CN111777445A - Method for preparing liquid organic fertilizer by biological fermentation of domestic organic wet garbage - Google Patents
Method for preparing liquid organic fertilizer by biological fermentation of domestic organic wet garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN111777445A CN111777445A CN202010445254.XA CN202010445254A CN111777445A CN 111777445 A CN111777445 A CN 111777445A CN 202010445254 A CN202010445254 A CN 202010445254A CN 111777445 A CN111777445 A CN 111777445A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
- C05F1/005—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof from meat-wastes or from other wastes of animal origin, e.g. skins, hair, hoofs, feathers, blood
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
- C05F1/007—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof from derived products of animal origin or their wastes, e.g. leather, dairy products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a liquid organic fertilizer by utilizing biological fermentation of domestic organic wet garbage, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of crushing wet garbage to reduce the particle size, mixing the wet garbage with other small particle size and domestic wastewater, adding a fermentation microbial agent into a fermentation substrate according to a certain proportion, uniformly stirring, closing a cover, regularly stirring, fermenting for a certain time to realize complete decomposition, and filtering to obtain the liquid bio-organic fertilizer. The liquid biological organic fertilizer prepared by the invention is applied by using water and fertilizer simultaneously, is easy to be absorbed and utilized by crops by using water to carry fertilizer, has rich nutrient components and can play a fertilizer effect equivalent to that of a chemical fertilizer. Meanwhile, the liquid bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by taking the domestic organic wet garbage as a raw material, so that the aim of changing waste into valuable can be fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment and processing, in particular to a method for preparing a liquid organic fertilizer by utilizing biological fermentation of domestic organic wet garbage.
Background
Along with the improvement of living standard of people and the change of dietary structure, the components of domestic garbage also change greatly, the yield of kitchen garbage such as fruit peel, overdue fruit, leftovers and the like is more and more, and in addition, the proportion of degradable organic wet garbage such as human and animal excrement and the like in the domestic garbage reaches 75-80 percent, and the garbage mainly comprises components such as protein, starch, fat, cellulose and the like and is a carbon source, a nitrogen source and a phosphorus source with higher value. In addition, the wet garbage has large water content and is mainly in a liquid state, and the wet garbage is not easy to collect and transport, so that the wet garbage is best treated nearby and timely, the burden at the tail end of a large household garbage treatment facility can be reduced, the difficulty and the cost of garbage treatment are reduced, the possible pollution caused by the wet garbage is reduced, and the resource utilization of the wet garbage can be realized.
At present, patents for preparing liquid organic fertilizer by fermentation aiming at harmless treatment of domestic organic wet garbage are rarely reported. In published and reported Chinese patents, CN 103449899B, CN 108623385A and CN 103980011A relate to a technology for preparing a liquid organic fertilizer by utilizing microbial fermentation, and in a patent CN 103449899B, pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue, phosphoric acid, manganese chloride and water are used as basic nutrient substances, and a series of nutrient substances such as wheat bran and the like and fermentation microorganisms are supplemented to prepare the liquid biological organic fertilizer; the patent CN 108623385A uses corn sugar residue, fishbone powder, edible fungus residue, purslane powder, seaweed residue and pyrethrin powder as raw materials, and prepares a microorganism liquid organic fertilizer by adding beneficial microorganism fermentation composite bacteria, inorganic substances such as humic acid, urea, strontium chloride and organic selenium, and a series of substances such as trace elements; patent CN 103980011A utilizes domestic waste to prepare liquid bio-organic fertilizer, takes microorganism fermentation agent as the fungus source. It can be seen that patent nos. CN 103449899B and CN 108623385A both use special organic matter source as raw material, such as pleurotus eryngii dregs, wheat bran, corn sugar dregs, etc., and do not relate to domestic organic wet garbage. In patent CN 103980011A, domestic garbage is used as a raw material, but the treatment of the domestic garbage is only bag breaking and cleaning, the domestic garbage with complex components is not effectively classified, the properties of the raw material of the fermentable organic fertilizer are neglected, and a plurality of impurities are introduced in the preparation process, so that the quality of the organic fertilizer is influenced.
