CN111758857A - 防治草鱼细菌性肠炎的膳食组合物及应用 - Google Patents
防治草鱼细菌性肠炎的膳食组合物及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防治草鱼细菌性肠炎的膳食组合物,包括(2‑羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍或其可接受的盐。本发明预防养殖草鱼细菌性肠炎的发生,降低嗜水气单胞菌引起肠炎的发病率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防治草鱼细菌性肠炎的膳食组合物及其应用和饲喂方法。
背景技术
草鱼是我国主要养殖淡水鱼类,具有悠久的养殖历史,养殖产量高,肉味鲜美、营养丰富,是深受广大消费者喜爱的淡水鱼产品之一。草鱼具有生长快、饲料来源广、产量高等特点。因此,我国养殖草鱼的面积和规模占淡水鱼养殖的35%左右。但在草鱼养殖生产中,经常出现细菌性肠炎病等传染性疾病,该病发生率高、流行快。每年4~9月是此病流行季节,成鱼的发病率和死亡率都很高,给草鱼养殖生产安全造成了极大的危害,养殖经济效应因此受到严重的影响。
细菌性肠炎的病原为嗜水气单胞菌,是草鱼养殖过程中的常见疾病,发病死亡率均在50%以上,严重者死亡率超过90%。目前主要采用生石灰或漂白粉彻底清塘,用漂白粉进行食场消毒,用磺胺胍、磺胺嘧啶、氟哌酸拌料饲喂进行药物预防。但这些预防产品和清塘消毒药物长期使用会出现副作用和药物残留,破坏养殖环境和污染水质,细菌耐药性增强,危害人类食品和公共卫生安全。
(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍是中华人民共和国农业部公告第2519号公布的新饲料添加剂,以二甲硫醚、丙烯酸和氢溴酸为原料经化学合成制得,适用于淡水鱼。其分子式为C5H11BrO2S,分子量为215.1086,熔点为112℃,分子结构式如下:
现有的研究表明:(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍具有调味作用,可以提高淡水鱼的摄食频次。
上述背景技术是为了便于理解本发明,并非是申请本发明之前已向普通公众公开的公知技术。
发明内容
基于上述问题,一方面,本发明提供一种防治草鱼细菌性肠炎的膳食组合物,该防治草鱼细菌性肠炎的膳食组合物可预防草鱼细菌性肠炎病的发生,提高草鱼肠的抗菌能力,降低嗜水气单胞菌引起肠炎病的发病率,提高草鱼的成活率及产量。
技术方案是:一种防治草鱼细菌性肠炎的膳食组合物,包括(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍或其可接受的盐。本发明通过预防草鱼细菌性肠炎病的发生,提高草鱼肠的抗菌能力,降低嗜水气单胞菌引起肠炎病的发病率,从而促进草鱼生长、提高饲料转化率。
本发明中,(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍为市购产品,可为市面上流通或贮藏的按不同工艺技术生产的各种形态的(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍。
一方面,本发明还提供一种(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍或其可接受的盐应用于制备防治草鱼细菌性肠炎的膳食组合物。
一方面,本发明还提供一种草鱼的饲喂方法,该饲喂方法为每1千克饲料添加0.13~0.39克上述的防治草鱼细菌性肠炎的膳食组合物。
本发明防治草鱼细菌性肠炎的膳食组合物可以提高草鱼肠道抗菌因子的活性,增强鱼肠抗菌能力,提高鱼肠抗嗜水气单胞菌引起肠炎病的能力,从而促进草鱼生长,提高草鱼的成活率及产量。
附图说明
图1是未添加(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍的草鱼肠道图;
图2是本发明(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍的草鱼肠道图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1:(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍对草鱼生长性能的影响
试验材料:(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍购自广州市科虎生物技术研究开发中心,纯度95.0%。
试验地点:四川农业大学水产动物营养研究室试验基地。
试验及分组:选取平均体重218克的健康草鱼180尾,随机分为两个处理组,分别为对照(未添加(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍)组和(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复30尾,对照组与二甲基溴化锍组相比,除(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍组定期饲喂(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍外,其余均相同,即对照组和(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍组均根据草鱼配合饲料营养标准(GB/T 36205-2018)配制饲料,配制饲料的组成及营养水平见表1:
表1配制饲料的组成及营养水平
上表1中,5%的复合预混料提供草鱼生长所需维生素和微量元素。
