℃, 5%CO2培养箱中培养。第3天,离心去除培养上清,加入新鲜的KBM581 培养基及细胞因子,此后补充KBM581培养基及相应浓度的细胞因子(每次添加的KBM581培养基不宜超过现有体积的一倍)。培养第7天,重新补充工程化IL-21的饲养细胞,并调整NK细胞培养密度为1×106个/mL。此后,每日根据细胞数量添加培养液及细胞因子。
NK培养至第12~14天,收集NK细胞,并用生理盐水清洗NK细胞1~2次。
(3)肿瘤组织原位扩增活化的自然杀伤性(NK)细胞的制备:
制备获得激活的NK细胞,采用生理盐水清洗NK细胞1~2次,每 1.5×106个激活的NK细胞与100ng的双特异性核酸适配体修饰的纳米材料混合,37℃水浴30min,制备获得所述在肿瘤组织原位扩增活化的自然杀伤性(NK)细胞。
实施例2:
实施例1制备的肿瘤组织原位扩增活化的自然杀伤性(NK)细胞可用于肝癌过继性免疫治疗。
使用荧光标记法及共聚焦显微镜观测双特异性核酸适体纳米材料结合NK细胞状态,及其靶向杀伤肝癌细胞的细胞状态以及利用流式细胞术检测杀伤后的肝癌细胞凋亡或坏死比例。具体测试结果如下:
(1)肿瘤组织原位扩增NK细胞原理图;
本发明肿瘤组织原位扩增NK细胞原理如图1所示。
(2)双特异性核酸适体;
将CD16核酸适体与TLS11a以1:1的比例混合,加热至95℃反应 5min,置于隔热箱中缓慢降温至室温后置于4℃冰箱过夜获得。
结果见图2,由图可见,CD16核酸适体和TLS11a核酸适体成功形成双特异性的核酸适体结构。
(3)介孔硅投射电镜(TEM)图;
结果见图3,介孔硅孔径在15nm~25nm,可有效负载用于扩增NK 细胞的细胞因子。
(4)双特异性核酸适体标记的NK细胞及肿瘤细胞共聚焦图;
采用700G离心5min收集NK细胞,用D-PBS缓冲液清洗2次,再重悬,并加入2μM的TLS11a/CD16双特异性适体反应30min,采用含5 mM的MgCl2、1%胎牛血清(FBS)的D-PBS清洗2次,置于激光共聚焦显微镜下观察。将贴壁的HegG2细胞,用D-PBS缓冲液清洗2次,加入1ml含5mM的MgCl2、1%胎牛血清(FBS)的D-PBS缓冲液,加入2μL的100μM/mL TLS11a/CD16双特异性适体反应30min,采用含5 mM的MgCl2、1%胎牛血清(FBS)的D-PBS清洗2次,置于激光共聚焦显微镜下观察。
结果见图4,由图可见,TLS11a/CD16双特异性核酸适体能够成功标记在NK细胞和HepG2细胞表面,标记效率>90%。
(5)靶向肝癌细胞杀伤共聚焦图;
在共聚焦培养皿中接种4×105个/孔的HepG2细胞种,37℃培养过夜。将NK细胞以E:T=10:1的效靶比加入至HepG2中,加入2μL的100μM/mL TLS11a/CD16双特异性适体,37℃共培养2h,采用激光共聚焦显微镜观察NK细胞对HepG2细胞靶向及肿瘤细胞形态学变化。
结果见图5,由图可见,TLS11a/CD16双特异性适体能够提高NK细胞识别HepG2细胞的效率,接触并引起肿瘤细胞凋亡,从细胞形态上看,共培养12h后的肿瘤细胞显著凋亡,证明其具有良好的靶向杀伤作用。
(4)靶向杀伤肝癌细胞流式分析图;
将4×105个/孔的HepG2细胞接种于24孔板中,37℃过夜培养。第二天将NK细胞以E:T=10:1的效靶比加入到HepG2中,并加入2μL的 100μM/mL TLS11a/CD16双特异性适体,共培养2小时,采用Annexin-V FITC/PI凋亡双染色试剂盒,考察HepG2细胞的凋亡情况。
结果见图6,由图可见,TLS11a/CD16双特异性适配体能够有效提高 NK细胞杀伤肿瘤细胞的效率,其凋亡及坏死比例高达54.26%。
序列表
<110> 福建医科大学孟超肝胆医院(福州市传染病医院)
<120> 一种增强NK细胞对肿瘤细胞靶向杀伤力的培养方法
<160> 2
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 88
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 1
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cacatacttt gttgatccta ccgtcgtt 88
<210> 2
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<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
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cgacggtagg atcaatcatg gccagcatcc ccatgtgaac aatcgcattg tgattgttac 60
ggtttccgcc tcatggacgt gctg 84
Claims (7)
1.一种增强NK细胞对肿瘤细胞靶向杀伤力的培养方法,所述方法包括:
(1)纳米材料制备:将介孔二氧化硅负载细胞因子后用透明质酸封闭孔道,再吸附CD16/TLS11a双特异性核酸适配体,得到双特异性核酸适体修饰的纳米材料;
所述CD16/TLS11a双特异性核酸适配体由Apt-CD16和TLS11a两条脱氧核酸链构成;
Apt-CD16的序列如下:
5’-GG CCA TGT GTA TGT GGG CCA CTG CGG GGG TCT ATA CGT GAG GAA GAA GTG GGCAGG TCC CCA CAT ACT TTG TTG ATC CTA CCG TCG TT-3’
TLS11a的序列如下:
5’-CGA CGG TA GGA TCA ATC ATG GCC AGC ATC CCC ATG TGA ACA ATC GCA TTG TGATTG TTA CGG TTT CCG CCT CAT GGA CGT GCT G-3’
(2)NK细胞激活:PBMC细胞重悬于NK细胞激活培养基中,加入辐射的工程化IL-21K562细胞共培养,培养过程中每天根据细胞数量添加培养液和细胞因子,培养12~14天收集获得激活的NK细胞;所述NK细胞激活培养基组成如下:庆大霉素10~200IU/mL,重组人IL-250~1000IU/mL,自体血浆1%~5%,溶剂为KBM581无血清培养基;
(3)共培养:将激活的NK细胞与双特异性核酸适体修饰的纳米材料共培养30~60min。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述细胞因子为下列之一:重组人白细胞介素2、重组人白细胞介素7、重组人白细胞介素12、重组人白细胞介素15、重组人白细胞介素21。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于所述细胞因子为重组人白细胞介素21。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(1)所述双特异性核酸适配体按如下方法制得:将Apt-CD16与TLS11a以1:1物质的量之比混合,在95℃加热反应5min后,缓慢降至室温,置于4℃冰箱过夜,得到所述双特异性核酸适配体。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述步骤(1)方法如下:将0.1mg的介孔硅材料离心去除上清,加入0.2mL的0.1~1mg/mL细胞因子,室温搅拌30min后,离心去除上清,加入2~5倍质量的透明质酸反应1h,得到介孔复合物;将双特异性核酸适体与所得介孔复合物共孵育12h,离心去除上清,得到双特异性核酸适体修饰的纳米材料。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(2)所述PBMC细胞按如下方法获得:将全血与生理盐水等体积混合,将混合液缓慢加入到Ficoll上层且不破坏液层界面,解除离心机的加速和刹车机制,800G离心20min,收集中间层云雾状的PBMC细胞。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(3)中1.5×106个激活的NK细胞与10ng~200ng的纳米材料共培养。
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