CN111773179A - 一种盐酸米诺环素软膏及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
发明提供了一种盐酸米诺环素软膏及制备方法和配套的给药装置,所述的盐酸米诺环素软膏按重量比计包括如下组分:盐酸米诺环素0.5%~10.0%,氯化镁0.5%~10.0%,水相骨架材料1.0%~10.0%,油相骨架材料1.0%~10.0%,油性骨架溶剂3.0%~40.0%,余量为水性骨架溶剂,其特征在于油相骨架材料与油性骨架溶剂的重量比为(3~4):1,并且是由盐酸米诺环素、氯化镁、水相骨架材料和水性骨架溶剂制成的水相加入到由油相骨架材料和油性骨架溶剂制成的油相中制成的。本发明的盐酸米诺环素软膏稳定性好,疗效确切。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供一种盐酸米诺环素的新型药物制剂,具体地说,提供一种盐酸米诺环素软膏及其制备方法。属于药物制剂领域。
背景技术
牙周炎是临床中常见的口腔疾病,主要是由于细菌等多因素导致,引发牙龈组织出现急、慢性炎症,临床发生率高,特别是儿童和少年抗生素的应用已成为牙周炎治疗的重要手段。盐酸米诺环素为一种半合成四环素,以其抗菌谱广、抗菌活性强、高效、长效、易渗透,以及对各种牙周炎的致病菌均高度敏感等特点,被视为治疗牙周病的首选药物。
盐酸米诺环素的作用机制是核糖体30S亚基的A位置结合,阻止肽链的延长,从而抑制细菌或其他病原微生物的蛋白质合成。虽然市售的有片剂和胶囊,然而在实际使用过程中,由于工艺上和配方上的缺陷,始终无法克服其毒副作用对患者治疗造成的干扰,普通制剂每日一次用药容易导致血药浓度峰值偏高,进而引起中枢神经副反应,且批次间差异较大,产品稳定性不佳;国外进口药物虽然上述缺陷没有如此显著,但其成本较高,性价比低,普适性差,虽然有一些专利利用新的制剂技术来减少米诺环素带来的副作用,如CN105663087利用微丸技术,开发了一种盐酸米诺环素缓释微丸及其制备方法;CN105534941、CN101658501发明了盐酸米诺环素缓释片及其制备方法;CN103054832发明了一种盐酸米诺环素缓释胶囊及其制备方法。这些发明都是通过延缓药物从制剂中的释药速率,降低药物进入机体的吸收速率,能够克服普通制剂多剂量给药后产生的“峰谷”现象,从而起到更加稳定的治疗效果,降低了高体内浓度导致的毒副作用。但是一个全身用药始终没有解决的问题,龈沟液(gingival cervical fluid,GCF)中药物浓度低,容易诱发耐药菌株和二重感染。
US4701320公开了用于牙周病的包含盐酸米诺环素的药物组合物。CN102670486A也公开一种可注射米诺环素软膏的制备方法。由于盐酸米诺环素以溶液形式不稳定,对湿度、温度和光线也很敏感。因此现有技术报道的药物组合物或制剂的稳定性仍然有待提高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种盐酸米诺环素软膏及其制备方法,本发明的软膏性质稳定,疗效确切,给药方便,因为给药部位在牙龈或者炎症部位,一方面可以降低全身给药时的毒副作用,另一方面,可使病灶部位保持较高的药物浓度,有利于杀死病菌,提高药物的疗效。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明技术方案如下:
本发明提供了一种盐酸米诺环素软膏,按重量比计,包括如下组分:盐酸米诺环素0.5%~10.0%,氯化镁0.5%~10.0%,水相骨架材料1.0%~10.0%,油相骨架材料1.0%~10.0%,油性骨架溶剂3.0%~40.0%,余量为水性骨架溶剂,其特征在于油相骨架材料与油性骨架溶剂的重量比为(3~4):1,并且是由盐酸米诺环素、氯化镁、水相骨架材料和水性骨架溶剂制成的水相加入到由油相骨架材料和油性骨架溶剂制成的油相中制成的。
上述所述的盐酸米诺环素软膏,其中所述的水相骨架材料为烷基纤维素类;优选地,所述的水相骨架材料选自乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、醋酸纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素、羟丙纤维素、羟乙基纤维素等,可单独使用也可组合使用。
上述所述的盐酸米诺环素软膏,其中所述的油相骨架材料为聚丙烯酸树脂;优选地,所述的聚丙烯酸树脂选自Eudragit RS100、Eudragit RL100、Eudragit E30D等;更优选地,所述的聚丙烯酸树脂为Eudragit RS100。
