CN111771791A - 一种稻田生态养殖小龙虾的方法 - Google Patents
一种稻田生态养殖小龙虾的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111771791A CN111771791A CN202010685963.5A CN202010685963A CN111771791A CN 111771791 A CN111771791 A CN 111771791A CN 202010685963 A CN202010685963 A CN 202010685963A CN 111771791 A CN111771791 A CN 111771791A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- rice
- field
- rice field
- crayfish
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title abstract description 86
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000010855 food raising agent Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 241001113556 Elodea Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000555922 Potamogeton crispus Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003124 biologic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000031068 symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000207740 Lemna minor Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006439 Lemna minor Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-N-methylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound CN(CCC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)CC=C GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000001855 Portulaca oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000877 Sex Attractant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- VXSIXFKKSNGRRO-MXOVTSAMSA-N [(1s)-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2z)-penta-2,4-dienyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl] (1r,3r)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate;[(1s)-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2z)-penta-2,4-dienyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl] (1r,3r)-3-[(e)-3-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxoprop-1-enyl Chemical class CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(C)C)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H]1C(C)=C(C\C=C/C=C)C(=O)C1.CC1(C)[C@H](/C=C(\C)C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H]1C(C)=C(C\C=C/C=C)C(=O)C1 VXSIXFKKSNGRRO-MXOVTSAMSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000238565 lobster Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- HYJYGLGUBUDSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrethrin Natural products CCC(=O)OC1CC(=C)C2CC3OC3(C)C2C2OC(=O)C(=C)C12 HYJYGLGUBUDSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940070846 pyrethrins Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002728 pyrethroid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims 21