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the technical personnel in the field provide a method for preparing liquid organic fertilizer by taking domestic organic wet garbage as a raw material and performing biological fermentation, so as to solve the defects of high transportation cost, solid-liquid separation requirement, complicated procedure and the like of the domestic organic wet garbage and the problems provided in the background technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a liquid organic fertilizer by utilizing the biological fermentation of domestic organic wet garbage comprises the following steps:
1) properly crushing the organic wet garbage with larger volume to obtain powder with the particle size of about 1.0-5.0 cm;
2) mixing the crushed organic domestic wet garbage and other wet garbage with smaller volume in fermentation equipment, fully stirring, and adding a liquid solution with the mass 8-15 times that of a fermentation substrate, such as water, domestic wastewater and the like;
3) according to the mass ratio of 1: 500-5000, adding a composite microbial agent consisting of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, candida lipolytica, bacillus mucilaginosus, azotobacter and cellulose digesting bacteria into a fermentation substrate, and stirring at the rotating speed of 50-100 rpm for 10-30 min until the mixture is uniform;
4) in the fermentation process, stirring at a rotating speed of 50-100 rpm for 10-60 min every 10 h, and taking 2-20 days until the fermentation is completely decomposed;
5) after fermentation, the fermentation broth is filtered to obtain the liquid bio-organic fertilizer which can be applied to crops or green flowers alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the steps 1) and 3), the organic wet garbage refers to organic domestic wastes such as pericarp, pulp, vegetable leaves, leftovers, expired food, green flowers and plants, animal viscera, traditional Chinese medicine residues, tea residues or coffee residues.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the step 2), the domestic wastewater refers to vegetable washing water, dish washing water, bath water or fish culture water in life.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the step 2), the fermentation equipment can be special equipment suitable for microbial fermentation, such as a microbial fermenter, a liquid fertilizer fermenter, an organic fertilizer fermenter, a plug flow reactor and the like.
As a further proposal of the invention, in the step 3), the total viable count of the composite microbial inoculum is required to be more than 3.0 × 108cfu/mL。
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the step 3), the ratio of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, candida lipolytica, bacillus mucilaginosus, azotobacter and cellulose digesting bacteria in the composite microbial agent is 3-8: 2-8: 2-8: 3-8: 3-8: 1 to 2.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the step 3), the azotobacter is one or more of azotobacter chroococcum, azotobacter vinelandii or azotobacter.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the step 3), the cellulose digesting bacteria are one or two of aspergillus oryzae and streptomyces cellulosae.
When selecting microbial fermentation strains, the invention fully considers the sources of fermentation raw materials and combines the specific functions of the strains, thereby achieving the optimal fermentation decomposition effect. General wet domestic garbage (leftovers, expired fruits and the like) is derived from organic matters, most of the garbage belongs to components such as protein, starch, fat, cellulose and the like, and the garbage is a carbon source, a nitrogen source and a phosphorus source with relatively high values. Different strains play different roles in the fermentation and later plant growth processes. The bacillus subtilis not only can inhibit pathogenic bacteria and greatly weaken the odor of the organic fertilizer, but also can induce plants to generate resistance. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can produce a plurality of speciesαAmylase and protease, which can accelerate digestion of starch, protein and other substances, and Candida lipolytica can decompose fat, and meat and oil. The bacillus mucilaginosus and the nitrogen fixing bacteria are widely applied to the biofertilizer, the bacillus mucilaginosus has good functions of dissolving phosphorus, potassium and silicon, the nitrogen fixing bacteria can convert a fermentation substrate and a nitrogen source in air in the plant growth process, and the bacillus mucilaginosus and the nitrogen fixing bacteria are added to convert elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fermentation substrate, which is important for later plant growth. Aspergillus oryzae and cellulose streptomyces can convert cellulose in grains, beans and vegetable leaves into other organic matters, and utilization efficiency is improved. Therefore, the proportion of microbial strains needs to be adjusted for organic wet wastes of different sources.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention aims to convert the domestic organic wet garbage into the liquid biological organic fertilizer, thereby changing waste into valuable. The method of the invention utilizes the liquid biological organic fertilizer produced by the domestic organic wet garbage to fully utilize organic matters in the domestic organic wet garbage, has rich nutrient components, simple steps and easy operation, does not need large equipment and instruments in the treatment process, can be applied to crops independently or in combination with chemical fertilizers, provides nutrition for the crops, increases the yield, and simultaneously avoids the phenomena of soil hardening and the like caused by long-term use of excessive chemical fertilizers. The liquid fertilizer produced by the invention can be applied by systems such as drip irrigation, spraying and the like.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a method for preparing a liquid organic fertilizer by utilizing the biological fermentation of domestic organic wet garbage comprises the following steps:
1) crushing expired fruits, egg shells, plant flowers and the like appropriately to obtain powder with the particle size of less than 0.5-3.5 cm;
2) mixing the crushed solid biomass garbage, the wet garbage such as leftovers, hotpot condiment, traditional Chinese medicine residues and the like in a liquid fertilizer fermentation tank, adding 50L of vegetable washing water, flour soup and the like, and uniformly stirring;
3) adding 5g of composite microbial inoculum (3: 2: 2: 3: 3: 2) consisting of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, candida lipolytica, bacillus mucilaginosus, azotobacter chroococcum and cellulose streptomyces into a fermentation substrate according to the mass ratio of 1: 1000, stirring at the rotating speed of 80 rpm for 10 min until the mixture is uniform, wherein the total viable count of the composite microbial inoculum is 3.2 × 108~3.3×108cfu/mL；
4) In the fermentation process, stirring at a rotating speed of 80 rpm for 10 min every 10 h until the fermentation product is completely decomposed on day 4;
5) and (3) after the fermentation is finished, filtering the fermentation liquor to obtain about 40L of liquid bio-organic fertilizer, and spraying the liquid bio-organic fertilizer to a flower cultivation garden without adding a chemical fertilizer.
