CN111766229A - 一种基于海胆状复合纳米材料的印迹拉曼传感器的制备 - Google Patents
一种基于海胆状复合纳米材料的印迹拉曼传感器的制备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于海胆状复合纳米材料的印迹拉曼传感器的制备,具有海胆状形貌的金银复合材料与金纳米球耦合作为SERS材料,分子印迹聚合物作为分子识别元件,制得可用于复杂样品检测的拉曼传感器。本发明结合了三维海胆状金银纳米复合材料与金纳米球的双重耦合拉曼增强效应,金的稳定性与银的高SERS活性及分子印迹聚合物的特异选择性。该拉曼传感器与其他传感器相比,操作简单可大规模制备有效的节省了制备时间,具有特异选择性可用于复杂样品检测,可重复利用且稳定性能优异可长期储存。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及拉曼传感器制备的技术领域,特别涉及一种基于海胆状复合纳米材料的印迹拉曼传感器的制备。
背景技术
拉曼光谱应用于分子结构研究的一种分析方法。作为非侵入性光学技术,拉曼光谱可以比较容易的提供样品系统中各种分子的丰富的指纹信息,适合多组分分析。表面增强拉曼散射(Surface enhanced Raman Scattering, SERS)效应是一种基于金属纳米尺寸粗糙表面上的拉曼散射效应。当样品吸附于粗糙的纳米尺度的金、银等贵金属表面时,其样品的拉曼信号将得到极大的增强。基于SERS技术的拉曼传感器被广泛的应用于化学、材料、医学及生物学等领域。
表面增强拉曼光谱与其活性基底材料是密不可分的,并且所获得信号的质量高度依赖于基质材料的形貌尺寸、稳定性和可再现性。金、银是SERS应用最为广泛的贵金属材料,银纳米材料具有更高的SERS活性,而金纳米结构稳定性更高,制备时更可控,可以制备形状相似、大小均匀的纳米材料。金银纳米材料的复合应用可以结合高SERS活性与优异的稳定性。具有特定粗糙形貌的金银纳米材料表面可以提供丰富的等离子体热点,产生强大的信号增强效果。当不同形貌的材料耦合时,材料相交处产生的丰富“热点”会有双重的信号增强效果。
分子印迹技术是一种用于合成具有特定识别位点的分子印迹聚合物(molecularly imprinted polymer, MIPs)的简便技术。分子印迹聚合物的特异性识别原理与抗原抗体的特异性结合类似,通过适当溶剂将分子印迹聚合物中的模板分子洗脱后会在聚合物内留下具有特异性识别位点的空腔,从而能够对样品中的模板分子进行可逆的特异性结合。在分析过程中,样品溶液中的模板分子被具有特异性识别位点的空腔所吸附,从而达到分离富集模板分子的目的。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供了一种制备简单,SERS性能优异,可以大规模生产且重复利用的拉曼传感器的制备方法,该方法可以在绝大多数实验室中轻易实现而不需要复杂繁琐的大型设备支持,具体制备方案如下:
(1)制备基底:将氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃切割至单个单元尺寸为10×10 mm,经过丙酮、乙醇、去离子水分别超声处理10 min后,烘箱内60 ℃下干燥1h;
(2)海胆状金银纳米复合材料的制备:第一步合成金银纳米合金作为内核,氯金酸(HAuCl4, 10 μL, 25 mmol L-1)溶液与硝酸银(AgNO3, 20 μL, 10 mmol L-1)溶液依次加入到10 mL的玻璃瓶内,然后在剧烈搅拌下快速加入抗坏血酸(C6H8O6, 1 mL, 10 mmol L-1)溶液,反应20s,溶液颜色由无色变为浅蓝色;第二步合成海胆状外壳,剧烈搅拌下在上述溶液中快速加入氯金酸(HAuCl4, 1 mL, 3 mmol L-1),溶液由浅蓝色变为深蓝色;第三步分别用去离子水与乙醇对上述溶液进行离心洗涤各一次,后分散于5 mL去离子水中得到海胆状金银纳米复合材料悬浊液;