- 244000052355 Hydrilla verticillata Species 0.000 claims 1
- 244000297694 fish poison bean Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 6
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 5
- 241001247197 Cephalocarida Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000700141 Rotifera Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 5
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000498251 Hydrilla Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000252234 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000236458 Panicum colonum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015225 Panicum colonum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001123263 Zostera Species 0.000 description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036737 immune function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- MUKYLHIZBOASDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[carbamimidoyl(methyl)amino]acetic acid 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid Chemical compound NC(=N)N(C)CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O MUKYLHIZBOASDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000026873 Alternanthera philoxeroides Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UPEZCKBFRMILAV-JNEQICEOSA-N Ecdysone Natural products O=C1[C@H]2[C@@](C)([C@@H]3C([C@@]4(O)[C@@](C)([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O)CCC(O)(C)C)C)CC4)CC3)=C1)C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C2 UPEZCKBFRMILAV-JNEQICEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000004232 Enteritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010064851 Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000159213 Zygophyllaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- UPEZCKBFRMILAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Ecdysone Natural products C1C(O)C(O)CC2(C)C(CCC3(C(C(C(O)CCC(C)(C)O)C)CCC33O)C)C3=CC(=O)C21 UPEZCKBFRMILAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000433 anti-nutritional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003501 co-culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- UPEZCKBFRMILAV-JMZLNJERSA-N ecdysone Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@@H](CC[C@@]3([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O)CCC(C)(C)O)C)CC[C@]33O)C)C3=CC(=O)[C@@H]21 UPEZCKBFRMILAV-JMZLNJERSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004877 mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021118 plant-derived protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009165 saligot Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
