CN111772034A - 一种提高产蛋鸡蛋品质的复合益生菌剂、制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种提高产蛋鸡蛋品质的复合益生菌剂、制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高产蛋鸡蛋品质的复合益生菌剂、制备方法及应用,所述复合益生菌剂包括复合益生菌和载体,其中的复合益生菌包括4.0‑4.5×1010CFU/mL贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、4.0‑5.0×1010CFU/mL植物乳杆菌、1.0‑1.5×108CFU/mL便拟杆菌和1.0‑1.5×108CFU/mL产碱假单胞菌,载体包括砻糠粉和淀粉。与现有技术相比,本发明的复合益生菌剂不仅能够改善蛋鸡的肠道功能,还能够改善鸡蛋色泽和口感,提高蛋鸡的产蛋品质,尤其能够有效提高鸡蛋中不饱和脂肪酸ω‑3/ω‑6比例等,改善鸡蛋的营养价值,适合作为规模化养殖用饲料添加剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蛋鸡用饲料添加剂技术领域,尤其涉及一种用于提高产蛋鸡蛋品质的复合益生菌剂、制备方法及应用。
背景技术
蛋鸡规模养殖中,由于多种因素的影响,导致鸡蛋品质下降。所以如何提高养殖场的鸡蛋品质,一直成为困扰养殖场的突出问题。特别是在蛋鸡的产蛋后期,鸡蛋的蛋壳质量明显下降,主要表现在破壳蛋、软壳蛋、沙壳蛋、血斑蛋和肉斑蛋等问题。影响这些鸡蛋质量的因素很多,包括遗传因素、环境因素、疾病、营养以及应激等因素。哈夫单位(HoughUnit)是评价蛋鸡品质优劣与新鲜度的重要依据,蛋清浓稠度、蛋清中浓蛋白的比例越高,哈夫单位就越高。提高蛋鸡健康状况、饲料配制的多样性、改变日粮主要营养指标水平或日粮营养的均衡性,对鸡蛋品质改善均有一定的效果。
贝莱斯芽孢杆菌是2005年由Ruiz-Garcia等新命名的芽孢杆菌菌种,是一种革兰氏阳性杆状菌,其内生孢子是椭圆形的,位于非肿胀孢子囊的中间或下位。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌具有十种不同的抗生素合成能力,包括一些聚酮类化合物、脂肽类化合物、多肽类化合物等,是一种具有高效生防性能和植物促生活性的土壤细菌。研究表面,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌可以产生β- 葡聚糖酶和蛋白酶,目前也有大量研究以优化β-葡聚糖酶和蛋白酶的发酵条件,这些研究为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌作为动物益生菌提供了一定依据。目前,国内也有学者将贝莱斯芽孢杆菌添加进动物饲料中,试验证明贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对动物腹泻起到显著的降低作用,但贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对蛋鸡的产蛋品质的影响,目前还没有人相关报道。
鸡蛋中含有多种营养成分,尤其是蛋黄,含有丰富的卵黄磷脂蛋白和卵凝脂,还含有丰富的维生素和较高的铁、磷、硫、钙等矿物质。高品质鸡蛋的蛋黄呈菜花黄或浅橘色,由于蛋黄中的蛋白质、胆固醇、脂肪等结合较好,蛋黄十分紧密,卵黄膜不易破裂,卵黄十分浓稠,且蛋壳较厚不易碎。鸡蛋的品质与蛋鸡种类和体况息息相关,随着规模化养殖的普及,商品蛋鸡的蛋品质竞争不过土鸡,因此,如何提高产蛋鸡蛋品质,成为蛋鸡规模化养殖的技术难题。
发明内容
为了解决以上问题,本发明提出一种提高产蛋鸡蛋品质的复合益生菌剂、制备方法及应用,以利用贝莱斯芽孢杆菌开发一种新的能够提高产蛋鸡蛋品质的复合微生物添加剂。
本发明采用以下技术方案来实现:
本发明提供了一种提高产蛋鸡蛋品质的复合益生菌剂,包括复合益生菌和载体,所述复合益生菌包括4.0-4.5×1010CFU/mL贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、4.0-5.0×1010CFU/mL植物乳杆菌、 1.0-1.5×108CFU/mL便拟杆菌和1.0-1.5×108CFU/mL产碱假单胞菌,所述载体包括砻糠粉和淀粉。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案,按重量计,所述载体中砻糠粉和淀粉的比例为1:8-10。
本发明还提供了一种上述提高产蛋鸡蛋品质的复合益生菌剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)分别将贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、植物乳酸菌、便拟杆菌和产碱假单胞菌接种在LB液体培养基中进行扩大培养;