Example two:
a method for preparing a liquid organic fertilizer by utilizing the biological fermentation of domestic organic wet garbage comprises the following steps:
1) appropriately crushing solid biomass garbage such as peels, vegetable leaves and expired steamed bread with large volume to obtain powder with the particle size of 1.0-5.0 cm;
2) mixing the crushed solid biomass garbage and wet garbage such as leftovers, tea residues, coffee grounds and the like in a microbial fermentation device, adding 80L of dish washing water and fish farming water, and fully stirring the mixture, wherein the mass of the mixture is about 10 kg;
3) adding 12.5 g of a composite microbial inoculum consisting of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, candida lipolytica, bacillus mucilaginosus, azotobacter chroococcum, cellulose streptomyces and aspergillus oryzae (6: 6: 4: 6: 6: 1: 1) into a fermentation substrate according to the mass ratio of 1: 800, stirring at the rotating speed of 70 rpm for 20 min until the mixture is uniform, wherein the total viable count of the composite microbial inoculum is 3.4 × 108~5.5×108cfu/mL；
4) In the fermentation process, stirring for 15 min at the rotating speed of 70 rpm every 10 h until the fermentation product is completely decomposed on day 6;
5) and (3) after fermentation is finished, filtering the fermentation liquor to obtain about 60L of liquid bio-organic fertilizer, adding 20% of chemical fertilizer, and applying the fertilizer to the wheat land in cooperation with a drip irrigation system.
Example three:
a method for preparing a liquid organic fertilizer by utilizing the biological fermentation of domestic organic wet garbage comprises the following steps:
1) taking deteriorated meat, animal viscera, weeds and the like with large volume to be properly crushed to obtain powder with the particle size of less than 2.0-5.0 cm;
2) mixing the crushed solid biomass garbage and wet garbage such as soup, noodles and expired milk left on a dining table in a liquid fertilizer fermentation tank, wherein the mass of the wet garbage is about 20 kg, adding 220L of bath water and fish culture water, and uniformly stirring;
3) according to the mass ratio of 1: 800, adding 25 g of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, candida lipolytica, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus azotobacter, azotobacter chroococcum, cellulose streptomyces and aspergillus oryzae (8: 8: 8: 6: 2: 2: 1: 1) into a fermentation substrate, stirring at the rotating speed of 60 rpm for 30 min until the mixture is uniform, and obtaining the total amount of the composite microbial inoculumThe viable count is 3.3 × 108~6.5×108cfu/mL；
4) In the fermentation process, stirring for 30 min at the rotating speed of 60 rpm every 10 h until the fermentation product is completely decomposed on the 8 th day;
5) after fermentation is completed, the fermentation liquor is filtered to obtain about 190L of liquid bio-organic fertilizer, 20% of chemical fertilizer is added, and the liquid bio-organic fertilizer is applied to apple tree fields in cooperation with a drip irrigation system.