- C02F3/325—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae as symbiotic combination of algae and bacteria
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
一种稻田生态养殖小龙虾的方法,包括:稻田选址;田沟改造;进排水设置;防逃防涝;清田消毒;施肥;种草;放螺;虾苗选择;放养密度;放养;水稻品种选择;栽种方法;小龙虾投喂:亲虾、虾种投喂发酵配合饲料为主,配料为大豆饼30kg、玉米粉15 kg、小麦粉6 kg、麦麸10 kg、油糠8kg、鱼粉25kg、碳酸钙3kg、黏合剂2kg、磷酸二氢钾0.5kg、食盐0.5kg、红糖5kg、强微靓水素250g和强微豆粕发酵剂250g,水15‑20kg;水质调节;水草管理;水稻管理;捕捞。本发明构建起完整的生态化养殖体系,真正实现保粮增收,减少杂草和病虫害,同时可降低小龙虾发病率,提高成活率,增大规格,并达到绿色食品标准。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种小龙虾的养殖方法,尤其是一种稻田生态养殖小龙虾的方法,属于水产养殖技术领域。
背景技术
近年来,随着我国农村土地流转政策不断明确,农业产业化步伐加快,国家大力发展稻田产业化、规模化经营,推进了新一轮稻田综合种养的创新和发展,全国上下掀起新一轮稻田综合种养浪潮。目前我国稻田综合种养以稻田养殖小龙虾为主,养殖面积在逐年大幅增加,但是从事稻虾种养企业(合作社)专业化水平较低、养殖技术不精,人燥、心急想挣钱,准备不足、仓促上马导致部分单位产量低、效益差等问题,养殖整体水平有待进一步提高,养成的小龙虾个体小、病害多、色泽差。养殖企业(合作社)为了追求产量和效益最大化,将稻田环沟挖的过宽,稻田面积和环沟面积比严重失调,基本演变成高密度精养模式,还有的虾不进田,基本失去了稻虾综合种养的意义。另外很多养殖企业为了节约成本,购买低廉的小龙虾的专用饲料,这种饲料适口性差,利用率低,残饵败坏水质,小龙虾会出现蜕壳激素和酶类分泌紊乱现象,导致蜕壳不隧甚至死亡现象,也是导致稻田养殖小龙虾效益的不高主要的因素。
目前,稻田养殖小龙虾有两种模式:一种是将亲虾直接放在稻田虾沟内,让其自然繁殖,第二年进行养殖。这种养殖模式的缺点在于如果3月苗种规格仅达到1cm,小龙虾的成虾上市晚,高温季节尚有大量虾未能达到上市规格,捕捞难度加大,病害也较多,导致最终的产量和效益不稳定。因此,8月份将亲虾直接放在稻田虾沟内,让其自然繁殖,尽早开展繁育工作,实现早春有大规格苗种,提早大规格商品虾上市,是整个养殖中的关键环节。另外一种模式是直接从市场收购或者人工繁育虾苗进行放养,一般这种模式新开挖的稻田比较常见,弊端在于购买的虾苗不是同一批次,生长规格参差不齐;幼虾在运输过程中体表有不同程度的损伤,成活率低,导致部分养殖户养殖风险大,养殖效益低,养殖积极性不高。
综上,现有的各种稻虾共作生态养殖方法,其养殖方式较为简单,本质上来说,都只是两者的简单结合养殖,并没有细致深入地针对稻田种植、小龙虾养殖的各自生态特性和生长需求,解决养殖过程中的各种问题,更没能真正地构建并维持起互补共生的生态环境,达到“稻养虾,虾养稻”的生态健康养殖目的。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的上述不足,本发明提供一种稻田生态养殖小龙虾的方法,该方法是根据稻田养殖小龙虾共生原理,全方位地精细化地优化养殖的方法步骤,构建起真正的生态化养殖体系;真正能实现保粮增收,减少水稻杂草和病虫害,同时可降低小龙虾发病率,提高成活率,提早商品龙虾的上市时间,增大商品龙虾的规格,错时销售,提升龙虾的价格,大大增加经济效益。
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是:按照如下步骤进行:
1)稻田选址;
2)田沟改造:在稻田四周开挖环沟,环沟面积不超过稻田面积的10%;
3)进排水设置;
4)防逃防涝;
5)清田消毒;
6)施肥;
7)种草:构建动物、植物、微生物循环共生的水体生物生态系统:一月初种植伊乐藻和菹草;清明前后撒上轮叶黑藻、苦草,同时在水面上移养适量的浮萍、水花生;
8)虾苗选择;
9)放养密度:8月中旬投放或自留亲虾15Kg/亩,规格35-50g/尾;
10)水稻品种选择;
11)栽种方法;
12)小龙虾投喂:虾苗以浮游动物、底栖动物、各种昆虫、杂草嫩芽为食;亲虾、虾种投喂发酵配合饲料为主,同时搭配麦芽、螺蛳、杂鱼和黄豆,日投喂量为龙虾群体重量的5-8%;其中,发酵配合饲料配方为大豆饼30kg、玉米粉15 kg、小麦粉6 kg 、麦麸10 kg、油糠8kg、鱼粉25kg、碳酸钙3kg、黏合剂2kg、磷酸二氢钾0.5kg、食盐0.5kg、红糖5kg、强微靓水素250g和强微豆粕发酵剂250g,再加水15-20kg;制备方法是将配料放入饲料机搅拌,饲料干湿程度达到既能成团又能散开即可,搅拌均匀后在温度20℃时密封发酵4天后,PH值达到4即可投喂;