上述所述的盐酸米诺环素软膏,其中所述的水性骨架溶剂选自甘油、乙醇、丙二醇、纯化水,可单独使用也可组合使用。
上述所述的盐酸米诺环素软膏,其中所述的油性骨架溶剂选自单双硬脂酸甘油酯、白凡士林、液体石蜡、羊毛脂、三乙酸甘油酯、十六醇、十八醇、二甲基硅油等,可单独使用也可组合使用。
优选地,上述所述的盐酸米诺环素软膏,其中按重量百分比计,油相为10%~40%,水相为60%~90%。
上述所述的盐酸米诺环素软膏,其中所述水相是由如下方法制成:将氯化镁与部分的水性骨架溶剂混匀,然后加入水相骨架材料继续混匀,再加入盐酸米诺环素使溶解,最后加入剩余水性骨架溶剂混匀制得水相。
上述所述的盐酸米诺环素软膏,其灌装于预灌封的注射器内。
作为本发明另一目的,提供上述所述的盐酸米诺环素软膏的制备方法,包括:
(1)水相制备:将氯化镁与部分的水性骨架溶剂混匀,然后加入水相骨架材料继续混匀,再加入盐酸米诺环素使溶解,最后加入剩余水性骨架溶剂混匀制得水相;
(2)油相制备:将油相骨架材料加到油性骨架溶剂中溶解制得油相;
(3)将步骤(1)制得的水相加入到步骤(2)制得的油相并混匀;
(4)用灌装设备将步骤(3)制得的物料灌装于预灌封的注射器内。
本发明上述所述的盐酸米诺环素软膏作为药物的应用,所述药物用于牙周病等。
本发明上述所述的盐酸米诺环素软膏,包装中配有给药用的软性针头,用于配合注射器使用。
普通口服剂型,或者非局部缓释给药,在病灶部位的药物浓度并不高,而且收到波峰波谷的血药浓度影响,不仅带来毒副作用,还容易诱发耐药菌株和二重感染。本发明的盐酸米诺环素软膏被预灌装于注射器内,使用时直接注入牙周袋内,通过基质的水合作用,使制剂固定粘附于牙周袋内,与牙周袋内GCF接触,GCF会进入软膏中,从而与不溶的共聚物形成网状结构,起一定的储库作用,又通过基质的控释性能,保证了可在较长时间内释放活性成分,达到局部有效药物浓度的目的,可以用于重度牙周炎、慢性牙周脓肿、冠周炎及牙周手术后感染等牙周疾病,且效果优于口服抗生素治疗及非缓释局部用药。
本发明的盐酸米诺环素软膏,被预灌封装于注射器内,使用时利用配套的硅胶针管直接注入牙周袋内,软膏控制药物缓慢的释放于牙周袋内,使杀菌药效可以维持7天,而且本发明制得的盐酸米诺环素软膏的释放主要是按一级动力学过程,药物在口腔的转运速度与口腔的药量或血药浓度成正相关,药物缓慢而非恒速的释放,药物在牙周袋内,通过基质的水合作用,使制剂固定粘附于牙周袋内,与牙周袋内GCF接触,GCF会进入软膏中,从而与不溶的聚合物形成网状结构,起一定的储库作用,又通过基质的控释性能,保证了可在较长时间内释放活性成分,达到维持局部有效药物浓度的目的。
本发明软膏疗效确切,给药方便,因为给药部位在牙龈或者炎症部位,一方面可以降低全身给药时的毒副作用,另一方面,可使病灶部位保持较高的药物浓度,有利于杀死病菌,提高药物的疗效。特别是,本发明惊喜地发现,控制软膏中油相骨架材料与油性骨架溶剂用量,经本发明方法制得的盐酸米诺环素软膏,与现有技术的盐酸米诺环素软膏制剂相比,本发明软膏剂具有更好稳定性。
本发明盐酸米诺环素软膏,利用外用软膏剂型的特殊性质提高制剂的使用携带的便捷性、局部病灶部位给药,降低全身毒副作用。同时提供盐酸米诺环素软膏的适合于工业化生产的处方及制备工艺,以及为了方便患者给药设计的预灌封形式和配套的给药针管。
附图说明
图1:实施例1软膏同批次溶出结果
图2:派丽奥同批次溶出结果
具体实施方式
为了更好地说明本发明所述盐酸米诺环素软膏及制备方法,结合实施例作进一步说明。
实施例1
制备方法:
组分A(水相)制备:
称取处方量氯化镁分散在部分的水性骨架溶剂中,130±5℃条件下搅拌5-8h,冷却至100℃,再加入处方量水相骨架基质,100℃保温条件下搅拌16h后,置于干燥器中冷却至室温(25±5℃),再加入处方量盐酸米诺环素,搅拌使溶解,补加水性骨架溶剂至全量,搅拌均匀后,得组分A。
组分B(油相)制备:
称取处方量油相骨架材料分散至油性骨架溶剂中,70℃条件下搅拌使溶解,冷却至室温,得组分B。
将组分A加至组分B,搅拌均匀。
将制备好的上述物料,用灌装设备灌装于预灌封注射器组合件中。
实施例2
处方:
制备方法:同实施例1。
实施例3
处方:
制备方法:同实施例1。
实施例4
处方:
制备方法:同实施例1。
体外溶出度试验
实施例1制备的盐酸米诺环素软膏(样品批号18052101)进行体外溶出度试验,并与参比药物市售派丽奥(批号1706261)进行了溶出曲线对比。溶出度方法参照《中国药典》2015年版第二法(即桨法)。
