CN111773274A - 瓶尔小草及车前子组合物在制备降血糖及降血压的药物组合物中的应用 - Google Patents
瓶尔小草及车前子组合物在制备降血糖及降血压的药物组合物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了瓶尔小草及车前子组合物在制备降血糖及降血压的药物组合物中的应用,该药物组合物为口服给药,该瓶尔小草及车前子组合物由车前子原药粉末或车前子萃取物以及瓶尔小草原药粉末或瓶尔小草萃取物组成。本发明中的瓶尔小草及车前子组合物对降血糖和降血压均有明显的疗效,可用于制备有效的药物组合物,用以治疗患有糖尿病(及)或高血压的个体。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中成药技术领域,具体涉及瓶尔小草及车前子组合物在制备降血糖及降血压的药物组合物中的应用。
背景技术
目前糖尿病的治疗方法分为三个部分:规律运动、控制饮食及药物治疗。糖尿病的药物治疗又分为口服降血糖药或注射胰岛素;当口服降血糖药治疗后,血糖仍控制不佳时,即可能需要改为以注射胰岛素治疗。但随着药品作用机制的不同,服药的时间也有所区别:其一,饭前三十分钟服用、饭前立即服用或随餐服用的药品,此类药品多具刺激胰岛素分泌的功能;其二,饭后服用的药品,其用于改善胰岛素抗药性及减少肝脏的葡萄糖输出,但其作用大多在于肠胃道,因此病患于饭后服用可避免肠胃不适的副作用。在使用降血糖药品的副作用中,一般低血糖为最常见者,尤其当病患服用药品时,并未配合饮食时间,或未进食又从事会消耗血糖的活动时更容易发生;其次是肠胃不适;另外还可能引发肝毒性。
注射用的胰岛素与人体内产生的胰岛素相同或几乎相同,目前被广泛使用,对于糖尿病能够达到最有效的治疗,减少血糖控制不良可能导致的问题,如眼睛、肾脏及周边神经的病变。然而其注射位置、注射深度、运动、剂量皆会影响胰岛素的吸收。为了获得稳定的胰岛素吸收和作用,须注意在同一个注射区内的注射次数不宜过于频繁,故不宜每次皆注射在同一点上,注射点应与上一次的注射点保持三根指头的距离,方能确保胰岛素的稳定吸收,不致延后吸收,以避免因同一区域内注射次数过于频繁而引起注射部位皮下组织的伤害。
高血压是最常见的慢性病(收缩压≥140毫米汞柱,舒张压≥90毫米汞柱),也是心脑血管病最主要的危险因素,在临床上高血压可分为两类:1.原发性高血压占所有高血压患者的90%以上,病因尚未明确的独立疾病。2.继发性高血压又称症状性高血压,在这类疾病中病因明确,血压可暂时性或持久性升高。高血压是受1.遗传因素大约60%的高血压患者有家族史,是多基因遗传所致,30%~50%的高血压患者有遗传背景。2.精神和环境因素3.年龄因素40岁以上者发病率高。4.生活习惯因素吸烟可加速动脉粥样硬化的过程,为高血压的危险因素。5.药物的影响6.其他疾病的影响肥胖、糖尿病、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征、甲状腺疾病、肾动脉狭窄、肾脏实质损害、肾上腺占位性病变、嗜铬细胞瘤、其他神经内分泌肿瘤等。另一方面,高血压常常与其他心、脑血管病的危险因素合并存在,例如高胆固醇血症、肥胖、糖尿病等,协同加重心血管疾病危险。对症给药及长期控制最为重要。
目前高血压的治疗方法分为三个部分:规律运动、控制饮食及药物治疗。其中高血压的药物治疗通常为长期间按时服药,以达到有效的治疗,并减少中风、心脏病、肾脏病等并发症的发生。然而有些种类的高血压药物会引发副作用,造成患者服用后身体不适,因此目前的高血压药物都是以大规模研究、经过疗效与副作用的评估后,才被采用。
瓶尔小草及车前子组成中药组合物,用于治疗糖尿病及高血压的应用仍未出现于市面上。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术缺陷,提供瓶尔小草及车前子组合物在制备降血糖及降血压的药物组合物中的应用。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种治疗降血糖及降血压的口服药物组合物。
本发明的技术方案如下:
瓶尔小草及车前子组合物在制备降血糖及降血压的药物组合物中的应用,该药物组合物为口服给药,该瓶尔小草及车前子组合物由车前子原药粉末或车前子萃取物以及瓶尔小草原药粉末或瓶尔小草萃取物组成。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述车前子萃取物和所述瓶尔小草萃取物的制备方法包括:将车前子或瓶尔小草的植株粉碎后,经乙醇水萃取或高温高压水萃取。该高温高压水采用意式咖啡机或其他具备相同控温、加压萃取功能的装置进行。
