CN111743053A - American eel puffed feed and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

American eel puffed feed and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111743053A
CN111743053A CN202010770357.3A CN202010770357A CN111743053A CN 111743053 A CN111743053 A CN 111743053A CN 202010770357 A CN202010770357 A CN 202010770357A CN 111743053 A CN111743053 A CN 111743053A
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parts
feed
meal
american
mixed vegetable
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李本相
涂永芹
翁祥斌
贠彪
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Fujian Haid Feeds Co ltd
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Fujian Haid Feeds Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

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Abstract

The invention discloses American eel expanded feed which comprises the following components: fish meal, chicken meal, mixed vegetable protein, fermented soybean meal, hydrolyzed feather meal, glutamic acid residue, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, high gluten flour, mixed vegetable oil, choline chloride, bile acid, a vitamin mixture, a mineral substance mixture, methionine and lysine; the invention also discloses application of the American eel expanded feed in American eel breeding. The feed has the characteristics of low cost, high feed efficiency and the like, can improve the growth performance of the American eels, increase the breeding weight gain rate and survival rate of the American eels, reduce the morbidity of enteritis, promote the metabolism of fat and protein, ensure the health of liver and gallbladder of the American eels, and improve the breeding benefit.

Description

American eel puffed feed and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquatic fish feed, and in particular relates to American eel puffed feed and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
American eels are one of the main varieties of artificially cultured eels, have the basic characteristics of fish, are similar to snakes in appearance, have the vertebra number of 103-.
Eel belongs to the class of the finfish, order anguillales, order anguillariales, family anguillaceae, and is a migratory fish that grows in rivers on land and then migrates to spawning sites in the sea after maturation. The life history can be divided into egg stage (spawning in sea), willow leaf eel (floating with ocean currents, thin like willow leaf), glass eel (transparent glass eel fry), eel line (beginning to appear melanin, main source of fry catching), yellow eel (belly yellow), and silver eel (belly silver). Eel gender is determined by environment and group, and when the group number is small, female is increased, otherwise, female is decreased.
At present, in the eel culture process, the eel powder is mainly used for feeding the juvenile eels and the adult eels, and less puffing materials are used. However, the following problems exist in powder cultivation or expanded material cultivation:
(1) powder cultivation: the problems of easy enteritis, large quantity of three types of fries (also called eel essence, foot dropping fries or eel tails, mainly refers to eel which grows slowly or is difficult to grow because the individual is thin and small, and the weight is about a few grams generally), low feed absorption rate, large water pollution, high feed price and the like exist;
(2) and (3) expanded material cultivation: has the problems of low feed efficiency, low weight gain rate and high feed price.
At present, no feed specially designed for the nutrition requirement of the American eels appears in the market, and the nutrition level of common expanded feed and powder in the market does not accord with the nutrition requirement of the American eels, so that the growth performance of the American eels is influenced, and the culture benefit is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide the American eel puffed feed and the preparation method and the application thereof, the feed has the characteristics of low cost, high feed efficiency and the like, the growth performance of American eels can be improved, and the culture weight gain rate and the survival rate of American eels are improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an American eel expanded feed comprises the following components: fish meal, chicken meal, mixed vegetable protein, fermented soybean meal, hydrolyzed feather meal, glutamic acid residue, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, high gluten flour, mixed vegetable oil, choline chloride, bile acid, a vitamin mixture, a mineral substance mixture, methionine and lysine.
As a preferred embodiment, the fish meal comprises chile meal.
As a preferred technical scheme, the weight portions of the components are as follows: 25-30 parts of Chilean fish meal, 5-10 parts of chicken meal, 15-20 parts of mixed vegetable protein, 3-5 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5-7 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 2-4 parts of glutamic acid residue, 1-1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 19-20 parts of high gluten flour, 10-12 parts of mixed vegetable oil, 0.1-0.2 part of choline chloride, 0.1-0.3 part of bile acid, 1-1.5 parts of vitamin mixture, 1-1.5 parts of mineral substance mixture, 0.1-0.3 part of methionine and 0.1-0.3 part of lysine.