(2)将贝莱斯芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌分别扩大培养至菌落浓度为4.0-4.5×1010CFU/mL,便拟杆菌和产碱假单胞菌分别扩大培养至菌落浓度为1.0-1.5×108CFU/mL,然后将四种菌液等体积混合,获得复合益生菌的混合菌液;
(3)制备载体:将砻糠粉和淀粉按照1:8-10质量比混合;
(4)每100ml的复合益生菌中加入1-1.5kg的载体,混匀后,获得所述复合益生菌剂。
本发明还提供了一种上述复合益生菌剂在提高蛋鸡产蛋性能与蛋品质中的应用。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案,所述的蛋品质指鸡蛋中不饱和脂肪酸组成比例的优化。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明提供了一种提高产蛋鸡蛋品质的复合益生菌剂、制备方法及应用,该复合益生菌剂不仅能够改善蛋鸡的肠道功能,还能够改善鸡蛋色泽和口感,提高蛋鸡的产蛋品质,尤其是能够降低鸡蛋中不饱和脂肪酸ω-3/ω-6比例,改善鸡蛋的营养价值,适合作为规模化养殖用饲料添加剂。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种提高产蛋鸡蛋品质的复合益生菌剂,包括复合益生菌和载体,该复合益生菌剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)分别将贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、植物乳酸菌、便拟杆菌和产碱假单胞菌活化后,接种在 LB液体培养基中进行扩大培养;
(2)将贝莱斯芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌分别扩大培养至菌落浓度为4.0×1010CFU/mL,便拟杆菌和产碱假单胞菌分别扩大培养至菌落浓度为1.0×108CFU/mL,然后将四种菌液等体积混合,获得复合益生菌的混合菌液;
(3)制备载体:将砻糠粉和淀粉按照1:8质量比混合;
(4)每100ml的复合益生菌中加入1kg的载体,混匀后,获得所述复合益生菌剂。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种提高产蛋鸡蛋品质的复合益生菌剂,包括复合益生菌和载体,该复合益生菌剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)分别将贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、植物乳酸菌、便拟杆菌和产碱假单胞菌接种在LB液体培养基中进行扩大培养;
(2)将贝莱斯芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌分别扩大培养至菌落浓度为4.5×1010CFU/mL,便拟杆菌和产碱假单胞菌分别扩大培养至菌落浓度为1.5×108CFU/mL,然后将四种菌液等体积混合,获得复合益生菌的混合菌液;
(3)制备载体:将砻糠粉和淀粉按照1:10质量比混合;
(4)每100ml的复合益生菌中加入1.5kg的载体,混匀后,获得所述复合益生菌剂。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种提高产蛋鸡蛋品质的复合益生菌剂,包括复合益生菌和载体,该复合益生菌剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)分别将贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、植物乳酸菌、便拟杆菌和产碱假单胞菌接种在LB液体培养基中进行扩大培养;
(2)将贝莱斯芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌分别扩大培养至菌落浓度为4.2×1010CFU/mL,便拟杆菌和产碱假单胞菌分别扩大培养至菌落浓度为1.2×108CFU/mL,然后将四种菌液等体积混合,获得复合益生菌的混合菌液;
(3)制备载体:将砻糠粉和淀粉按照1:9质量比混合;
(4)每100ml的复合益生菌中加入1.2kg的载体,混匀后,获得所述复合益生菌剂。
对比例1