进一步优选的,所述乙醇水萃取中,乙醇与水的体积比为1∶10-10∶1。
进一步优选的,所述高温高压水萃取的温度为80-105℃,压力为14-20Bar。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述瓶尔小草及车前子组合物的用于降血糖的配方为:瓶尔小草原药粉末或瓶尔小草萃取物10-100mg/60kg B.W./day人类,车前子原药粉末或车前子萃取物1000-4000mg/60kg B.W./day人类;用于降血压的配方为:瓶尔小草原药粉末或瓶尔小草萃取物5-100mg/60kg B.W./day人类,车前子原药粉末或车前子萃取物50-1000mg/60kg B.W./day人类。
上述药物组合物的剂型包括丸剂、锭剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、糖浆剂、小瓶剂、滴剂和乳剂,其组分中还包括至少一种药学可接受的佐剂、载体和/或赋形剂。进一步的,可添加咖啡、巧克力或其他天然甘味剂如甘草或桂皮等,以调味、改善口感及提升使用者喜好性。
本发明的另一技术方案如下:
一种降血糖及降血压的口服药物组合物,其有效成分包括瓶尔小草及车前子组合物,该瓶尔小草及车前子组合物由车前子原药粉末或车前子萃取物以及瓶尔小草原药粉末或瓶尔小草萃取物组成。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述车前子萃取物和所述瓶尔小草萃取物的制备方法包括:将车前子或瓶尔小草的植株粉碎后,经乙醇水萃取或高温高压水萃取。该高温高压水采用意式咖啡机或其他具备相同控温、加压萃取功能的装置进行。
进一步优选的,所述乙醇水萃取中,乙醇与水的体积比为1∶10-10∶1。
进一步优选的,所述高温高压水萃取的温度为80-105℃,压力为14-20Bar。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述瓶尔小草及车前子组合物的用于降血糖的配方为:瓶尔小草原药粉末或瓶尔小草萃取物10-100mg/60kg B.W./day人类,车前子原药粉末或车前子萃取物1000-4000mg/60kg B.W./day人类;用于降血压的配方为:瓶尔小草原药粉末或瓶尔小草萃取物5-100mg/60kg B.W./day人类,车前子原药粉末或车前子萃取物50-1000mg/60kg B.W./day人类。
上述口服药物组合物的剂型包括丸剂、锭剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、糖浆剂、小瓶剂、滴剂和乳剂,其组分中还包括至少一种药学可接受的佐剂、载体和/或赋形剂。进一步的,可添加咖啡、巧克力或其他天然甘味剂如甘草或桂皮等,以调味、改善口感及提升使用者喜好性。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明中的瓶尔小草及车前子组合物对降血糖和降血压均有明显的疗效,可用于制备有效的药物组合物,用以治疗患有糖尿病(及)或高血压的个体。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中检测口服药物组合物对糖尿病ICR小鼠给予葡萄糖造成血糖变化的反应曲线图;
图2为本发明实施例1中换算图1曲线下方的面积(area under the curve,本发明中简称AUC),比较试验各组对糖尿病ICR小鼠造成血糖变化的柱状图。
图3为本发明实施例1中口服药物组合物用一次后对正常血压SD大鼠的降血压功效之柱状图;
图4为本发明实施例1中口服药物组合物用一次后对第一期高血压P1-HT大鼠的降血压功效之柱状图;
图5为本发明实施例1中口服药物组合物用一次后对第一期高血压P1-HT大鼠后造成的心律变化的柱状图。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行进一步的说明和描述。
本发明中所用的瓶尔小草又称一叶草、独叶草、独叶金枪草、金剑草、一支箭、一支枪、独叶一支箭、单枪一支箭、一矛一盾、矛盾草、蛇须草。分成两种1.狭叶瓶尔小草Ophioglossum thermale Komar.2.心叶瓶尔小草Ophioglossum reticulatun L.性状微甘、苦,凉。凉血、清热解毒,消肿止痛。主治喉痛,喉痹、白喉、口腔疾患、小儿肺炎、脘腹胀痛,毒蛇咬伤,疗疮肿毒;外用治急性结膜炎,角膜云翳,眼睑缘炎。
本发明中所用的车前子(Plantago asiatica)车前科植物本品性味甘寒,入肾、膀胱、肝、肺经,功能利水通淋、渗湿止泻、清肝明目、主治利水,清热,明目,祛痰。治小便不通,淋浊,带下,尿血,暑湿泻痢,清热化痰咳嗽多痰,湿痹,目赤障翳。