As a preferred technical scheme, the weight portions of the components are as follows: 25 parts of Chilean fish meal, 10 parts of chicken meal, 20 parts of mixed vegetable protein, 3 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 2 parts of glutamic acid residue, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 19.2 parts of strong flour, 12 parts of mixed vegetable oil, 0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.1 part of bile acid, 1 part of vitamin mixture, 1 part of mineral mixture, 0.3 part of methionine and 0.3 part of lysine.
As a preferred technical scheme, the weight portions of the components are as follows: 28 parts of Chilean fish meal, 8 parts of chicken meal, 18 parts of mixed vegetable protein, 4 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5.1 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 3 parts of glutamic acid residue, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 19.2 parts of strong flour, 11 parts of mixed vegetable oil, 0.2 part of choline chloride, 0.3 part of bile acid, 1 part of vitamin mixture, 1 part of mineral mixture, 0.1 part of methionine and 0.1 part of lysine.
As a preferred technical scheme, the mixed vegetable protein comprises soybean protein concentrate, cottonseed meal and corn protein powder, the mass ratio of the soybean protein concentrate to the cottonseed meal to the corn protein powder is 2:1:1 in sequence, on one hand, the protein digestibility is considered, on the other hand, the mixed vegetable protein is matched and used according to the characteristics of feed amino acids, for example, the corn protein powder has relatively high methionine and leucine, the soybean protein concentrate has relatively high lysine, and the cottonseed meal has relatively high arginine.
As a preferred technical scheme, the mixed vegetable oil comprises soybean oil, sunflower seed oil and linseed oil, the volume ratio of the soybean oil to the sunflower seed oil to the linseed oil is 1:1:1, the ratio takes the balance of essential fatty acids into consideration, for example, the sunflower seed oil is rich in linoleic acid, the linseed oil is rich in linolenic acid, and meanwhile, fish oil is replaced according to the matching of the soybean oil, the sunflower seed oil and the linseed oil without affecting the growth performance of the American eels.
As a preferred solution, the following ingredients are included per kg of the vitamin mixture: biotin 0.66g, VB120.02g, 9.23g of folic acid, 221.45g of inositol, 123.73g of nicotinic acid, 591.38g of pantothenic acid, 29.53g of riboflavin and 24g of thiamine.
As a preferred solution, the following ingredients are included per kilogram of the mineral mixture: KI 0.18g, CoCl2H2O(1％)10.98g、CuSO4·5H2O 2.20g、FeSO4H2O 17.57g、ZnSO4H2O 10.98g、MnSO4H2O13.18g、MgSO4·7H2O 263.57g、Ca(H2PO3)2·H2O 658.94g、NaCl 21.97g、NaF 0.43g。
The invention also provides a preparation method of the American eel expanded feed, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials:
weighing the raw materials in parts by weight;
(2) coarse crushing, mixing and superfine crushing:
coarsely pulverizing chicken powder, mixed vegetable protein, soybean protein concentrate, hydrolyzed feather powder, glutamic acid residue, and calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and pulverizing to obtain more than 96% particulate matter which can pass through 40 mesh screen to obtain coarsely pulverized component;
mixing choline chloride, bile acid, vitamin mixture, mineral mixture, methionine and lysine to obtain small material additive;
uniformly mixing the coarse pulverized components and the small material additive, carrying out superfine pulverization, and enabling particles pulverized to be more than 99% to pass through a 80-mesh screen to obtain superfine pulverized components;
(3) tempering, puffing and granulating:
performing steam tempering on the superfine grinding components, performing puffing granulation after tempering, and preparing into puffed particles;
(4) drying:
drying the puffed particles;
(5) vacuum oil injection:
heating the mixed vegetable oil, and spraying the heated mixed vegetable oil on the surface of the expanded particles to enable the mixed vegetable oil to permeate into pores of the feed;
(6) and (3) cooling:
and (3) cooling after vacuum oil injection, and controlling the temperature difference between the cooled feed particles and the room temperature to be less than 5 ℃ to obtain the feed.
As a preferable technical scheme, the tempering temperature in the step (3) is 99-102 ℃, the tempering time is 3min, and the moisture content of the tempered superfine grinding component is 20-23%.