本实施例提供了一种益生菌剂,包括贝莱斯芽孢杆菌和载体,该益生菌剂的制备方法为:将贝莱斯芽孢杆菌活化后接种在LB液体培养基中扩大培养至菌落浓度为4.2×1010CFU/mL,然后每100ml的复合益生菌中加入1.2kg的实施例3的载体,混匀后,获得一种益生菌剂。
对比例2
本实施例提供了一种复合益生菌剂,包括复合益生菌和载体,所述复合益生菌为菌落浓度为4.2×1010CFU/mL贝莱斯芽孢杆菌与菌落浓度为4.2×1010CFU/mL植物乳杆菌按照1:1等体积混合制得,所述载体及其它步骤同实施例3。
对比例3
本实施例提供了一种复合益生菌剂,包括复合益生菌和载体,所述复合益生菌为菌落浓度为4.2×1010CFU/mL贝莱斯芽孢杆菌与菌落浓度为1.2×108CFU/mL便拟杆菌按照1:1等体积混合制得,所述载体及其它步骤同实施例3。
对比例4
本实施例提供了一种复合益生菌剂,包括复合益生菌和载体,所述复合益生菌为菌落浓度为4.2×1010CFU/mL贝莱斯芽孢杆菌与菌落浓度为1.2×108CFU/mL产碱假单胞菌按照1:1 等体积混合制得,所述载体及其它步骤同实施例3。
试验例
为验证上述复合益生菌剂对蛋鸡生产性能的影响,选取安徽省畜牧兽医研究所生产的 240只49周龄健康、体重相近的海兰褐鸡,随机分成8组,每组30只。将蛋鸡饲养在三层饲养笼中,每笼10只,为避免污染,在相同的管理条件下将笼子分开放。
将实施例1-3,对比例1-4的复合益生菌剂分别按照1×1010cfu/kg添加量拌入蛋鸡的基础日粮(基础日粮的组分及其质量百分比为:黄玉米59%,豆粕27.5%,石灰石粉8.5%,预混料5%,基础日粮中的粗蛋白含量为16%质量比,代谢能为2556.0Kcal/Kg)中,其中第1-7 组蛋鸡分别用拌入实施例1-3、对比例1-4的复合益生菌剂的基础日粮饲喂,第8组作为对照组,用未拌入复合益生菌剂的基础日粮进行饲喂。每天上午7点和下午2点定量喂养2次,共42天,每天观察蛋鸡的健康状况、饲养和饮水情况。
每天下午2点采集一次鸡蛋,记录产蛋量、蛋重、饲料消耗等数据,试验期分为两个阶段,第一阶段为第2-21天,第二阶段为第22-42天,根据喂养时间检查生产参数,计算平均产蛋率、平均蛋重、日平均采食量、饲料转化率。
在第一阶段和第二阶段的最后一天(第21、42天),从每组中收集30个鸡蛋,测定鸡蛋质量指数,包括蛋壳强度,将鸡蛋打碎,蛋清蛋黄分离,测定蛋黄重量、蛋黄颜色、蛋壳重量、蛋白高度、哈氏单位,以及蛋黄中甘油三酯、总胆固醇、ω-3和ω-6的含量。其中蛋壳强度采用三型蛋壳测力仪,蛋黄重量、蛋黄颜色、蛋壳重量、蛋白高度和哈氏单位采用日本EMT-5200自动测蛋仪测定,甘油三脂采用甘油三酯酶偶联比色法测定试剂盒测定,总胆固醇采用总胆固醇试剂盒测定,ω-3和ω-6采用气相色谱法测定。
结果如下表1-5所示:
表1:复合益生菌剂对蛋鸡生产性能的影响
组别 | 平均产蛋率(%) | 平均蛋重(g) | 日平均采食量(g) | 料蛋比(%) |
实施例1 | 83.212 | 62.213 | 113.930 | 2.330 |
实施例2 | 82.532 | 61.526 | 114.050 | 2.288 |
实施例3 | 82.743 | 60.986 | 114.245 | 2.356 |
对比例1 | 80.805 | 60.345 | 112.522 | 2.321 |
对比例2 | 81.910 | 59.956 | 113.043 | 2.340 |
对比例3 | 80.820 | 59.787 | 113.571 | 2.374 |
对比例4 | 80.796 | 62.012 | 112.762 | 2.293 |
对照组 | 78.867 | 61.910 | 110.678 | 2.302 |
如表1所示,与对照组相比,实施例1-3,对比例1-4的平均产蛋率都有显著提高,日平均采食量也显著增加。
表2:第一阶段鸡蛋质量指数检测结果
如表2所示,在第一阶段,实施例1-3,对比例1-4与对照组相比,蛋壳强度和蛋壳重量都有所下降,但蛋黄重量、蛋黄颜色、蛋白高度和哈氏单位都有显著提高,尤其是贝莱斯芽孢杆菌与植物乳酸菌的组合,效果优于贝莱斯芽孢杆菌与其它单菌种的组合。
表3:第二阶段鸡蛋质量指数检测结果
如表3所示,在第二阶段,实施例1-3,对比例1-4与对照组相比,蛋壳强度有所增大,但蛋壳重量下降,第二阶段蛋黄重量有所下降,但蛋黄颜色、蛋白高度和哈氏单位都有显著提高,尤其是贝莱斯芽孢杆菌与植物乳酸菌的组合,效果优于贝莱斯芽孢杆菌与其它单菌种的组合。
表4:第一阶段鸡蛋营养指数检测结果
组别 | 甘油三酯(mg/g) | 总胆固醇(mg/g) | ω-3(mg/g) | ω-6(mg/g) | ω-3/ω-6 |
实施例1 | 145.285 | 16.852 | 2.080 | 27.586 | 0.075 |
实施例2 | 142.657 | 17.134 | 2.132 | 28.254 | 0.076 |