13)水质调节:初春时期田水保持水深10-15cm,增加水温,促进小龙虾摄食、活动;随着小龙虾不断地生长逐渐加深水位,四月上旬水位在30cm左右,四月中旬将水深漫至稻田,5月底6月初降低水位,使龙虾回到回形沟中,捕大留小并整田插秧;
14)水草管理;
15)水稻管理:在稻田施肥方面,不需要施肥,如确需施肥,要施复合肥并控制施用量,不能将肥料直接撒入环形沟内;在病害防治方面,水稻病虫害结合杀虫灯、性诱剂进行防治,能不用药时坚决不用药,需要用药时选用高效低毒的无公害农药和生物制剂,避免使用含菊酯类和有机磷类的杀虫剂;
16)捕捞。
相比现有技术,本发明的一种稻田生态养殖小龙虾的方法,养殖步骤较多,全方位地细化和深入管理,特别是在种草和小龙虾投喂等方面,整个饲养过程营造并保持了良好的生态环境,从而在水稻和小龙虾的产量和品质方面双赢。真正能实现“一水两用、一田双收”的优势,既能有效促进粮食生产、农渔民增收,又减少水稻杂草和病虫害,同时可降低小龙虾发病率,提高成活率,提早了商品龙虾的上市时间,增大了商品龙虾的规格,错时销售,提升了龙虾的价格,增加了单位收入,发挥了发挥巨大的生态效益。
在小龙虾方面的体现:1)运用科学的种草方法,保持水草多样性、层次性、阶段性、季节性,根据水草的不同特性分不同的阶段、不同的季节种植以沉水植物为主,挺水植物、浮水植物为辅,打造水体生物系统多样性,促进水体有益微生物的繁殖,抑制水体有害藻类的释放物,创建一个可循环共生的生态系统,为小龙虾的生长创造一个良好的生态健康环境。伊乐藻、菹草适应能力极强,菹草秋季发芽,冬春季生长,伊乐藻耐低温气温在5℃即可生长,当其他水草还没发芽伊乐藻已经长大,为稻虾轮作模式小龙虾提供适口的植物性饵料。轮叶黑藻、苦草最大的优点是抗高温,水温22-32℃适宜生长,与伊乐藻、菹草形成优势互补,为小龙虾不同的生长阶段营造良好的生态环境。2)稻田和环沟内放螺也是小龙虾养殖过程中的关键措施之一。螺蛳具有价格低,来源广,肉质鲜美,营养丰富,利用率高,繁殖力强的优势,是小龙虾重要的天然动物性饵料来源。螺蛳作为底栖性生物能及时清除底部残饵粪便、改善稻田底质、防止底部细菌滋生,同时在养殖中后期可在一定程度上预防龙虾夹草的发生率。在养殖过程中,螺蛳是小龙虾适口的天然动物性饵料,同时螺蛳壳也是一种矿物质饵料, 可提供大量钙质。运用科学的放螺方法,既能及时清除底部残饵粪便、改善稻田底质、防止底部细菌滋生,同时又解决了小龙虾养殖过程中蜕壳难,蜕壳后快速硬壳的问题,加快了小龙虾的脱壳过程,促进小龙虾生长,增强了小龙虾的品质(青壳虾居多),加大了小龙虾的上市规格,增加了小龙虾的产量,降低了养殖成本,提高了经济效益。3)本发明自制发酵配合饲料在养殖过程中具有改良底质,嫩水爽水,降氨氮,降PH值,抑制水体“有害细菌”的作用;并能有效促进小龙虾脱壳后快速硬壳,增加小龙虾蜕壳的成活率,降低了病害的发生,养殖出的小龙虾离岸活力强、品质好(青壳虾较多)、规格大、肉质紧凑。
在水稻方面的体现:运用种草、放螺、利用生物制剂、自制发酵配合饲料防病等多种防控措施,与同等条件下水稻单作对比,单位面积纯收入平均提高50%以上;减少化肥使用量40%以上,减少农药使用量60%以上,既增加了收入又有效维护了生态环境。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明的一种稻田生态养殖小龙虾的方法,包括如下的操作步骤:
1、稻田选址:养虾的稻田一般选在交通便利、水源充足地势低、保水、保肥性好、进排灌方便,水源充足的地方。水质要求清新无污染,符合国家颁布的渔业用水淡水水质标准,一般多为河水或者湖水。稻田面积一般在40-50亩为宜。
2、田沟改造:在稻田四周开挖环沟筑副梗,开挖环沟所挖出的土主要用于加高、加固田埂,田埂要保证不裂、不漏、不坍塌。以50亩稻田为例,环沟截面为梯形,上口宽4-5m,底宽1.5-2.5m,深1.2m,坡比1:1.5,田埂宽1.5m,埂高1m。所挖环沟面积不超过稻田面积的10%,畦面不开“十”字沟和“井”字沟,开挖时要预留机械通道,确保埂上能行机械,沟里能行小船,便于机械化操作。环沟面积不超过稻田面积的10%的原因是在稳粮的前提下,发挥水稻和龙虾共生互利的作用,从而获得有机水稻和有机龙虾双丰收,促进了农业增效、农(渔)民增收,并对缓解当前资源环境压力,促进生态文明建设发展,推动农业供给侧结构性改革和实施。
3、进排水设置:进排水口要分开,在稻田对角处设置进排水口,进水口到出水口方向落差比为3%。进排水设施均需做好防逃,以不逃虾、不阻水为原则,建好的进排水渠要定期修整,保证灌得进、排的出。
4、防逃设施:小龙虾具有较强的攀爬逃逸的能力,养殖时要特别注意防逃设施的安装。在田埂四周设置防逃设施。设置方法为:田埂上每隔1.5-2米用木桩或竹竿固定,木桩或竹竿两端设置聚乙烯网片等防逃设施,高40-50厘米,田块拐角处呈圆弧形,接头处光滑且不留缝隙。
5、清田消毒:放养天前每亩稻田的环沟内用50kg生石灰化开全池泼洒,消灭野杂鱼类、敌害生物及有害细菌。
6、施肥:放苗前7-10天,向田中注水40-60cm,在田间及环沟内施有机肥200kg-300kg/亩,一次施足。施肥后一部分腐烂的有机肥料,可被小龙虾当做饵料直接摄食;另一部分微生物大量繁殖,有机碎屑大量增加,也为小龙虾提供了丰富的饵料资源。
