CN115462478A - Abalone compound feed for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora and application thereof - Google Patents
Abalone compound feed for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115462478A CN115462478A CN202211025965.7A CN202211025965A CN115462478A CN 115462478 A CN115462478 A CN 115462478A CN 202211025965 A CN202211025965 A CN 202211025965A CN 115462478 A CN115462478 A CN 115462478A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- abalone
- feed
- compound
- parts
- intestinal flora
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/111—Aromatic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
An abalone compound feed for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of aquatic feeds. The compound feed for abalone comprises: fish meal, gluten powder, soybean meal, high gluten flour, kelp powder, an adhesive, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, compound vitamins, compound mineral substances, sodium alginate and curcumin. The compound feed is applied to abalone culture, can stimulate the cellular immune response of abalones infected by Vibrio harveyi, and reduce the mortality rate of Vibrio harveyi infection; promote the growth of abalone and the growth and proliferation of beneficial intestinal flora, reduce the feed waste and reduce the feed coefficient; improving the activity of abalone serum and liver antioxidant enzyme, reducing the generation of lipid peroxidation products and protecting the liver health. Curcumin is a pure natural polyphenol compound, has the potential of continuously replacing antibiotics, reduces the possibility of bacterial drug resistance, drug residue and intestinal flora imbalance caused by using antibiotics and chemical drugs, and is beneficial to the growth and survival of the abalone.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic feeds, and particularly relates to an abalone compound feed for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora and application thereof.
Background
Abalone is famous for its rich nutrition, pleasant taste and considerable medicinal value, and is one of the most commercially valuable gastropods in our country. In the last decade, the aquaculture yield of the abalones in China rises year by year, and according to latest Chinese fishery statistics, the annual yield of the abalones in 2020 of China reaches 20.35 ten thousand tons, which is nearly doubled compared with 5.65 ten thousand tons in 2010. However, natural abalone baits (asparagus and kelp) with single nutrient and unstable quality sources and common commercial feeds which can only meet the basic nutritional requirements of abalones and lack functionality are difficult to meet the rapid and healthy sustainable development of the abalone aquaculture industry. In addition, the rapid development of the abalone culture industry inevitably leads to the intensification of the abalone culture industry, a series of problems such as overhigh culture density, insufficient culture management experience, antibiotic abuse and the like also occur in the intensified culture process, and the problems inevitably enlarge the stress source of the abalone culture industry and increase the risk of disease outbreak. Vibrio is generally regarded as the main pathogenic strain of marine invertebrates, and has a great threat to the abalone culture industry. In order to reduce economic losses and increase yield, the abalone farming industry generally uses antibiotics and chemicals to prevent and fight bacterial infection, but the use of antibiotics and chemicals can cause negative effects in various aspects such as bacterial resistance, drug residues and intestinal flora imbalance.
With the global disablement of antibiotics, the search for efficient and environmentally friendly alternatives to antibiotics and chemicals is imminent. In recent years, natural polyphenol compounds have attracted much interest because of their low price, wide sources, environmental protection, and immune system improvement and anti-oxidative stress properties. As one of sustainable alternatives to antibiotics, natural polyphenols including curcumin have been the subject of active scientific research in china, japan, korea and thailand.
Curcumin (C) 21 H 2O O 6 ) Is a yellow acidic polyphenol compound extracted from rhizome of Curcuma longa L of Zingiberaceae, and has physiological functions of promoting growth, protecting liver, reducing blood lipid, resisting inflammation, resisting oxidation, resisting bacteria, regulating immunity, etc. as main bioactive molecule in Curcuma longa L. Curcumin has long been used in the fields of food, medicine, livestock and aquaculture as a safe flavoring agent, preservative, coloring agent and growth immunopotentiator. Many researches show that the growth performance and immunity of aquatic organisms such as litopenaeus vannamei, penaeus vannamei, rainbow trout, grass carp and the like can be improved by supplementing a proper amount of curcumin in daily ration, the proliferation of intestinal beneficial floras of snapper and nile tilapia can be promoted, and the abundance of pathogenic floras can be reduced. However, excessive supplementation of curcumin in the ration negatively affects the growth and survival of aquatic organisms, and the optimal amount of curcumin added in the ration varies depending on the growth stage and species of the farmed species. Therefore, the optimal addition amount of curcumin is determined, so that the potential of curcumin for replacing antibiotics can be exerted to the maximum extent and the maximum economic benefit of aquaculture industry can be realized.
