CN111743880A - 一种单抗类药物口服纳米-微球制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种单抗类药物口服纳米-微球制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种单抗类药物口服纳米‑微球制剂及其制备方法。该单抗类药物口服纳米‑微球制剂是通过羧甲基壳聚糖和壳聚糖的静电复合来包载抗体药物,然后,将此载药纳米粒再包裹于海藻酸钙微球中获得。本发明的单抗类药物口服纳米‑微球制剂可减少药物引起的不良反应,提高药物的载药量和包封率,保证药物的活性,同时延长药物在肠道内的滞留时间,提高药效。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种单抗类药物口服纳米-微球制剂及其制备方法。
(二)背景技术
炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是一种病因不明的慢性非特异性肠道炎症性病变,主要包括克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎,都影响了肠道黏膜,导致肠道出现炎症、糜烂、溃疡和大出血,严重影响了患者的生活质量。在IBD的临床治疗中,抗TNF-α单抗类药物,如英夫利昔单抗、阿达木单抗、赛妥珠单抗等,取得了良好疗效。然而,抗TNF-α单抗通常采用注射方式给药,这种全身给药方式在药物缺乏对靶部位的选择性作用下致使全身TNF-α均受到抑制,从而产生一系列不良反应。如果能通过口服给药的手段,将抗体药物直接转运至炎症部位与TNF-α发生作用,则可以避免药物全身给药引起的不良反应。值得注意的是,抗TNF-α单抗可在不透过胃肠道生物膜吸收进入血液循环的情况下直接与IBD病变部位的TNF-α发生结合反应,即发挥药效作用,这进一步为此类单抗的口服给药提供了可能性。
然而,口服蛋白类药物面临的主要问题之一是易被消化道中的酸碱环境和各种蛋白水解酶降解而失去生物活性。胃中的酸性环境、胃蛋白酶等都能导致蛋白质类药物的完全变性。新型口服载药系统在保护蛋白药物在胃肠道中的稳定性方面有着独特优势。聚合物微球是一类非常重要的蛋白质类药物投递系统,因为蛋白质从这类载体中的释放能够得到良好控制,并可避免在口服途径中被胃酸破坏以及被消化道酶降解。目前,蛋白质药物口服微球载体材料主要集中在聚酯、类脂质和天然多糖方面。海藻酸是一种水溶性的天然线性多糖,能在较低的pH收缩,使包封的药物滞留在内,同时保护药物免受酶的作用而失活,因此在pH响应性聚合物中得到了广泛的应用。此外,将高分子聚合物应用于纳米技术作为蛋白类药物的纳米载体,也可以保持蛋白质稳定性,且能够延长药物在肠道的滞留时间。一种较理想的蛋白口服载体,应具有良好的生物可降解性,生物相容性,能够抵抗胃pH值变化和酶,且能够延长药物在肠道的滞留时间的性质。
口服蛋白类药物面临的另一问题是,蛋白质口服剂型的制备方法往往会影响口服的有效性。最可能影响药物活性和稳定性的因素是温度、pH、溶剂、剪切力、蛋白质的聚集及结晶状态。尤其是制备基于聚合物的蛋白质类药物口服给药系统,许多工艺过程会使药物结构受到破坏,造成药物失活。
目前,市场上尚未见到抗TNF-α单抗的口服纳米给药制剂,也未见到类似药物制剂的研究报道,因此,开发这类药物不仅有重要的临床意义,也有广阔的市场前景。
(三)发明内容
基于上述现有技术中存在的缺陷和市场的需求,本发明提供了一种单抗类药物口服纳米粒-微球制剂及其制备方法。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种单抗类药物口服纳米-微球制剂,由如下方法获得:先通过羧甲基壳聚糖与壳聚糖的静电复合并包载单抗药物,获得载药纳米粒,再将载药纳米粒溶液与海藻酸钙钠溶液混合进行反应,获得单抗类药物口服纳米-微球制剂。