本发明所称的茎、根及整株萃取物以及其他类似用语是指将植物的对应部位与构造(视需要洗净)打碎后和一溶剂接触,利用本发明所述方法制得的混合物。所述的萃取溶剂为乙醇水,其中乙醇与水的体积比例可为1∶10-10∶1,例如1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、3∶1或2∶1等。所述的萃取物包含粗萃取物(crude extract)以及经处理、纯化后的精制萃取物(refinedextract),更明确地说,粗萃取物是经简单萃取而得的产物,其中所选的植物部分和至少一萃取溶剂接触,在可任选的情形中,之后可将所得的粗萃取物进行一或多种分离及/或纯化处理,以得到精制萃取物。茎,根及整株萃取物可以是液体形式(如,溶液、浓缩物或蒸馏物),亦可以是去除溶剂的固形物(如,膏、颗粒或干燥后的粉末),且该固形物可进一步溶于油中,可使用的油为例如但不限于食用油,如黄豆油。
本发明中所用的有效量(effective mount)是指一药物组合物的用量足以产生期望的治疗结果,其中结果的确切性质根据被治疗的具体疾病而变化。具体的有效量取决于多种因素,如欲治疗的特定状况、患者的生理条件(如,患者体重、年龄或性别)、接受治疗的动物类型、治疗持续时间、投药方式、目前疗法(若有)的本质以及所用的具体配方和化合物或其衍生物的结构。有效量亦指一种化合物或组合物,其治疗利益效果超越其毒性或有害影响。举例来说,可将有效量表示成药物的总重量(譬如以克、毫克或微克为单位)或表示成药物重量与体重的比例(其单位为毫克/公斤(mg/kg))。
本发明中所用的药物组合物是指由两种或两种以上物质组成的混合物或化合物并包含本发明的萃取物做为活性成份,不论其为气体、液体、粉末或固体。经口投与的药物组合物可呈胶囊、扁囊剂、丸剂锭剂、口含锭、散剂、颗粒剂形式或呈于水溶液或非水性液体中的溶液或悬浮液形式,或呈水包油或油包水液体乳液形式,或糖浆形式,或呈片剂其类似物的形式。在用于经口投与的药物组合物的固体剂型(胶囊、锭剂、丸剂、糖衣药丸、散剂、颗粒剂及其他口服剂型)中,本发明的组合物可用于例如制造食品、医药品、工业原料等的用途。本发明食品的例可列举营养补助食品、健康食品、机能性食品、老人用食品等。
实施例1
本实施例中的口服药物组合物为:由车前子药物原粉和瓶尔小草萃取物组成,其中,瓶尔小草萃取物的制备为:将瓶尔小草洗净后干燥切碎并打成粉状,加入乙醇水混合溶剂(乙醇与水体积比7∶3),浸泡1天后,经固液分离后,将所得液体放在室温风干,即成。
(一)实验过程:
1.急性(acute)降血糖能力:
在晚间23:00开始将高油饲料诱导糖尿病ICR小鼠(饥饿血糖>130mg/dL)断水断食10小时。隔天早上9:00先测定初始血糖值后,每只管喂0.2mL上述口服药物组合物,其次再给予4g/kg葡萄糖,并开始计时,每隔30分钟使用Accu-chek(机型Instant)血糖机由小鼠尾静脉扎针测定血糖一次,共测定0、30、60、90、120分钟五个时间点。本实验以给予糖尿病ICR小鼠4g/kg葡萄糖前仅喂食0.2mL灭菌水作为空白对照组;以给予糖尿病ICR小鼠4g/kg葡萄糖仅进行皮下注射20pM胰岛素(insulin)或给予5mg/kg二甲双胍(临床用药)作为二个正对照组。其实验组之组合剂量如下:
降血糖配方:
瓶尔小草:1-10mg/kg B.W./day 50g ICR糖尿病鼠,换算成10-100mg/60kg B.W./day人类;
车前子:100-400mg/kg B.W./day 50g ICR糖尿病鼠,换算成1000-4000mg/60kgB.W./day人类。
2.急性(acute)降血压能力:
将正常血压SD大鼠及第一期高血压P1-HT大鼠断食10小时。透过气体麻醉机麻醉,经由股动脉插管通过PowerLab传递到LabChart 7(Colorado Springs CO 80906,USA)检测及记录初始血压值。待血压稳定3分钟后,每只管喂0.2mL上述口服药物组合物,给药后持续监测30分钟内的血压及心律变化。其组合剂量如下:
降血压配方:
瓶尔小草:0.5-10mg/kg B.W./day 300g大鼠,换算成5-100mg/60kg B.W./day人类;
车前子:5-100mg/kg B.W./day 300g大鼠,换算成50-1000mg/60kg B.W./day人类。
(二)实验结果:
以下依据说明书附图阐述本实验的结果。本实验的资料是以平均值±标准误差(SE)显示,使用Tukey测试的单向ANOVA进行显著分析,以确定处理前及处理后的差异,以GraphPad Prism 7.04(La Jolla,CA,USA)构建数据柱状图。*(p<0.05)和****(p<0.0001)是统计学显著性水平。