(3)金卫星(10 nm)在海胆状金银纳米复合材料上的生长:将氯金酸(HAuCl4, 10 μL,25 mmol L-1)溶液加入到步骤(2)制得的悬浊液中,调节溶液pH至3.0,在剧烈搅拌下依次加入10 μL柠檬酸钠(Na3C6H5O7, 0.17 mol L-1)溶液与100 μL冰水浴中新制的硼氢化钠(NaBH4, 10 mmol L-1)溶液,搅拌下反应6 min,离心去除多余溶剂,用乙醇离心清洗三次后,将制得的纳米复合材料分散到1 mL乙醇溶液中;
(4)分子印迹溶液的制备:首先0.1 mmol模板分子与0.4 mmol功能单体丙烯酰胺被溶解在装有1.4 mL乙醇的5 mL试剂瓶中,超声处理10 min使模板分子与功能单体通过非共价相互作用结合;在试剂瓶中充氮气2 min除氧后,在磁力搅拌下加入0.15 mL二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)、0.03 mmol安息香乙醚(BEE)、步骤(3)所制得的材料悬浊液,得到包含海胆状复合纳米材料的分子印迹溶液;
(5)拉曼传感器的制备:移液枪移取40 μL步骤(4)所制得的溶液旋涂在步骤(1)所制备的基底上修饰,修饰后的基底放置在ZF5便捷式紫外灯下254 nm照射3小时;用乙醇连续洗涤印迹后的基底去除物理粘附在MIP膜表面的聚合物,用甲醇和乙酸混合液(v甲醇/v乙酸 = 9:1)去除模板分子,得到基于海胆状复合纳米材料的印迹拉曼传感器。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明实验操作简单,反应条件容易控制,可批量生产;
(2)相比于传统的SERS基底,贵金属材料的双重耦合及分子印迹聚合物的应用可多重放大样品检测信号;
(3)金纳米材料稳定性能优异可长期储存;
(4)分子印迹聚合物洗脱吸附操作方便,传感器可重复利用。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的详细实施例进行说明:一种基于海胆状复合纳米材料的印迹拉曼传感器的制备方法。
实施例1
(1)制备基底:将氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃切割至单个单元尺寸为10×10 mm,经过丙酮、乙醇、去离子水分别超声处理10 min后,烘箱内60 ℃下干燥1h;
(2)海胆状金银纳米复合材料的制备:第一步合成金银纳米合金作为内核,氯金酸(HAuCl4, 10 μL, 25 mmol L-1)溶液与硝酸银(AgNO3, 20 μL, 10 mmol L-1)溶液依次加入到10 mL的玻璃瓶内,然后在剧烈搅拌下快速加入抗坏血酸(C6H8O6, 1 mL, 10 mmol L-1)溶液,反应20s,溶液颜色由无色变为浅蓝色;第二步合成海胆状外壳,剧烈搅拌下在上述溶液中快速加入氯金酸(HAuCl4, 1 mL, 3 mmol L-1),溶液由浅蓝色变为深蓝色;第三步分别用去离子水与乙醇对上述溶液进行离心洗涤各一次,后分散于5 mL去离子水中得到海胆状金银纳米复合材料悬浊液;
(3)金卫星(10 nm)在海胆状金银纳米复合材料上的生长:将氯金酸(HAuCl4, 10 μL,25 mmol L-1)溶液加入到步骤(2)制得的悬浊液中,调节溶液pH至3.0,在剧烈搅拌下依次加入10 μL柠檬酸钠(Na3C6H5O7, 0.17 mol L-1)溶液与100 μL冰水浴中新制的硼氢化钠(NaBH4, 10 mmol L-1)溶液,搅拌下反应6 min,离心去除多余溶剂,用乙醇离心清洗三次后,将制得的纳米复合材料分散到1 mL乙醇溶液中;