本发明通过羧甲基壳聚糖与壳聚糖的静电复合,形成了具有肠道粘附作用的,包载单抗类药物的纳米粒子,将纳米粒子与海藻酸钠溶液混合均匀,将此混合液体滴加到一定浓度的氯化钙溶液中进行固化,最后得到了所述单抗类药物的口服纳米粒-微球制剂。
具体的,所述单抗药物为抗TNF-α单抗药物。
本发明还涉及制备所述单抗类药物口服纳米-微球制剂的方法,所述方法包括:
(1)载药纳米粒的制备:称取羧甲基壳聚糖,加入去离子水溶解充分,调节pH值,磁力搅拌下缓慢滴加单抗溶液,混合均匀得到羧甲基壳聚糖溶液;称取壳聚糖用乙酸溶解,充分溶解后调节pH值,滴加到上述羧甲基壳聚糖溶液中,即可得到载药纳米粒,所述纳米粒的粒径为200nm~400nm;
(2)纳米粒-微球的制备:称取海藻酸钠,加入去离子水溶解充分,将海藻酸钠溶液与纳米粒溶液混合均匀,滴加到氯化钙溶液中,即可得到包载了纳米粒的微球溶液,最后用纯水清洗,得到所述单抗类药物口服纳米-微球制剂,所述微球的粒径为300μm~600μm。
优选的,步骤(1)中羧甲基壳聚糖与壳聚糖的质量比值为6~9:1。
优选的,步骤(2)中海藻酸钠与载药纳米粒的质量比为3~6:1。
具体的,步骤(1)中羧甲基壳聚糖的pH值调节为7.0~9.0,壳聚糖的pH值调节为5.0~6.0,单抗药物的载药量为3%~8%。
优选的,所述单抗药物为英夫利昔单抗、阿达木单抗或赛妥珠单抗药物。
本发明的有益效果主要体现在:
(1)本发明采取口服给药的手段,可将单抗药物转运至肠道炎症部位,可以避免药物全身给药引起的不良反应,同时增加患者的顺应性。
(2)本发明所采用的纳米粒-微球复合制剂,可以提高单抗药物的载药量和包封率,同时所采用的制备工艺可以充分保证单抗类药物的活性。
(3)本发明中纳米粒-微球复合制剂,通过pH响应性的微球制剂可以保护单抗药物免受胃酸的降解,通过纳米制剂可以增加药物在肠道的滞留时间,从而增加单抗药物的药效,降低药物的副作用。
(四)附图说明
图1为英夫利昔单抗纳米粒TEM图。
图2为英夫利昔单抗纳米粒-微球光镜图。
图3为单抗体外释放曲线。
图4肠道荧光分布图。
(五)具体实施方式
为了加深对本发明的理解,下面将结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细描述,该实施例仅用于解释本发明,并不对本发明的保护范围构成限定。
实施例1:
本实例为采用本发明提供出的方法制备英夫利昔单抗口服纳米粒-微球制剂。
制备步骤:
1.载药纳米粒的制备
通过羧甲基壳聚糖与壳聚糖的电荷相互作用形成纳米粒,进行单抗药物的包载。具体步骤如下:取10mg羧甲基壳聚糖(粘度<200mPa.s)溶解于纯净水中,搅拌均匀后,过滤,再调节pH值至7.0,得到浓度为1mg/mL的羧甲基壳聚糖溶液。取1mL羧甲基壳聚糖溶液,在磁力搅拌下,缓慢滴加5mg/mL英夫利昔单抗溶液(羧甲基壳聚糖与英夫利昔单抗质量比为10:1),搅拌均匀,得到羧甲基壳聚糖单抗溶液,待用。称取10mg壳聚糖(粘度<200mPa.s)溶解于5mL 2%(w/w)的乙酸溶液中,溶解后,过滤,调节pH至5.6。取一定量的1mg/mL壳聚糖溶液(羧甲基壳聚糖与壳聚糖质量比为6:1),在磁力搅拌下,缓慢滴加于上述的羧甲基壳聚糖单抗溶液中,即可得到载药量为6.27%,包封率为78%的英夫利昔单抗纳米溶液,其TEM图参见图1。
2.纳米粒-微球的制备
称取一定量的海藻酸钠(粘度200±20mpa.s)溶解于纯水中,过滤后待用。取一定量的英夫利昔单抗纳米溶液,在磁力搅拌器下,缓慢滴加入一定体积的6%(w/v)海藻酸钠溶液(纳米粒与海藻酸钠的质量比为1:3),搅拌均匀后,用1mL注射器将上述溶液缓慢滴入到3mL 6%(w/v)的氯化钙水溶液中,滴加完溶液后,即可得到包载了纳米粒的海藻酸钙微球。使用纯水清洗微球3次,抽滤,将得到的微球冻干,所得英夫利昔单抗纳米粒-微球粒径为300μm~400μm,其光镜图参见图2。