实施例3 | 150.011 | 17.256 | 1.952 | 25.792 | 0.076 |
对比例1 | 136.104 | 17.177 | 2.325 | 34.201 | 0.068 |
对比例2 | 139.580 | 16.965 | 2.147 | 29.589 | 0.073 |
对比例3 | 141.235 | 17.438 | 2.355 | 33.947 | 0.069 |
对比例4 | 138.750 | 17.695 | 2.276 | 31.510 | 0.072 |
对照组 | 79.455 | 17.736 | 2.053 | 34.561 | 0.059 |
如表4所示,在第一阶段,实施例1-3、对比例1-4与对照组相比,甘油三酯的含量显著提高,总胆固醇的含量与对照组相比差异不显著,ω-3的差异不显著,而ω-6的含量降低,ω-3/ω-6比值升高。
表5:第二阶段鸡蛋营养指数检测结果
组别 | 甘油三酯(mg/g) | 总胆固醇(mg/g) | ω-3(mg/g) | ω-6(mg/g) | ω-3/ω-6 |
实施例1 | 265.750 | 24.573 | 3.956 | 35.075 | 0.113 |
实施例2 | 286.548 | 25.698 | 3.587 | 32.140 | 0.112 |
实施例3 | 295.748 | 25.140 | 3.669 | 33.685 | 0.109 |
对比例1 | 278.300 | 25.317 | 3.280 | 39.684 | 0.083 |
对比例2 | 265.170 | 24.320 | 3.521 | 34.747 | 0.101 |
对比例3 | 287.414 | 25.855 | 3.307 | 37.590 | 0.088 |
对比例4 | 290.503 | 25.690 | 3.325 | 35.520 | 0.094 |
对照组 | 287.995 | 25.751 | 3.245 | 42.785 | 0.076 |
如表5所示,在第二阶段,实施例1-3,对比例1-4与对照组相比,甘油三酯的与总胆固醇的含量与对照组相比差异不显著,但ω-3的含量显著提升,ω-6的含量显著降低,且第二阶段相比较第一阶段,ω-3的含量提升显著,ω-6含量虽然也有一定增高,但ω-3/ω-6比值提升明显,说明长期添加本发明复合微生态制剂,能够有效改善蛋鸡营养结构,尤其对ω-3/ω-6比值的调整有显著改善。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (5)
1.一种提高产蛋鸡蛋品质的复合益生菌剂,包括复合益生菌和载体,其特征在于,所述复合益生菌包括4.0-4.5×1010CFU/mL贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、4.0-5.0×1010CFU/mL植物乳杆菌、1.0-1.5×108CFU/mL便拟杆菌和1.0-1.5×108CFU/mL产碱假单胞菌,所述载体包括砻糠粉和淀粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高产蛋鸡蛋品质的复合益生菌剂,其特征在于,按重量计,所述载体中砻糠粉和淀粉的比例为1:8-10。
3.一种如权利要求1-2任一所述的提高产蛋鸡蛋品质的复合益生菌剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)分别将贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、植物乳酸菌、便拟杆菌和产碱假单胞菌接种在LB液体培养基中进行扩大培养;
(2)将贝莱斯芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌分别扩大培养至菌落浓度为4.0-4.5×1010CFU/mL,便拟杆菌和产碱假单胞菌分别扩大培养至菌落浓度为1.0-1.5×108CFU/mL,然后将四种菌液等体积混合,获得复合益生菌的混合菌液;
(3)制备载体:将砻糠粉和淀粉按照1:8-10质量比混合;
(4)每100ml的复合益生菌中加入1-1.5kg的载体,混匀后,获得所述复合益生菌剂。
4.一种如权利要求1-2任一所述的复合益生菌剂在提高蛋鸡产蛋性能与蛋品质中的应用。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种复合益生菌剂在提高蛋鸡产蛋性能与蛋品质中的应用,其特征在于,所述的蛋品质指鸡蛋中不饱和脂肪酸组成比例的优化。
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