溶出介质:水;体积:500ml;转速:100rpm;温度:37±0.5℃
盐酸米诺环素软膏均匀涂布于样品盒中,并称量质量,软膏面朝上水平沉入溶出介质中,进行溶出实验,于1h、2h、4h、6h、8h取样并检测,每次取样2ml并补充等量体积溶出介质。
溶出结果如表1和图1、2所示。
表1:溶出度
派丽奥与本发明的软膏F2相似因子在73.3≥50,说明本发明软膏与派丽奥溶出曲线一致。
经过抑菌试验,结果也显示,实施例1制得的盐酸米诺环素软膏与派丽奥对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌效果基本一致。
稳定性试验
对实施例1-4制得的盐酸米诺环素软膏与参比制剂(派丽奥)在高温、光照、高湿条件下进行10天影响因素考察以及长期条件下3个月到24个月的考察,结果如下表2和表3所示。其中有关物质(最大单杂和总杂)按派丽奥药品标准的方法测定。
表2:影响因素考察有关物质结果
高温条件:40℃,避光,密封
高湿条件:20℃,避光,92.5%RH
光照条件:20℃,4500LUX,密封
表3:长期实验考察有关物质结果长期条件:25℃;湿度:75%
结果显示,本发明软膏与参比制剂在考察影响因素稳定性试验中,三种考察条件下有关物质出现了不同程度增加现象,其中高湿条件下有吸湿增重现象,光照条件下样品颜色发生变化,这与文献报道的盐酸米诺环素对湿度、温度和光线敏感的理化特性是一致的。通过比较发现本发明产品和参比制剂,在影响因素试验条件下虽然杂质(有关物质)均有增长,但是无论最大单杂还是总杂,本发明实施例1-4杂质的增长速度都明显地小于参比制剂,在长期考察实验中,本发明软膏中有关物质增加也是低于参比制剂,结果说明本发明的盐酸米诺环素软膏有更好稳定性。
Claims (10)
1.一种盐酸米诺环素软膏,按重量比计,包括如下组分:盐酸米诺环素0.5%~10.0%,氯化镁0.5%~10.0%,水相骨架材料1.0%~10.0%,油相骨架材料1.0%~10.0%,油性骨架溶剂3.0%~40.0%,余量为水性骨架溶剂,其特征在于油相骨架材料与油性骨架溶剂的重量比为(3~4):1,并且是由盐酸米诺环素、氯化镁、水相骨架材料和水性骨架溶剂制成的水相加入到由油相骨架材料和油性骨架溶剂制成的油相中制成的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的盐酸米诺环素软膏,其中所述的水相骨架材料为烷基纤维素类;优选地,所述的水相骨架材料选自乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、醋酸纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素、羟丙纤维素、羟乙基纤维素等,可单独使用也可组合使用。
3.根据权利要求1-2所述的盐酸米诺环素软膏,其中所述的油相骨架材料为聚丙烯酸树脂;优选地,所述的聚丙烯酸树脂选自Eudragit RS100、Eudragit RL100、EudragitE30D。
4.根据权利要求1-3所述的盐酸米诺环素软膏,其中所述的水性骨架溶剂选自甘油、乙醇、丙二醇、纯化水,可单独使用也可组合使用。
5.根据权利要求1-4所述的盐酸米诺环素软膏,其中所述的油性骨架溶剂选自单双硬脂酸甘油酯、白凡士林、液体石蜡、羊毛脂、三乙酸甘油酯、十六醇、十八醇、二甲基硅油等,可单独使用也可组合使用。
6.根据权利要求1-5所述的盐酸米诺环素软膏,其中按重量百分比计,油相为10%~40%,水相为60%~90%。
7.根据权利要求1-6所述的盐酸米诺环素软膏,其中所述水相是由如下方法制成:将氯化镁与部分的水性骨架溶剂混匀,然后加入水相骨架材料继续混匀,再加入盐酸米诺环素使溶解,最后加入剩余水性骨架溶剂混匀制得水相。
8.根据权利要求1-7所述的盐酸米诺环素软膏,其灌装于预灌封的注射器内。
9.权利要求1-8所述的盐酸米诺环素软膏的制备方法,包括:
(1)水相制备:将氯化镁与部分的水性骨架溶剂混匀,然后加入水相骨架材料继续混匀,再加入盐酸米诺环素使溶解,最后加入剩余水性骨架溶剂混匀制得水相;
(2)油相制备:将油相骨架材料加到油性骨架溶剂中溶解制得油相;
(3)将步骤(1)制得的水相加入到步骤(2)制得的油相并混匀;
(4)用灌装设备将步骤(3)制得的物料灌装于预灌封的注射器内。
10.权利要求1-8所述的盐酸米诺环素软膏在制备药物中的应用,所述药物用于牙周病。
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