3.纳米粒-微球的体外释放实验
为了检测纳米粒-微球的响应性释放行为,将抗体药物使用荧光标记,再进行纳米粒及微球的制备。将荧光标记的载药纳米粒-微球和荧光标记的载药纳米粒分别置于pH值为1.2的HCl溶液中,37℃、100r/min恒温振荡进行释放实验。在预定的时间点(0.5小时、1.0小时、2.0小时),离心,取100μL上清液,荧光酶标仪测定荧光强度。2小时后,将载药纳米粒-微球和纳米粒分别转移到pH6.8的磷酸盐缓冲液中,并在37℃下继续孵育10小时。在预定时间点(3小时、4小时、5小时、6小时、8小时、12小时),离心,取100μL上清液,荧光酶标仪测定荧光强度。用于药物释放的测定。释放测定平行三份进行。测得结果中,载药纳米粒在pH值为1.2的溶液中,2小时累计释放率为47%,在pH6.8的缓冲液中累计释放28%,而纳米粒-微球在pH值为1.2的溶液中,2小时累计释放率为10%,pH6.8的缓冲液中累计释放65%,其释放曲线参见图3。
由图3可,纳米粒-微球制剂减少了药物在胃内酸性条件的释放,保护药物不被胃酸降解,增加了到达肠道的结构完整的抗体量,实现了pH响应性的药物释放。
4.肠道分布实验
将6只结肠炎小鼠随机分成2组,分别经口服给药Cy5标记的游离抗体和Cy5标记的载药纳米粒-微球,于给药后4小时处死小鼠,取出小鼠结肠,用生理盐水清洗肠道后,至于小动物荧光成像仪中,结果显示,游离药物组,小鼠肠道内几乎没有荧光,而纳米粒-微球组,小鼠肠道内有较强荧光,其荧光强度约为游离单抗组的8倍,其肠道荧光分布图见图4。
结果显示,游离药物组,肠道粘膜层几乎没有荧光,说明药物在肠道内基本没有滞留,而制剂组,肠道粘膜内有较强荧光,说明纳米粒子增加了药物在肠道内的滞留,促进了药物渗透进入肠道粘膜层。
实施例2:
本实例为采用本发明提供出的方法制备英夫利昔单抗口服纳米制剂。
制备步骤:
1.载药纳米粒的制备
通过羧甲基壳聚糖与壳聚糖的电荷相互作用形成纳米粒,进行单抗药物的包载。具体如下:取10mg羧甲基壳聚糖(粘度<200mPa.s)溶解于纯净水中,搅拌均匀后,过滤,再调节pH值至7.0,得到浓度为1mg/mL的羧甲基壳聚糖溶液。取1mL羧甲基壳聚糖溶液,在磁力搅拌下,缓慢滴加5mg/mL英夫利昔单抗溶液(羧甲基壳聚糖与英夫利昔单抗质量比为15:1),搅拌均匀,得到羧甲基壳聚糖单抗溶液,待用。称取10mg壳聚糖(粘度<200mPa.s)溶解于5mL2%的乙酸溶液中,溶解后,过滤,调节pH至5.6。取一定量的1mg/mL壳聚糖溶液(羧甲基壳聚糖与壳聚糖质量比为6:1),在磁力搅拌下,缓慢滴加于上述的得到羧甲基壳聚单抗溶液中,即可得到载药量为4.34%,包封率为80%的英夫利昔单抗纳米溶液。
2.纳米粒-微球的制备
方法同实施例1。所得英夫利昔单抗纳米粒-微球粒径为300μm~400μm。
3.纳米粒-微球的体外释放实验
方法同实施例1。结果显示,纳米粒-微球在pH值为1.2的溶液中,2小时累计释放率约为10%,pH6.8的缓冲液中累计释放约65%。
4.肠道分布实验
方法同实施例1。结果显示,纳米粒-微球组小鼠肠道内荧光强度约为游离单抗组的8倍。
实施例3:
本实例为采用本发明提供出的方法制备英夫利昔单抗口服纳米制剂。
制备步骤:
1.载药纳米粒的制备
通过羧甲基壳聚糖与壳聚糖的电荷相互作用形成纳米粒,进行单抗药物的包载。具体如下:取10mg羧甲基壳聚糖(粘度<200mPa.s)溶解于纯净水中,搅拌均匀后,过滤,再调节pH值至7.0,得到浓度为1mg/mL的羧甲基壳聚糖溶液。取1mL羧甲基壳聚糖溶液,在磁力搅拌下,缓慢滴加5mg/mL英夫利昔单抗溶液(羧甲基壳聚糖与英夫利昔单抗质量比为20:1),搅拌均匀,得到羧甲基壳聚糖单抗溶液,待用。称取10mg壳聚糖(粘度<200mPa.s)溶解于5mL2%的乙酸溶液中,溶解后,过滤,调节pH至5.6。取一定量的1mg/mL壳聚糖溶液(羧甲基壳聚糖与壳聚糖质量比为6:1),在磁力搅拌下,缓慢滴加于上述的得到羧甲基壳聚糖单抗溶液中,即可得到载药量为3.51%,包封率为85%的英夫利昔单抗纳米溶液。