如图1所示,仅给予4g/kg葡萄糖的糖尿病ICR小鼠的血糖值在30分钟后上升至最高,且高于任一实验组或对照组,其后续血糖值降低的状况则明显地较缓慢。进行胰岛素皮下注射、喂食二甲双胍及上述口服药物组合物组合物的糖尿病ICR小鼠在30分钟后的血糖值相对于空白对照组则皆上升较慢,且其后续血糖值降低的状况相对于空白对照组则皆有明显较快速的趋势。由此可知,上述口服药物组合物具有降血糖的功效,且其效果与常见的降血糖药物胰岛素及二甲双胍相近。
如图2所示,换算图1的数据,转换为柱状图的后,能够更明确地比较不同处理方式对于血糖变化的影响。据此,上述口服药物组合物组合物当中的降血糖功效胜过二甲双胍。
如图3至图5所示,图3结果显示正常血压SD大鼠服用上述口服药物组合物30分钟后其血压未有急遽的变化。据此,上述口服药物组合物对于血压正常的个体不会造成血压异常;图4结果显示第一期高血压P1-HT大鼠服用上述口服药物组合物组合物30分钟后,其收缩压有显著的下降,由此可见,上述口服药物组合物对于高血压的个体具有降血压的功效;图5结果显示正常血压SD大鼠及第一期高血压P1-HT大鼠服用上述口服药物组合物30分钟后其心律未有显著的变化。
即上述口服药物组合物不仅可用于制备降血糖及降血压药物组合物的用途,亦得以经评估后用于制备日常保健食品的用途。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,故不能依此限定本发明实施的范围,即依本发明专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰,皆应仍属本发明涵盖的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.瓶尔小草及车前子组合物在制备降血糖及降血压的药物组合物中的应用,其特征在于:该药物组合物为口服给药,该瓶尔小草及车前子组合物由车前子原药粉末或车前子萃取物以及瓶尔小草原药粉末或瓶尔小草萃取物组成。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述车前子萃取物和所述瓶尔小草萃取物的制备方法包括:将车前子或瓶尔小草的植株粉碎后,经乙醇水萃取或高温高压水萃取。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于:所述乙醇水萃取中,乙醇与水的体积比为1∶10-10∶1。
4.如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于:所述高温高压水萃取的温度为80-105℃,压力为14-20Bar。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一权利要求所述的应用,其特征在于:所述瓶尔小草及车前子组合物的用于降血糖的配方为:瓶尔小草原药粉末或瓶尔小草萃取物10-100mg/60kgB.W./day人类,车前子原药粉末或车前子萃取物1000-4000mg/60kg B.W./day人类;用于降血压的配方为:瓶尔小草原药粉末或瓶尔小草萃取物5-100mg/60kg B.W./day人类,车前子原药粉末或车前子萃取物50-1000mg/60kg B.W./day人类。
6.一种降血糖及降血压的口服药物组合物,其特征在于:其有效成分包括瓶尔小草及车前子组合物,该瓶尔小草及车前子组合物由车前子原药粉末或车前子萃取物以及瓶尔小草原药粉末或瓶尔小草萃取物组成。
7.如权利要求6所述的口服药物组合物,其特征在于:所述车前子萃取物和所述瓶尔小草萃取物的制备方法包括:将车前子或瓶尔小草的植株粉碎后,经乙醇水萃取或高温高压水萃取。
8.如权利要求7所述的口服药物组合物,其特征在于:所述乙醇水萃取中,乙醇与水的体积比为1∶10-10∶1。
9.如权利要求7所述的口服药物组合物,其特征在于:所述高温高压水萃取的温度为80-105℃,压力为14-20Bar。
10.如权利要求6至8中任一权利要求所述的口服药物组合物,其特征在于:所述瓶尔小草及车前子组合物的用于降血糖的配方为:瓶尔小草原药粉末或瓶尔小草萃取物10-100mg/60kg B.W./day人类,车前子原药粉末或车前子萃取物1000-4000mg/60kg B.W./day人类;用于降血压的配方为:瓶尔小草原药粉末或瓶尔小草萃取物5-100mg/60kg B.W./day人类,车前子原药粉末或车前子萃取物50-1000mg/60kg B.W./day人类。
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