As a preferable technical scheme, the puffing temperature in the step (3) is 150-160 ℃, and the puffing degree is 1.7-1.8; the particle size of the expanded particles is 2.0-2.5 mm.
As a preferable technical scheme, the drying temperature in the step (4) is 90-105 ℃, the drying time is 15min, and the water content of the dried feed particles is less than 10%.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the step (5), the mixed vegetable oil is heated to 60-70 ℃ which is higher than the heating temperature (30-40 ℃) of the traditional process, so that the grease can rapidly pass through air holes to enter the feed, and the oil content inside and outside the feed is increased.
The third aspect of the invention is to provide the application of the American eel expanded feed in American eel breeding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the protein content (45-47%) of the feed is designed according to the protein requirement of American eels, and is reduced by 4-5% compared with the protein content (47-52%) of the eel feed commonly used in the current market, so that the use amount of protein is saved, the protein waste is reduced, the feed cost is reduced, and the culture benefit is improved;
2. the fat content (15-16%) of the feed is designed according to the fat requirement of the American eels, and is higher than that of the common eel feed in the current market by 6-10%, so that the problem of insufficient fat addition of the common eel feed in the current market is solved, the fat requirement of the American eels can be met, and the rapid growth and fat accumulation of the American eels are facilitated;
3. on the premise of meeting the requirement of American eel protein, the feed utilizes mixed vegetable protein (soybean protein concentrate: cottonseed meal: corn protein powder: 2:1:1) and supplementary methionine and lysine to replace more than 20% of the amount of fish meal according to the requirement of the American eel on amino acid, thereby not only meeting the requirement of the American eel on essential amino acid, but also reducing the cost of the feed, improving the weight gain rate and feed efficiency of the American eel and improving the growth performance of the American eel; moreover, the content of the gizzard erosive element contained in the fish meal is reduced due to the reduction of the content of the fish meal, so that the incidence rate of enteritis is reduced to a certain extent;
4. the feed of the invention uses sunflower seed oil rich in linoleic acid, linseed oil rich in linolenic acid and soybean oil with lower viscosity, and the contents of the sunflower seed oil, the linseed oil and the soybean oil are as follows: sunflower seed oil: the linseed oil is mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1 to completely replace fish oil, so that the cost is reduced, and the requirement of the American eel on essential fatty acid linoleic acid and linolenic acid is met;
5. the addition mode of the grease during the preparation of the feed is as follows: the feed is added in a vacuum spraying mode with the oil temperature of 60-70 ℃, compared with the existing vacuum spraying mode at 30-40 ℃, the vacuum spraying mode is more beneficial to the grease entering the feed, and the loss of fat in water is reduced;
6. according to the feed, the concentrated soybean protein rich in micromolecular nitrogen-containing compounds, the hydrolyzed feather meal and the glutamic acid residues are added, so that the digestion and absorption speed of the feed is improved, the growth performance and the weight gain rate of the American eels are improved, the feed efficiency is improved, the feed cost is reduced, and the culture benefit is improved;
7. the bile acid added into the feed can activate the activity of lipase to carry out fat hydrolysis while emulsifying fat in the liver and intestine circulation to form emulsified fat particles, so as to form chylomicron with fatty acid and the like, so that the fatty acid can be absorbed by a permeable membrane, and the high-efficiency digestion and absorption of fat are promoted; in addition, bile acid returned to the liver can stimulate the secretion of bile, dredge intestinal tracts, eliminate harmful substances such as mycotoxin, bacterial endotoxin and the like, and thus the liver and the gallbladder are protected; the choline chloride can reduce fat accumulation and tissue deformation of the liver and the kidney, promote the recombination of amino acids and improve the utilization rate of the essential amino acid methionine in vivo; according to the feed, choline chloride is added to prevent pathological changes of liver and kidney tissues and promote amino acid metabolism, so that fat metabolism, protein metabolism and liver and gall health of the American eels are facilitated;
8. compared with powdery compound feed, the expanded feed improves the dispersion uniformity of feed particles, thereby reducing the differentiation difference of American eels, reducing the pollution to water, reducing the content of harmful bacteria and toxic substances in the water and reducing the incidence rate of diseases.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. The reagents, equipment and methods adopted by the invention are all reagents, equipment and methods which are conventionally and commercially available in the technical field and are conventionally used in the technical field.