7、种草:“养虾先养草”,水草的种类、搭配、种植方法是小龙虾养殖成功与否的关键措施。为了保持水草也要有多样性,层次性,本方法中根据水草的特性分不同的阶段种植以沉水植物为主,挺水植物、浮水植物为辅构建水体生物系统多样性,促进水体有益微生物的繁殖,抑制水体有害藻类的释放物,打造一个动物、植物、微生物循环共生的生态系统。根据水草的特性,选择2-3个优势种,避免单一,发挥各种水草的优点,确保小龙虾不同的生长阶段都有适宜的水草,发明了一种科学种草方法。本方法如下:根据伊乐藻、菹草耐低温、适口性好的特性,一月初种植伊乐藻和菹草,成为早期虾田的理想水生物。轮叶黑藻、苦草能喜高温、虾喜食、不易破坏等特点可成为中后期主打品种。清明前后撒上轮叶黑藻、苦草,同时在水面上移养适量的浮萍、水花生,水草以零星分布为宜。向田中移植或者栽培水草需消毒,一般使用3%的食盐水浸泡5-10分钟消毒。春季期水草面积不超过40%,夏季保持水草面积不超过环沟的60%。
8、放螺:投放螺蛳一方面可以净化水质,另一方面可以作为龙虾的动物性饵料,吃剩的螺蛳留下的壳还可以为水体提供一定的钙质,促进小龙虾生长蜕壳。放螺的方法是:养殖过程中分2次放养,一般选择3月中下旬,每亩投放60kg螺蛳。8月下旬第二次放养,每亩投放100kg。螺蛳下塘前用4-5%的食盐水消毒5分钟,并均匀撒在稻田的各个角落,避免将一袋倒在螺蛳一个角落或一个点,造成大量沉在底部的螺蛳因缺氧而死 亡水质造成污染。
9、亲虾的选择:要选择活力强、体表光洁艳丽、肢体完整、体质健壮、规格整齐,生命力强的的龙虾作为亲本。
10、放养密度:投放或自留成虾15Kg/亩左右,规格35-50g/尾。雌雄比例5:2。
11、放养:放养前用3%的食盐水浸泡消毒,投放时选择稻田斜坡或者田面上水草多、茂盛的地方,分点投放,一般把虾筐侧放,让虾苗自行爬出筐外,虾苗投放要细致、快速、不伤虾。
12、亲虾培育: ①亲虾投放要早常温条件下要实现小龙虾的提早育苗,关键是在于提早获得抱卵虾,在依靠尚处于高位的自然温度,小龙虾的受精卵即可于秋季孵化成仔虾,因此小龙虾的亲虾应提前培育,亲虾要求体重35-50g/尾,体色暗红,附肢健全,活动能力强。②保持环沟内水位稳定亲虾经过一段时间培育后,会陆续打洞产卵,此时的温度一般在24-28℃,亲虾仍会出洞觅食,良好的环境加上较高的水温,受精卵会在10天左右孵化出仔虾。为了满足龙虾亲虾的生活需要,环沟内的水要保持在60-80cm,保证既不能低于正常水位线引起抱卵虾提前穴居,也不能超过正常水位线,甚至淹没洞穴,使龙虾重新打洞从而影响雌虾的正常产卵。小龙虾打洞期刚好是水稻灌浆期,环沟内的水位不超过副埂为宜。
13、虾苗繁育:虾苗繁育在稻田环沟内进行,受精卵一般于9月中下旬孵化出仔虾,小龙虾有护幼的习性,仔虾在脱膜后不会立即离开母体,一般会附着在母体的游泳足上,出苗后5-7天方可离开母体独立生活。小龙虾幼虾脱离母体时体长只有9-12mm,对外界的抵抗能力差,容易死亡。当发现有90%的抱卵虾已经没有幼体附着时应及时将亲虾捕捞上市,进行培育。
14、培育虾苗的日常管理工作每天坚持巡塘,当发现水体中有大量的仔虾时,应及时捕捞产后的亲虾同时立即开展幼虾培育工作。此时的温度非常适宜仔虾的生长,应适当降低水位20-30cm,提高水温,同时加强饵料投喂。每周可加注新水2-3次,促使幼体生长、蜕壳。加强管理,确保10月中下旬完成小龙虾苗种的培育,使幼虾规格达到2-3cm,为第二年春天提供大规格虾种,提早上市做好准备。
15、幼虾喂养:幼虾出苗前要培肥水质,保证水中的饵料生物含量为15-20个/ml。刚开始投喂时以轮虫、枝角类幼虫等浮游动物为主,投喂的轮虫或者枝角类幼虫如果是池塘培养的,要用40目的筛绢网过滤,过滤后用2-3%的食盐水消毒再投喂,每天投喂4-5次,保证水中饵料生物含量;也可投喂豆浆;喂养5-7天后,可以改投自制发酵配合饲料。投喂量为早期每万尾龙虾0.2-0.3kg,后期的投喂量为体重的5%-8%。投喂时坚持“四定”原则,根据虾苗的活动情况、水温、水质、天气等灵活掌握每天的投喂量。
16、水稻品种选择:水稻品种选择分蘖能力强、叶片开张角度小,根系发达、茎秆粗壮、抗病抗虫抗倒伏的品种。
17、栽种方法:用插秧机插秧,浅播种,株距20cm,行距30cm,每亩栽种秧苗1.1万株左右。
18、小龙虾投喂:前期虾苗以浮游动物、底栖动物、各种昆虫、杂草嫩芽为食;中后期投喂发酵配合饲料为主,同时搭配麦芽、螺蛳、杂鱼、黄豆等,日投喂量为龙虾群体重量的5-8%。
19、自制发酵配合饲料制作的方法:配方如下,大豆饼30kg、玉米粉15 kg、小麦粉6kg 、麦麸10 kg、油糠8kg、鱼粉25kg、碳酸钙3kg、黏合剂2kg、磷酸二氢钾0.5kg、食盐0.5kg、红糖5kg、强微靓水素250g和强微豆粕发酵剂250g,再加水15-20kg;放入饲料机搅拌,饲料干湿程度达到既能成团又能散开即可,搅拌均匀后,在温度20℃时密封发酵3-4天后,PH值达到4左右即可投喂。投喂前用软颗粒机械,将发酵饲料挤压成条状软颗粒,可减少饵料在水中的损失。
20、水质调节:按“春浅、夏满、秋适中”的方法调节水位,稻田水位调节是稻田养虾过程中的重要环节,应以水稻为主,兼顾小龙虾的生长要求,按照“浅-深-浅-深-浅”的原则管理水位。初春时田水宜浅,保持水深10-15cm在,增加水温,促进小龙虾摄食、活动。随着小龙虾不断地生长逐渐加深水位,四月上旬水位在30cm左右,四月中旬可将水深漫至稻田,增加小龙虾的活动空间,促进小龙虾生长。5月底6月初降低水位,使龙虾回到回形沟中,捕大留小并整田插秧。保持透明度25-40cm,环沟内投放规格为100g/尾的花白鲢150尾/亩,15-20天施一次生石灰,水深1米用量10-15kg/亩。
21、水草管理:“虾多少,看水草”,水草不仅可以净化水质,增加溶氧,遮阳降温,同时为小龙虾提供适口的植物性饵料,而且可为小龙虾安全脱壳提供场所和适宜的生态环境。这对提高小龙虾的商品规格、品质、产量、效益都具有十分重要的作用,也是小龙虾养殖中不可缺少的部分。养殖前期2-4月份保持水草粗壮、有活力、旺盛、洁爽。三月底四月初伊乐藻生长旺季每亩追施复合肥2-3kg,以免导致水质矿化造成烂草、烂草根或导致水肥过浓、水草死亡等现象。养殖中后期要保持水草的高度及定期维护水质,水质要求“肥、活、嫩、爽”。六月上旬,为了防止伊乐藻、菹草疯长腐烂败坏水质,缓慢加深水位,将草头没入水面30cm以下或者及时割除草头和适当清除伊乐藻、菹草。养殖前期水草面积不超过环沟的40%,中后期保持水草面积不超过环沟的60%。