In recent years, problems of slow growth speed, high disease outbreak and high death rate and the like caused by intensive abalone culture mode are receiving more and more high attention from nutritionists and the industry. Chinese invention patent CN113100354 discloses a biologically fermented feed for inhibiting vibrio and abalone. The bacteriostatic effect of the invention is mainly realized by fermenting raw materials of complex enzyme, bacillus safensis and lactobacillus acidophilus. CN113841812A discloses an abalone feed formula with an antibacterial function, a production process and equipment. The two patents mainly provide a production process and equipment for the abalone bacteriostatic feed, and the production process and equipment are not actually applied to experimental animals, so that the bacteriostatic effect is not clear, and a possibility is provided for the development and application of the abalone bacteriostatic feed. The patent application CN107223803 discloses a Chinese herbal medicine disease-resistant nutritional compound feed for abalone and a preparation method thereof, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine disease-resistant additive is prepared by mixing gynostemma pentaphylla, astragalus membranaceus, liquorice, isatis root, bunge corydalis herb, dandelion, semen cuscutae, plantain herb, sweet wormwood herb and houttuynia cordata according to a certain proportion and performing ultrasonic extraction. Similarly, patent application CN103844042 discloses a feed additive capable of enhancing immunity of abalone, which comprises complex bacteria, organic selenium, photosynthetic bacteria, calcium hydrogen phosphate, complex vitamins and beta-glucan. However, the disease-resistant additive disclosed by the invention has the risks of generating toxic and harmful substances due to complex raw material sources, higher raw material cost, complex preparation process, improper fermentation or improper compatibility of Chinese herbal medicines and the like, and is difficult to be widely applied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a compound feed for abalone capable of enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora and an application thereof, aiming at the defects in the prior art. The compound feed can enhance the cellular immunity and disease resistance of the abalone, and can improve the capabilities of food digestion, nutrition metabolism and immune steady state maintenance of the abalone by improving the intestinal flora structure of the abalone, thereby reducing the abalone culture risk, shortening the culture period and promoting the healthy sustainable development of the abalone culture industry.
The compound feed for the abalones, which can enhance immunity and improve intestinal flora, comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 to 200 portions of fish meal, 80 to 150 portions of wheat gluten, 100 to 200 portions of bean pulp, 100 to 200 portions of high gluten flour, 150 to 300 portions of kelp powder, 60 to 150 portions of adhesive, 10 to 40 portions of soybean lecithin, 10 to 20 portions of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 to 10 portions of choline chloride, 10 to 30 portions of compound vitamin, 10 to 30 portions of compound mineral, 20 to 35 portions of sodium alginate and 0.1 to 1 portion of curcumin.
In the compound feed, curcumin has certain pungent taste (acrid taste), and has obvious effects of promoting food intake and digestion for vegetarian shellfish which mainly depends on smell to search food and has long food intake time, such as abalone. The curcumin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial properties, can well repair intestinal injury of abalones, improve the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes, maintain the stable intestinal flora, and finally improve the growth performance and immunity of the abalones.
As a preferable technical scheme, the compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 150 parts of fish meal, 120 parts of vital gluten, 135 parts of soybean meal, 130 parts of strong flour, 250 parts of kelp powder, 100 parts of adhesive, 20 parts of soybean lecithin, 10 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 5 parts of choline chloride, 20 parts of compound vitamin, 30 parts of compound mineral, 30 parts of sodium alginate and 0.1-1 part of curcumin.
In the compound feed, the proportion principle of the components in parts by weight is formulated according to the nutritional requirements of the growth and development of the abalones, including the requirements on proteins (amino acids), fats (fatty acids), saccharides, vitamins, minerals and the like. Wherein, the adhesive with higher dosage is used for improving the stability of the compound feed in water and preventing the dispersion of the flaky feed from influencing the ingestion of the abalone and polluting the water quality.