Example 1
An American eel puffed feed comprises, by weight, 25 parts of Chilean fish meal, 10 parts of chicken powder, 20 parts of mixed vegetable protein (soybean protein concentrate: cottonseed meal: corn protein powder: 2:1:1), 3 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 2 parts of glutamic acid residue, 1 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 19.2 parts of high-gluten flour, 12 parts of mixed vegetable oil (soybean oil: sunflower seed oil: linseed oil: 1:1), 0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.1 part of bile acid, 1 part of a vitamin mixture, 1 part of a mineral mixture, 0.3 part of methionine and 0.3 part of lysine.
The raw materials can be purchased in the market, and the chicken powder is American chicken powder.
The following ingredients were included per kilogram of the vitamin mixture: biotin 0.66g, VB120.02g, 9.23g of folic acid, 221.45g of inositol, 123.73g of nicotinic acid, 591.38g of pantothenic acid, 29.53g of riboflavin and 24g of thiamine.
The following ingredients were included per kilogram of the mineral mixture: KI 0.18g, CoCl2H2O(1％)10.98g、CuSO4·5H2O 2.20g、FeSO4H2O 17.57g、ZnSO4H2O 10.98g、MnSO4H2O 13.18g、MgSO4·7H2O263.57g、Ca(H2PO3)2·H2O 658.94g、NaCl 21.97g、NaF 0.43g。
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials:
weighing the raw materials in parts by weight;
(2) coarse crushing, mixing and superfine crushing:
coarsely pulverizing chicken powder, mixed vegetable protein, soybean protein concentrate, hydrolyzed feather powder, glutamic acid residue, and calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and pulverizing to obtain more than 96% particulate matter which can pass through 40 mesh screen to obtain coarsely pulverized component;
mixing choline chloride, bile acid, vitamin mixture, mineral mixture, methionine and lysine to obtain small material additive;
uniformly mixing the coarse pulverized components and the small material additive, carrying out superfine pulverization, and enabling particles pulverized to be more than 99% to pass through a 80-mesh screen to obtain superfine pulverized components;
(3) tempering, puffing and granulating:
carrying out steam tempering on the ultra-micro crushed components, wherein the tempering temperature is 99-102 ℃, the tempering time is 3min, and the tempering is carried out until the water content of the ultra-micro crushed components is 20-23%;
performing puffing granulation after tempering, wherein the puffing temperature is 150-160 ℃, the puffing degree is 1.7-1.8, and puffing granules with the particle size of 2.0-2.5 mm are prepared;
(4) drying:
drying the puffed particles at 90-105 ℃ for 15min, wherein the moisture content of the dried particles is lower than 10%;
(5) vacuum oil injection:
heating the mixed vegetable oil to 60-70 ℃, and spraying the heated mixed vegetable oil on the surface of the puffed particles to enable the mixed vegetable oil to permeate into pores of the feed;
(6) and (3) cooling:
and (3) cooling after vacuum oil injection, controlling the temperature difference between the cooled feed particles and the room temperature to be less than 5 ℃, cooling and packaging to obtain the feed.
Example 2
The American eel puffed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 28 parts of Chile fish meal, 8 parts of chicken meal, 18 parts of mixed vegetable protein (soybean protein concentrate: cottonseed meal: corn protein powder: 2:1:1), 4 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5.1 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 3 parts of glutamic acid residue, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 19.2 parts of strong flour, 11 parts of mixed vegetable oil (soybean oil: sunflower seed oil: linseed oil: 1:1:1), 0.2 part of choline chloride, 0.3 part of bile acid, 1 part of vitamin mixture, 1 part of mineral mixture, 0.1 part of methionine and 0.1 part of lysine.
The raw materials can be purchased in the market, and the chicken powder is American chicken powder.
The vitamin mixture, mineral mixture and preparation method are the same as example 1 and are not repeated herein.