22、水稻管理:①田间水位控制:抛秧5天内,水位保持8-10cm。7天后,水位保持在10-15cm。2个月后,水位逐渐加到20-25cm。抽穗期过后,水位降低到20cm以下。灌浆期采取湿润灌溉,保持田面干干湿湿至黄熟期。收割稻穗后稻田水位保持50-60cm。
②稻田施肥:稻田养殖小龙虾,由于施足基肥和小龙虾新陈代谢物、残余饲料等作为肥料,水稻生长一般不需要施肥。如确需施肥,应施复合肥并控制施用量,切不可将肥料直接撒入环形沟内。
③病害防治:稻田养殖小龙虾,水稻病虫害大大减少,结合杀虫灯、性诱剂等能取得很好的防治效果。稻田养虾用药的原则是能不用药时坚决不用药,需要用药时选用高效低毒的无公害农药和生物制剂,避免使用含菊酯类和有机磷类的杀虫剂。施药时应严格把控施药浓度。喷雾水剂一般在早上进行,均匀的喷洒于叶面上。
④巡田管理:坚持每天巡田,检查田埂是否有漏洞或者坍塌,进排水口拦网是否破损,观察小龙虾的摄食情况。暴雨时,要防止水漫埂田或者有工业有毒污水和农药的流入,造成小龙虾的外逃或者死虾现象发生。
⑤晒田:晒田前清理田面,保持环沟水深60-70cm。轻晒短晒,晒到田块不陷脚,田面发白。
23、捕捞:5月份开始用地笼捕捞,捕大留小,规格达到30g以上的龙虾上市,小规格的放回水体继续养殖。9月下旬十月上旬进行第二次捕捞,将产卵后的亲虾捕捞上市,培育仔虾。
本发明的一种稻田生态养殖小龙虾的方法,充分利用自然资源,挖掘稻田生产潜力,严格按照《稻渔综合种养技术规范》国家标准开挖稻田,保证水稻面积,达到保粮增收的目的。特别是,本发明自制发酵配合饲料的配方。配方中提及的“强微豆粕发酵剂”发酵豆粕可以彻底去除了大豆抗原和抗营养因子,发酵豆粕含有乳酸菌等益生菌,抑制有害细菌并酸化肠道,可以通过肠道粘膜直接吸收,提高植物蛋白的利用率,增加饵料利用率;“强微靓水素”具有吸收同化氨氮和硝酸盐,分解水体有机悬浮物,从而可缓解水体富营养化,保持水质“肥活嫩爽”的作用;使用“强微豆粕发酵剂”、“强微靓水素”在这两种生物制剂自制发酵配合饲料适口性好、易于消化、大大降低了患肠炎的风险、能有效的帮助小龙虾蜕壳之后迅速硬壳,饵料利用率高,养殖出的小龙虾离岸活力强、品质好(青壳虾较多)、规格大、肉质紧凑,提高了经济效益。在饲料中加入红糖,一方面红糖中所含有的葡萄糖、果糖等多种单糖和多糖类能量物质,有效的补充了龙虾生长所需的能量,促进新陈代谢,增加了龙虾的免疫功能,预防疾病的发生,降低发病率及和死亡率。另一方面红糖中含丰富的碳,碳是澡类的营养来源,能促进藻类以及微生物的繁殖,为龙虾生长提供良好的水体环境。综上所述,在自制配合饲料中加入红糖既有利于促进龙虾的生长,提高龙虾的免疫功能,又有利于稳定水质,促进藻类以及微生物的繁殖,从而促进小龙虾的生长、增大龙虾的规格、提高了养殖效益。
以上方法在睢宁县官山镇戈崇义特种水产养殖专业合作社进行试验和应用,亩产小龙虾131kg、亩产无公害水稻503kg,亩利润7000元,该实验基地年利润可达230万。辐射带动了周边农户自觉自发的开展稻渔综合种养模式,使得稻渔综合种养面积迅速扩大,目前辐射周边农户100余户,养殖面积5000余亩,产生了巨大的规模效益、经济效益和生态效益,具有很好的发展潜力。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制,凡是依据本发明的技术实质,对以上实施例所做出任何简单修改和同等变化,均落入本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种稻田生态养殖小龙虾的方法,其特征是,按照如下步骤进行:
1)稻田选址;
2)田沟改造:在稻田四周开挖环沟,环沟面积不超过稻田面积的10%;
3)进排水设置;
4)防逃防涝;
5)清田消毒;
6)施肥;
7)种草:构建动物、植物、微生物循环共生的水体生物生态系统:一月初种植伊乐藻和菹草;清明前后撒上轮叶黑藻、苦草,同时在水面上移养适量的浮萍、水花生;
8)虾苗选择;
9)放养密度:8月中旬投放或自留亲虾15Kg/亩,规格35-50g/尾;
10)水稻品种选择;
11)栽种方法;
12)小龙虾投喂:虾苗以浮游动物、底栖动物、各种昆虫、杂草嫩芽为食;亲虾、虾种投喂发酵配合饲料为主,同时搭配麦芽、螺蛳、杂鱼和黄豆,日投喂量为龙虾群体重量的5-8%;其中,发酵配合饲料配方为大豆饼30kg、玉米粉15 kg、小麦粉6 kg 、麦麸10 kg、油糠8kg、鱼粉25kg、碳酸钙3kg、黏合剂2kg、磷酸二氢钾0.5kg、食盐0.5kg、红糖5kg、强微靓水素250g和强微豆粕发酵剂250g,再加水15-20kg;制备方法是将配料放入饲料机搅拌,饲料干湿程度达到既能成团又能散开即可,温度在20℃时搅拌均匀后密封发酵4天后,PH值达到4即可投喂;
13)水质调节:初春时期田水保持水深10-15cm,增加水温,促进小龙虾摄食、活动;随着小龙虾不断地生长逐渐加深水位,四月上旬水位在30cm,四月中旬将水深漫至稻田,5月底6月初降低水位,使龙虾回到回形沟中,捕大留小并整田插秧;
14)水草管理;
15)水稻管理:在稻田施肥方面,不需要施肥,如确需施肥,要施复合肥并控制施用量,不能将肥料直接撒入环形沟内;在病害防治方面,水稻病虫害结合杀虫灯、性诱剂进行防治,能不用药时坚决不用药,需要用药时选用高效低毒的无公害农药和生物制剂,避免使用含菊酯类和有机磷类的杀虫剂;