Examples of the experiments
In the experimental example, winter wheat in the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi province is taken as an experimental object, experiments are carried out at demonstration points of Honghui renewable energy limited company in Xingping city of Shaanxi province, liquid biological organic fertilizer and common chemical fertilizer prepared by taking household garbage as raw materials are respectively applied, and the fertilizer efficiency is detected by comparing the yield of winter wheat. The method comprises the steps of selecting 9 parts of test fields, randomly dividing the test fields into three groups, namely an experiment group, a control group and a blank group, applying liquid organic fertilizer and 20% of chemical fertilizer to the experiment group, applying chemical fertilizer to the control group, and not applying the chemical fertilizer to the blank group. The base fertilizer is applied to the farmland 10 months in 2018, the experimental group is applied with 400L/mu of liquid biological organic fertilizer, 3 kg/mu of urea and 8 kg/mu of ammonium phosphate, the control group is applied with 15 kg/mu of urea and 40 kg/mu of ammonium phosphate, and the blank group is not applied with fertilizer. And after topdressing is carried out in 2019 for 2 months, the experimental group is fertilized with 100L/mu of liquid biological organic fertilizer, the control group is fertilized with 7.5 kg/mu of topdressing urea, and the blank group is not fertilized. The results show that the liquid bio-organic fertilizer has equivalent yield to that of the fertilizer control group, and the plant diseases and insect pests are obviously less than those of the fertilizer control group, so that the liquid bio-organic fertilizer not only has high fertilizer efficiency, but also has certain effects of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and protecting soil quality on crops.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preparing a liquid organic fertilizer by utilizing the biological fermentation of domestic organic wet garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) properly crushing the organic wet garbage with larger volume to obtain powder with the particle size of about 1.0-5.0 cm;
2) mixing the crushed organic domestic wet garbage and other wet garbage with smaller volume in fermentation equipment, fully stirring, and adding a liquid solution with the mass 8-15 times that of a fermentation substrate, such as water, domestic wastewater and the like;
3) according to the mass ratio of 1: 500-5000, adding a composite microbial agent consisting of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, candida lipolytica, bacillus mucilaginosus, azotobacter and cellulose digesting bacteria into a fermentation substrate, and stirring at the rotating speed of 50-100 rpm for 10-30 min until the mixture is uniform;
4) in the fermentation process, stirring at a rotating speed of 50-100 rpm for 10-60 min every 10 h, and taking 2-20 days until the fermentation is completely decomposed;
5) after fermentation, the fermentation broth is filtered to obtain the liquid bio-organic fertilizer which can be applied to crops or green flowers alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers.
2. The method for preparing the liquid organic fertilizer by utilizing the biological fermentation of the domestic organic wet garbage according to claim 1, wherein the organic wet garbage refers to organic domestic wastes such as pericarp, fruit pulp, vegetable leaves, leftovers, expired food, flowers and green plants, animal viscera, traditional Chinese medicine residues, tea residues or coffee residues and the like in the steps 1) and 3).
3. The method for preparing the liquid organic fertilizer by utilizing the biological fermentation of the domestic organic wet garbage as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the domestic wastewater refers to domestic vegetable washing water, dish washing water, bath water or fish culture water.
4. The method for preparing liquid organic fertilizer by utilizing domestic organic wet garbage biological fermentation according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the fermentation equipment can be special equipment suitable for microbial fermentation, such as a microbial fermenter, a liquid fertilizer fermenter, an organic fertilizer fermenter, a plug flow reactor and the like.
5. The method for preparing the liquid organic fertilizer by utilizing the biological fermentation of the domestic organic wet garbage according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the total viable count of the composite microbial inoculum is more than 3.0 × 108cfu/mL。
6. The method for preparing the liquid organic fertilizer by utilizing the biological fermentation of the domestic organic wet garbage according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the ratio of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, candida lipolytica, bacillus mucilaginosus, azotobacter and cellulose digesting bacteria in the composite microbial agent is 3-8: 2-8: 2-8: 3-8: 3-8: 1 to 2.
7. The method for preparing the liquid organic fertilizer by utilizing the biological fermentation of the domestic organic wet garbage according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the azotobacter is one or more of azotobacter chroococcum, azotobacter vinelandii or azotobacter bacillus.
8. The method for preparing liquid organic fertilizer by utilizing the biological fermentation of the domestic organic wet garbage according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the cellulose digesting bacteria are one or two of aspergillus oryzae and streptomyces cellulosae.
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| CN113716990A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-30 | 肖怀军 | Garbage fermentation method and application thereof |
| CN113754495A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2021-12-07 | 上海市农业科学院 | Preparation method and application of wet garbage fertilizer |
| CN113860958A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2021-12-31 | 塔里木大学 | Method for processing liquid organic fertilizer |
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