Example 3
The American eel puffed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of Chile fish meal, 5 parts of chicken meal, 15 parts of mixed vegetable protein (soybean protein concentrate: cottonseed meal: corn protein powder: 2:1:1), 5 parts of fermented soybean meal, 7 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 4 parts of glutamic acid residue, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 19 parts of strong flour, 10 parts of mixed vegetable oil (soybean oil: sunflower seed oil: linseed oil: 1:1:1), 0.2 part of choline chloride, 0.1 part of bile acid, 1.5 parts of a vitamin mixture, 1.5 parts of a mineral mixture, 0.1 part of methionine and 0.1 part of lysine.
The raw materials can be purchased in the market, and the chicken powder is American chicken powder.
The vitamin mixture, mineral mixture and preparation method are the same as example 1 and are not repeated herein.
Example 4
The American eel puffed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of Chilean fish meal, 10 parts of chicken meal, 15 parts of mixed vegetable protein, 5 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 4 parts of glutamic acid residue, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 19 parts of strong flour, 10 parts of mixed vegetable oil, 0.2 part of choline chloride, 0.1 part of bile acid, 1.5 parts of vitamin mixture, 1 part of mineral mixture, 0.1 part of methionine and 0.1 part of lysine.
The raw materials can be purchased in the market, and the muscle powder is American chicken powder.
The vitamin mixture, mineral mixture and preparation method are the same as example 1 and are not repeated herein.
Example 5
The American eel puffed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of Chilean fish meal, 5 parts of chicken meal, 20 parts of mixed vegetable protein, 3 parts of fermented soybean meal, 7 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 2 parts of glutamic acid residue, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 20 parts of strong flour, 12 parts of mixed vegetable oil, 0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.1 part of bile acid, 1 part of vitamin mixture, 1.5 parts of mineral mixture, 0.1 part of methionine and 0.1 part of lysine.
The raw materials can be purchased in the market, and the muscle powder is American chicken powder.
The vitamin mixture, mineral mixture and preparation method are the same as example 1 and are not repeated herein.
The protein content of the American eel expanded feed prepared in the embodiments 1 to 5 is 45 to 47 percent, the protein requirement of American eels can be met, and the protein content is 4 to 5 percent lower than that of common eel feed in the market; the fat content can reach 15-16%, which is 6-10% higher than that of common eel feed in the market; the available energy value is 19-20 kJ/g, which is slightly higher than that of common eel feed in the market.
Comparative example 1
The common commercial eel puffed feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 62 parts of Chilean fish meal, 10 parts of chicken meal, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 19.5 parts of high gluten flour, 4 parts of sardine oil, 1.5 parts of vitamin mixture and 1.5 parts of mineral mixture.
The vitamin mixture and mineral mixture were the same as in example 1.
The feed has a crude protein content of about 51.4% and a crude fat content of about 9.6%, and an available energy value of 18.7 kJ/g.
Comparative example 2
A common commercial eel powdery compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 69 parts of Peru super fish meal, 1 part of wheat gluten, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 24 parts of cassava pregelatinized starch, 1.5 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of a vitamin mixture and 1.5 parts of a mineral mixture.
The vitamin mixture and mineral mixture were the same as in example 1.
The feed has crude protein content of about 49.0%, crude fat content of about 7.2%, and available energy value of 18.3 kJ/g.
Test example 1
A comparative breeding test was carried out using the american eel expanded feed of example 1 and the normal eel feed of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2.
The test site is a rural Wan village eel farm in Wancun county of Dexing city in Jiangxi province, and the test time is 7/1/2019 to 10/1/2019. The experimental eel is American eel of about 100g, the experimental eel comes from a rural Wancunquan eel farm in Dexing city of Jiangxi province, 9 thousands of American eels with healthy appearance and uniform specification are selected and respectively transferred into 9 experimental net cages (the specification of the net cage is 10.0m multiplied by 1.3m, the water depth is 0.7m), 1 ten thousands of the American eels are temporarily cultured for one week, and the eel is fed with the feed of the comparative example 1 and/or the comparative example 2 once every day at the ratio of 5:00 and 17:00, so that the eel is suitable for the culture environment and the feed. And then randomly dividing the temporarily-cultured fish into 3 groups, wherein each group comprises 3 net cages, and feeding the temporarily-cultured fish with the artificial saturated diet at a fixed time of 5:00 and 17:00 every day. The No. 1 net cage is fed with American eel expanded feed of the invention example 1 as a test group; the 2 nd group of net cages is fed with the common eel expanded feed of the comparative example 1 as a control group 1; the 3 rd group of net cages was fed with the powdery compound feed for common eel of comparative example 2 as a control group 2. The daily food intake and the dead fish number (and the number of individuals dead due to enteritis) of each net cage are recorded, and after the experiment is finished, relevant experimental data are counted (after 20 eel tails with uniform sizes are randomly selected by each net cage for sampling the crude fat data of the fish bodies, the crude fat content of the whole fishes is measured). The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 test results data sheet
Figure BDA0002616340300000131
Note: the difference is marked in the table by different lower case letters after the same column of data (P < 0.05).