配制试验饲料时,(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍组中每1千克饲料中用0.26克(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍替代基础日粮中相应质量的玉米淀粉。配制试验饲料时,每种饲料原料粉碎至全部通过40目筛,60目筛上物低于20%,按比例混合并搅拌均匀,制成直径2mm、长度3mm的硬颗粒,在室温下风干后4℃冰箱贮存备用。
试验方法:试验草鱼分别饲养于1.4m×1.4m×1.4m网箱中,为期60天。分别于每日上午7点、11点和下午3点和7点进行饱食投喂,摄食30分钟后收集剩料,烘干并称重用于计算采食量。每天观察草鱼的健康状况。整个试验期水温为28.0±2.0℃,pH为7.4±0.3,溶解氧4.0mg/L以上。饲养试验结束后,停食24小时,氨基苯甲酸乙酯麻醉,以箱为单位称重。
试验结果:从下表2可知,草鱼饲喂本发明添加有(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍的饲料后,末重提高21.55%~32.70%,采食量提高23.87%~24.29%,饲料利用率提高6.67%~36.67%,增重率提高35.60%~49.00%。说明:(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍能显著促进草鱼摄食和生长,提高饲料转化利用率。
表2(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍对草鱼生长性能的影响
项目 | 对照组 | 本发明组 |
平均初始重(g) | 218.32±0.38 | 216.44±0.28 |
平均末重(g) | 598.74±12.23 | 764.45±21.83* |
平均采食量(g/尾) | 694.36±0.62 | 861.71±0.84* |
饲料利用率 | 0.56±0.04 | 0.69±0.05* |
增重率(%) | 178.71±4.56 | 256.24±7.72* |
表2中,*表示其与对照组相比,差异显著(P<0.05)。
实施例2(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍对草鱼肠抗嗜水气单胞菌攻毒的影响
试验材料、地点、试验饲料及分组、饲养方法匀同实施例1所述。饲养试验(60天)结束后,每个处理组选取接近处理均重的24尾鱼,每尾鱼腹腔注射1毫升2.5×108CFU嗜水气单胞菌,转移至新的网箱中,攻毒饲养14天。攻毒试验期间,管理条件同生长试验。每日观察并记录试验鱼活动情况和健康状况。攻毒试验结束后,所有试验草鱼均用对氨基苯甲酸乙酯麻醉解剖,分离肠道,对肠炎状况评估并打分后,并迅速取出12尾鱼的前肠、中肠、后肠样品,将其快速放入液氮中冷冻,置于-80℃的超低温冰箱保存备用。结果见下表3和图1~2。
表3(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍对草鱼鳃免疫因子含量和烂鳃发生率的影响
表3中,*表示其与对照组相比,差异显著(P<0.05)。
从表3和图1-2可知,对照组草鱼明显出现肠道红肿和出血等肠炎症状。本发明(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍组草鱼肠道正常,仅见零星出血点,未见肠炎症状;嗜水气单胞菌攻毒引起的肠炎发病率较对照组低47.85%~74.31%;前肠抗菌物质溶菌酶活性提高41.86%~86.76%,酸性磷酸酶活性提高49.02%~75.30%,补体C3活性提高28.14%~56.94%,补体C4活性提高60.81%~109.64%,免疫球蛋白M含量提高7.18%~49.48%;中肠抗菌物质溶菌酶活性提高49.14%~88.13%,酸性磷酸酶活性提高41.30%~72.50%,补体C3活性提高22.52%~59.56%,补体C4活性提高67.72%~114.10%,免疫球蛋白M含量提高32.26%~61.79%;后肠抗菌物质溶菌酶活性提高51.41%~84.93%,酸性磷酸酶活性提高31.65%~51.79%,补体C3活性提高30.51%~70.81%,补体C4活性提高67.32%~108.84%,免疫球蛋白M含量提高41.80%~69.04%。说明:(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍能显著提高草鱼前肠、中肠和后肠抗菌能力,提高肠道抗嗜水气单胞菌引起肠炎病的能力。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种防治草鱼细菌性肠炎的膳食组合物,包括(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍或其可接受的盐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治草鱼细菌性肠炎的膳食组合物,其特征在于:所述草鱼细菌性肠炎的病原为嗜水气单胞菌。
3.一种(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍或其可接受的盐应用于制备防治草鱼细菌性肠炎的膳食组合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的(2-羧乙基)二甲基溴化锍或其可接受的盐应用于制备防治草鱼细菌性肠炎的膳食组合物,特征在于:所述草鱼细菌性肠炎的病原为嗜水气单胞菌。
5.一种草鱼的饲喂方法,该饲喂方法为每1千克饲料添加0.13~0.39克权利要求1-2任一所述的防治草鱼细菌性肠炎的膳食组合物。
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