(4)分子印迹溶液的制备:首先0.1 mmol模板分子与0.4 mmol功能单体丙烯酰胺被溶解在装有1.4 mL乙醇的5 mL试剂瓶中,超声处理10 min使模板分子与功能单体通过非共价相互作用结合;在试剂瓶中充氮气2 min除氧后,在磁力搅拌下加入0.15 mL二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)、0.03 mmol安息香乙醚(BEE)、步骤(3)所制得的材料悬浊液,得到包含海胆状复合纳米材料的分子印迹溶液;
(5)拉曼传感器的制备:移液枪移取40 μL步骤(4)所制得的溶液旋涂在步骤(1)所制备的基底上修饰,修饰后的基底放置在ZF5便捷式紫外灯下254 nm照射3小时;用乙醇连续洗涤印迹后的基底去除物理粘附在MIP膜表面的聚合物,用甲醇和乙酸混合液(v甲醇/v乙酸 = 9:1)去除模板分子,得到基于海胆状复合纳米材料的印迹拉曼传感器。
Claims (1)
1.一种基于海胆状复合纳米材料的印迹拉曼传感器的制备,其特征是,包括如下步骤:
(1)制备基底:将氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃切割至单个单元尺寸为10×10 mm,经过丙酮、乙醇、去离子水分别超声处理10 min后,烘箱内60 ℃下干燥1h;
(2)海胆状金银纳米复合材料的制备:第一步合成金银纳米合金作为内核,氯金酸(HAuCl4, 10 μL, 25 mmol L-1)溶液与硝酸银(AgNO3, 20 μL, 10 mmol L-1)溶液依次加入到10 mL的玻璃瓶内,然后在剧烈搅拌下快速加入抗坏血酸(C6H8O6, 1 mL, 10 mmol L-1)溶液,反应20s,溶液颜色由无色变为浅蓝色;第二步合成海胆状外壳,剧烈搅拌下在上述溶液中快速加入氯金酸(HAuCl4, 1 mL, 3 mmol L-1),溶液由浅蓝色变为深蓝色;第三步分别用去离子水与乙醇对上述溶液进行离心洗涤各一次,后分散于5 mL去离子水中得到海胆状金银纳米复合材料悬浊液;
(3)金卫星(10 nm)在海胆状金银纳米复合材料上的生长:将氯金酸(HAuCl4, 10 μL,25 mmol L-1)溶液加入到步骤(2)制得的悬浊液中,调节溶液pH至3.0,在剧烈搅拌下依次加入10 μL柠檬酸钠(Na3C6H5O7, 0.17 mol L-1)溶液与100 μL冰水浴中新制的硼氢化钠(NaBH4, 10 mmol L-1)溶液,搅拌下反应6 min,离心去除多余溶剂,用乙醇离心清洗三次后,将制得的纳米复合材料分散到1 mL乙醇溶液中;
(4)分子印迹溶液的制备:首先0.1 mmol模板分子与0.4 mmol功能单体丙烯酰胺被溶解在装有1.4 mL乙醇的5 mL试剂瓶中,超声处理10 min使模板分子与功能单体通过非共价相互作用结合;在试剂瓶中充氮气2 min除氧后,在磁力搅拌下加入0.15 mL二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)、0.03 mmol安息香乙醚(BEE)、步骤(3)所制得的材料悬浊液,得到包含海胆状复合纳米材料的分子印迹溶液;
(5)拉曼传感器的制备:移液枪移取40 μL步骤(4)所制得的溶液旋涂在步骤(1)所制备的基底上修饰,修饰后的基底放置在ZF5便捷式紫外灯下254 nm照射3小时;用乙醇连续洗涤印迹后的基底去除物理粘附在分子印迹聚合物膜表面的物质,用甲醇和乙酸混合液(v甲醇/v乙酸 = 9:1)去除模板分子,得到基于海胆状复合纳米材料的印迹拉曼传感器。
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