Survival (%). 100 × experiment end mantissa/experiment start mantissa
Weight gain (%) of 100 × (final weight-initial weight)/initial weight
The feeding rate (%/d) is 100 times the average feed weight ingested by each fish/[ (fish weight at the end of experiment + fish weight at the beginning of experiment)/2 times the number of days of the cultivation experiment ]
Efficiency of feed (final weight-initial weight)/feed feeding amount
Enteritis lethality (%) -100 × enteritis death tail/experiment start tail
All experimental data are expressed as mean ± standard error, and data were analyzed for One-way ANOVA using SPSS 17.0, with significant differences (P <0.05) followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons (Tukey's multiple comparisons).
The results from table 1 show that: the weight gain rate of the test group is obviously higher than that of the control group 1 and the control group 2 in sequence; the survival rate, the feed efficiency and the crude fat content of the test group are all obviously higher than those of the control group 2, and the enteritis lethality rate is obviously lower than that of the control group 2. The result shows that the expanded feed of the example 1 can obviously improve the growth rate of the American eels, promote fat accumulation, benefit the intestinal health of the American eels and improve the culture benefit.
Test example 2
A comparative breeding test was carried out using the American eel expanded feed prepared in example 2 and the normal eel feed of comparative examples 1 and 2.
The test site is a fish pond 1 in Yuxi Zhen of Fuqing city in Fujian province, and the test time is 10 and 15 days in 2019 to 1 and 15 days in 2020. The experimental eel is American eel of about 100g, the experimental eel is from eel farm 1 of Fuqing city of Fujian province, selecting 18-20 thousands of American eels with healthy appearance and uniform specification, and placing into large pond (intensive culture cement pond with water surface area of 500 m)2Water depth 0.6m) for one week and fed with the feed of comparative example 1 and/or comparative example 2 once per day at 5:00 and 17:00 times, respectively, to adapt the eel to the culture environment and feed. Then the temporarily cultured fish are respectively transferred into 9 intensive culture cement ponds (the water surface area is 300 m)2And water depth: 0.6m), 2 thousands of tails per pond, and randomly divided into 3 groups, each group is repeated for 3 times, and artificial satiation feeding is carried out at the timing of 5:00 and 17:00 every day. Group 1 was fed with the American eel expanded feed of example 2 of the present invention as a test group; the group 2 was fed with the expanded feed of the common eel of the comparative example 1 as a control group 1; group 3 was fed with the normal eel powdery compound feed of comparative example 2 asControl group 2. Recording daily food intake and number of dead fish (and number of individuals who died due to enteritis); the test was conducted with groundwater and reservoir as 1:1, mixing and using, and counting related experimental data after the experiment is finished (after 20 eel tails with uniform size are randomly selected from each intensive culture pond for fish body crude fat data sampling, the crude fat content of the whole fish is measured). The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 test results data sheet
Figure BDA0002616340300000141
Note: the difference is marked in the table by different lower case letters after the same column of data (P < 0.05).
The data processing and expression modes of survival rate, weight gain rate, feeding rate, feed efficiency and enteritis lethality rate are the same as those of the experimental example 1.
The results from table 2 show that: the weight gain rate and the feed efficiency of the test group are respectively and obviously higher than those of the control group 1 and the control group 2; the crude fat content of the test group is obviously higher than that of the control group 2, and the enteritis lethality rate is obviously lower than that of the control group 1 and the control group 2 in sequence. The result shows that the expanded feed of the example 2 can obviously improve the growth rate of the American eels, promote the fat accumulation, benefit the intestinal health of the American eels and improve the culture benefit.