16)捕捞。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种稻田生态养殖小龙虾的方法,其特征是:所述步骤1)的稻田面积选为40-50亩。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种稻田生态养殖小龙虾的方法,其特征是:所述步骤2)中环沟的尺寸设置是,上口宽4-5m,底宽1.5-2.5m,深1.2m,坡比1:1.5,田埂宽1.5m,埂高1m。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种稻田生态养殖小龙虾的方法,其特征是:所述稻田的畦面不开“十”字沟和“井”字沟。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种稻田生态养殖小龙虾的方法,其特征是:所述步骤7)中水体生物生态系统以沉水植物为主,挺水植物、浮水植物为辅,二者的比例为7:3。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种稻田生态养殖小龙虾的方法,其特征是:所述步骤11)的栽种方法包括:用插秧机插秧,株距20cm,行距30cm,每亩栽种秧苗1.1万株。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种稻田生态养殖小龙虾的方法,其特征是:所述步骤15)水稻管理的病害防治:选择水剂作为药剂时,在早上进行喷雾,均匀喷洒于水稻叶面上。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202010685963.5A CN111771791A (zh) | 2020-07-16 | 2020-07-16 | 一种稻田生态养殖小龙虾的方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202010685963.5A CN111771791A (zh) | 2020-07-16 | 2020-07-16 | 一种稻田生态养殖小龙虾的方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN111771791A true CN111771791A (zh) | 2020-10-16 |
Family
ID=72768294
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202010685963.5A Pending CN111771791A (zh) | 2020-07-16 | 2020-07-16 | 一种稻田生态养殖小龙虾的方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN111771791A (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113545264A (zh) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-10-26 | 湄潭县坝区优质稻技术创新中心 | 一种优质绿色稻米种植方法 |
CN114027234A (zh) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-02-11 | 和县明信水产养殖专业合作社 | 一种生物控制稻田自繁小龙虾苗种的方法 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102125169A (zh) * | 2011-01-06 | 2011-07-20 | 宜春强微生物科技有限公司 | 糟渣饲料发酵剂及其应用 |
CN106577078A (zh) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-04-26 | 湖北省水产科学研究所 | 一种稻‑虾‑鳅耦合养殖方法及稻田综合种养模式 |
CN107047409A (zh) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-08-18 | 华中农业大学 | 一种春季小龙虾大规格苗种的稻田提早繁育方法 |
CN108718965A (zh) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-11-02 | 华中农业大学 | 一种稻虾共作的稻虾生态种养方法 |
CN108719155A (zh) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-11-02 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | 一种稻田养殖罗氏沼虾的方法 |
CN110169381A (zh) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-08-27 | 广西维天生态农业有限公司 | 一种虾稻共作的生态养殖方法 |
CN110692562A (zh) * | 2018-07-09 | 2020-01-17 | 崇州市桤泉镇千禾土地股份合作社 | 一种稻田中养殖小龙虾的方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-07-16 CN CN202010685963.5A patent/CN111771791A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102125169A (zh) * | 2011-01-06 | 2011-07-20 | 宜春强微生物科技有限公司 | 糟渣饲料发酵剂及其应用 |