2.纳米粒-微球的制备
方法同实施例1。所得英夫利昔单抗纳米粒-微球粒径为300μm~400μm。
3.纳米粒-微球的体外释放实验
方法同实施例1。结果显示,纳米粒-微球在pH值为1.2的溶液中,2小时累计释放率约为10%,pH6.8的缓冲液中累计释放约65%。
4.肠道分布实验
方法同实施例1。结果显示,纳米粒-微球组小鼠肠道内荧光强度约为游离单抗组的8倍。
Claims (7)
1.一种单抗类药物口服纳米-微球制剂,由如下方法获得:先通过羧甲基壳聚糖与壳聚糖的静电复合并包载单抗药物,获得载药纳米粒,再将载药纳米粒溶液与海藻酸钙钠溶液混合进行反应,获得单抗类药物口服纳米-微球制剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的单抗类药物口服纳米-微球制剂,其特征在于所述单抗药物为抗TNF-α单抗药物。
3.制备权利要求1所述单抗类药物口服纳米-微球制剂的方法,其特征在于所述方法包括:
(1)载药纳米粒的制备:称取羧甲基壳聚糖,加入去离子水溶解充分,调节pH值,磁力搅拌下缓慢滴加单抗溶液,混合均匀得到羧甲基壳聚糖溶液;称取壳聚糖用乙酸溶解,充分溶解后调节pH值,滴加到上述羧甲基壳聚糖溶液中,即可得到载药纳米粒;
(2)纳米粒-微球的制备:称取海藻酸钠,加入去离子水溶解充分,将海藻酸钠溶液与纳米粒溶液混合均匀,滴加到氯化钙溶液中,即可得到包载了纳米粒的微球溶液,最后用纯水清洗,得到所述单抗类药物口服纳米-微球制剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中羧甲基壳聚糖与壳聚糖的质量比值为6~9:1。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中海藻酸钠与载药纳米粒的质量比为3~6:1。
6.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中羧甲基壳聚糖的pH值调节为7.0~9.0,壳聚糖的pH值调节为5.0~6.0,单抗药物的载药量为3%~8%。
7.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于所述单抗药物为英夫利昔单抗、阿达木单抗或赛妥珠单抗药物。
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CN112891556A (zh) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-06-04 | 浙江大学医学院附属第一医院 | 一种单抗类药物口服纳米凝胶及其制备方法 |
CN112870169A (zh) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-06-01 | 浙江大学医学院附属第一医院 | 一种双载药环境敏感型口服Janus纳米粒及其制备方法和应用 |
CN112870169B (zh) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-08-12 | 浙江大学医学院附属第一医院 | 一种双载药环境敏感型口服Janus纳米粒及其制备方法和应用 |
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