Test example 3
A comparative breeding test was carried out using the American eel expanded feed prepared in example 3 and the normal eel feeds of comparative examples 1 and 2.
The test site is a fish pond 2 in the fishery, creek and town of Fuqing city in Fujian province, and the test time is 10 and 15 days in 2019 to 1 and 15 days in 2020. The experimental eel is American eel of about 100g, the experimental eel is from fish brook eel farm 2 in Fuqing city of Fujian province, the American eel 18-20 thousands of which have healthy appearance and uniform specification is selected and put into a large pool (intensive culture cement pool, water surface area 500 m)2Water depth 0.6m) for one week and fed with the feed of comparative example 1 and/or comparative example 2 once per day at 5:00 and 17:00 times, respectively, to adapt the eel to the culture environment and feed. Then the temporarily cultured fish are respectively transferred into 9 intensive culture cement ponds (the water surface area is 300)m2Water depth 0.6m), 2 thousands of tails per pond, and randomly divided into 3 groups, each group is repeated for 3 times, and the artificial feeding is carried out at regular time of 5:00 and 17:00 every day. Group 1 was fed with the American eel expanded feed of example 3 of the present invention as a test group; the group 2 was fed with the expanded feed of the general commercial eel of the comparative example 1 as a control group 1; the group 3 was fed with the ordinary commercial eel powdered compound feed of comparative example 2 as a control group 2. Recording daily food intake and number of dead fish (and number of individuals who died due to enteritis); the test completely adopts underground water, and related experimental data are counted after the experiment is finished (after 20 eel tails with uniform size are randomly selected from each intensive culture pond for fish body crude fat data sampling, the crude fat content of the whole fish is measured). The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 test results data sheet
Figure BDA0002616340300000161
Note: the difference is marked in the table by different lower case letters after the same column of data (P < 0.05).
The data processing and expression modes of survival rate, weight gain rate, feeding rate, feed efficiency and enteritis lethality rate are the same as those of the experimental example 1.
The results from table 3 show that: the weight gain rate, the feed efficiency and the crude fat content of the test group are all obviously higher than those of a control group 1 and a control group 2 in sequence; the enteritis lethality of the test group is obviously lower than that of the control group 1 and that of the control group 2 in sequence. The result shows that the expanded feed of the example 3 can obviously improve the growth rate of the American eels, promote the fat accumulation, benefit the intestinal health of the American eels and improve the culture benefit.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and their concepts should be considered to be equivalent or modified within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The American eel expanded feed is characterized by comprising the following components: fish meal, chicken meal, mixed vegetable protein, fermented soybean meal, hydrolyzed feather meal, glutamic acid residue, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, high gluten flour, mixed vegetable oil, choline chloride, bile acid, a vitamin mixture, a mineral substance mixture, methionine and lysine.
2. The american eel expanded feed of claim 1, wherein the fish meal comprises chile meal.
3. The American eel expanded feed as claimed in claim 2, wherein the American eel expanded feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of Chilean fish meal, 5-10 parts of chicken meal, 15-20 parts of mixed vegetable protein, 3-5 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5-7 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 2-4 parts of glutamic acid residue, 1-1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 19-20 parts of high gluten flour, 10-12 parts of mixed vegetable oil, 0.1-0.2 part of choline chloride, 0.1-0.3 part of bile acid, 1-1.5 parts of vitamin mixture, 1-1.5 parts of mineral substance mixture, 0.1-0.3 part of methionine and 0.1-0.3 part of lysine.
4. The American eel expanded feed as claimed in claim 3, wherein the American eel expanded feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of Chilean fish meal, 10 parts of chicken meal, 20 parts of mixed vegetable protein, 3 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 2 parts of glutamic acid residue, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 19.2 parts of strong flour, 12 parts of mixed vegetable oil, 0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.1 part of bile acid, 1 part of vitamin mixture, 1 part of mineral mixture, 0.3 part of methionine and 0.3 part of lysine.