CN106577078A (zh) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-04-26 | 湖北省水产科学研究所 | 一种稻‑虾‑鳅耦合养殖方法及稻田综合种养模式 |
CN107047409A (zh) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-08-18 | 华中农业大学 | 一种春季小龙虾大规格苗种的稻田提早繁育方法 |
CN108719155A (zh) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-11-02 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | 一种稻田养殖罗氏沼虾的方法 |
CN108718965A (zh) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-11-02 | 华中农业大学 | 一种稻虾共作的稻虾生态种养方法 |
CN110692562A (zh) * | 2018-07-09 | 2020-01-17 | 崇州市桤泉镇千禾土地股份合作社 | 一种稻田中养殖小龙虾的方法 |
CN110169381A (zh) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-08-27 | 广西维天生态农业有限公司 | 一种虾稻共作的生态养殖方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
占家智等: "《小龙虾实用养殖技术问答》", 30 August 2015, 金盾出版社 * |
周锡跃等: "《渔稻1号与克氏原鳌虾高效综合种养技术试验》", 《水产养殖》 * |
微信公众号:强微生物水产版: "《小龙虾自制发酵饲料100%饲喂如何做?》", 《微信公众号:强微生物水产版》 * |
郭海山等: "《淡水鱼、小龙虾养殖及疾病防治》", 28 February 2019, 河南科学技术出版社 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113545264A (zh) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-10-26 | 湄潭县坝区优质稻技术创新中心 | 一种优质绿色稻米种植方法 |
CN113545264B (zh) * | 2021-08-04 | 2023-08-15 | 湄潭县坝区优质稻技术创新中心 | 一种优质绿色稻米种植方法 |
CN114027234A (zh) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-02-11 | 和县明信水产养殖专业合作社 | 一种生物控制稻田自繁小龙虾苗种的方法 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN108718965B (zh) | 一种稻虾共作的稻虾生态种养方法 | |
CN103348890B (zh) | 一种在稻田中综合进行多种水产动物养殖及水稻种植的方法 | |
CN103931530B (zh) | 稻田生态养殖泥鳅的方法 | |
CN103891659B (zh) | 池塘鱼稻共生饲养塘鳢鱼的方法 | |
CN210900695U (zh) | 一种仙草、小龙虾、水稻共生养殖系统 | |
CN105123220A (zh) | 一种水稻稻鸭共作种植方法 | |
CN106376503A (zh) | 一种小龙虾的有机生态养殖方法 | |
CN110476753B (zh) | 一种仙草、小龙虾、水稻共生养殖系统 | |
CN113647349B (zh) | 一种基于无沟化稻田改造的稻虾综合种养方法 | |
CN112690184B (zh) | 一种稻花鱼生态养殖方法及稻花鱼生态养殖稻田 | |
CN109997750A (zh) | 一种水稻、小龙虾、鸭、螃蟹共生轮养的方法 | |
CN111543362A (zh) | 一种蟹稻共生种养池及其综合调温方法 | |
CN106614181A (zh) | 稻蟹共生养殖方法 | |
CN108633797A (zh) | 稻田养殖田螺的方法 | |
CN111771791A (zh) | 一种稻田生态养殖小龙虾的方法 | |
CN114532265A (zh) | 一种稻虾繁养分离高效综合种养方法 | |
CN112493188A (zh) | 一种稻虾轮作生态养殖方法 | |
CN111771648A (zh) | 一种藕塘套养小龙虾和加州鲈的方法 | |
CN110800575A (zh) | 一种稻田龙虾生态循环养殖方法 | |
CN110839569A (zh) | 一种黄鳝春季野生苗的培育方法 | |
CN108834951A (zh) | 一种湘莲和甲鱼的套养方法 | |
CN113545265A (zh) | 一种澳洲淡水龙虾稻田共作养殖方法 | |
CN102668943A (zh) | 一种猕猴桃和水产的复合种养方法 | |
CN112400767A (zh) | 一种基于全年上市的商品河蟹养殖方法 | |
CN112219661A (zh) | 一种稻鳖生态种养方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20201016 |