5. The American eel expanded feed as claimed in claim 3, wherein the American eel expanded feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 28 parts of Chilean fish meal, 8 parts of chicken meal, 18 parts of mixed vegetable protein, 4 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5.1 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 3 parts of glutamic acid residue, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 19.2 parts of strong flour, 11 parts of mixed vegetable oil, 0.2 part of choline chloride, 0.3 part of bile acid, 1 part of vitamin mixture, 1 part of mineral mixture, 0.1 part of methionine and 0.1 part of lysine.
6. The American eel expanded feed as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mixed vegetable protein comprises soybean protein concentrate, cottonseed meal and corn protein powder in a mass ratio of 2:1: 1;
the mixed vegetable oil comprises soybean oil, sunflower seed oil and linseed oil, and the volume ratio of the soybean oil to the sunflower seed oil to the linseed oil is 1:1: 1.
7. The American eel expanded feed of claim 3, wherein the following ingredients are included per kg of the vitamin mixture: biotin 0.66g, VB120.02g, 9.23g of folic acid, 221.45g of inositol, 123.73g of nicotinic acid, 591.38g of pantothenic acid, 29.53g of riboflavin and 24g of thiamine;
the following ingredients were included per kilogram of the mineral mixture: KI 0.18g, CoCl2H2O 10.98g、CuSO4·5H2O2.20g、FeSO4H2O 17.57g、ZnSO4H2O 10.98g、MnSO4H2O 13.18g、MgSO4·7H2O 263.57g、Ca(H2PO3)2·H2O 658.94g、NaCl 21.97g、NaF 0.43g。
8. A method for preparing the American eel expanded feed as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 7, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials:
weighing the raw materials in parts by weight;
(2) coarse crushing, mixing and superfine crushing:
coarsely pulverizing chicken powder, mixed vegetable protein, soybean protein concentrate, hydrolyzed feather powder, glutamic acid residue, and calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and pulverizing to obtain more than 96% particulate matter which can pass through 40 mesh screen to obtain coarsely pulverized component;
mixing choline chloride, bile acid, vitamin mixture, mineral mixture, methionine and lysine to obtain small material additive;
uniformly mixing the coarse pulverized components and the small material additive, carrying out superfine pulverization, and enabling particles pulverized to be more than 99% to pass through a 80-mesh screen to obtain superfine pulverized components;
(3) tempering, puffing and granulating:
performing steam tempering on the superfine grinding components, performing puffing granulation after tempering, and preparing into puffed particles;
(4) drying:
drying the puffed particles;
(5) vacuum oil injection:
heating the mixed vegetable oil, and spraying the heated mixed vegetable oil on the surface of the expanded particles to enable the mixed vegetable oil to permeate into pores of the feed;
(6) and (3) cooling:
and (3) cooling after vacuum oil injection, and controlling the temperature difference between the cooled feed particles and the room temperature to be less than 5 ℃ to obtain the feed.
9. The method for preparing the American eel expanded feed according to claim 8, wherein the tempering temperature in the step (3) is 99-102 ℃, the tempering time is 3min, and the moisture content of the tempered and ultrafine-ground components is 20-23%; the puffing temperature is 150-160 ℃, and the puffing degree is 1.7-1.8; the particle size of the expanded particles is 2.0-2.5 mm;
the drying temperature of the step (4) is 90-105 ℃, the drying time is 15min, and the water content of the dried feed particles is lower than 10%;
and (5) heating the mixed vegetable oil to 60-70 ℃.
10. Use of the American eel expanded feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 in American eel breeding.
CN202010770357.3A 2020-08-04 2020-08-04 American eel puffed feed and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN111743053A (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN101040658A (en) * 2006-12-13 2007-09-26 福建天马饲料有限公司 Expanded pelleted feed of grown eel fishes without pollution
CN110731428A (en) * 2019-11-18 2020-01-31 福建海大饲料有限公司 puffed compound feed for breeding black fry eel

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101040658A (en) * 2006-12-13 2007-09-26 福建天马饲料有限公司 Expanded pelleted feed of grown eel fishes without pollution
CN110731428A (en) * 2019-11-18 2020-01-31 福建海大饲料有限公司 puffed compound feed for breeding black fry eel

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