As a preferable technical scheme, the adhesive comprises 50 parts of dextrin and 50 parts of alpha-starch, and the analytical purity is not lower than 98%.
As a preferable technical scheme, the addition amount of the curcumin is 0.05-1 part.
As a preferable technical scheme, the addition amount of the curcumin is 0.05-0.8 part.
As a preferred technical scheme, the analytical purity of the curcumin is not less than 95%.
As a preferable technical scheme, the compound vitamin in each kilogram of compound feed comprises the following components: 2.01g of vitamin A, 6.7g of vitamin B, 2g of vitamin B, 6g of vitamin B, 12.01 g of vitamin B, 100g of vitamin C, 30.41g of vitamin D, 0.02g of vitamin E, 3.4g of vitamin K, 3.3g of folic acid, 26.5g of D-pantothenic acid, 0.34g of D-biotin, 53.5g of nicotinamide, 80g of inositol and 705.81g of defatted rice bran.
As a preferred technical scheme, the compound mineral substance comprises the following components in each kilogram of compound feed: 12g of ferrous sulfate, 8g of magnesium sulfate, 5g of zinc sulfate, 1g of copper sulfate, 1g of manganese sulfate, 0.065g of potassium iodate, 0.025g of sodium selenite, 0.06g of cobalt chloride, 200g of rice bran and 772.85g of zeolite powder.
As a preferable technical scheme, the preparation method of the abalone compound feed for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials in parts by weight from small to large in sequence, mixing the raw materials step by step, crushing the raw materials by a superfine crusher through a 100-mesh sieve, adding distilled water accounting for 20-30% of the total mass of the raw materials into the sieved raw materials, further mixing the raw materials in a stirrer, uniformly mixing the mixture to obtain a soft flour-like mixture, transferring the mixture to a roller press to be thinned, cutting the mixture into flaky feed, and then cooking, curing, drying and screening the flaky feed to obtain the compound feed.
As a preferable technical scheme, the length of the flaky feed is 2cm, the width of the flaky feed is 2cm, and the thickness of the flaky feed is 0.5cm.
As a preferable technical scheme, the curing temperature is 105 ℃, and the curing time is 10min.
As a preferable technical scheme, the drying temperature is 60 ℃, the drying time is 6h, and the feed water content is lower than 10%.
The invention also provides application of the compound feed for the abalones, which can enhance immunity and improve intestinal flora, in the cultivation of the abalones.
Compared with the disease-resistant additive disclosed by the invention patents, the invention has the advantages that: 1) The immunostimulant is derived from turmeric which can be used as both medicine and food, has wide source and low price, and the purity of the curcumin is as high as 95 percent; 2) The curcumin extraction process is simple, and toxic and harmful substances are hardly generated in the extraction process; 3) The immunostimulant of the invention can achieve the expected effect by adding with high efficiency, green and small dosage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the nutrition is balanced, the reasonable proportion of animal and plant protein sources and various fatty acids is fully considered, and the abalones can grow healthily and quickly after eating the feed.
2. The curcumin contained in the compound feed has multiple physiological functions of promoting growth, protecting liver, reducing fat, resisting inflammation, resisting oxidation, resisting bacteria, regulating immunity and the like, is efficient, green, nontoxic and harmless, and can improve the growth performance, oxidation resistance and cell immunity and resistance of abalones under the stress of vibrios
3. The curcumin contained in the compound feed also has the function of regulating and controlling the structure of intestinal flora, and can promote the proliferation and differentiation of beneficial abalone intestinal flora, thereby improving the capabilities of food digestion, nutrition metabolism and immune steady state maintenance of organisms.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of the feed of comparative examples 1 and 5 of the present invention on the cellular immune response of Haliotis winogradskyi infected with Vibrio harveyi. A) total blood cell count (THC), B) blood cell mortality, and C) phagocytic activity and D) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Different letters in different groups represent significant differences (P < 0.05).
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of the feed of comparative example 1 (group a) and example 2 (group B) on the beta diversity of haliotis discus hannai intestinal flora. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on PC1 and PC2 axes of unweighted uniform coordinate distance; PCoA uses the PC1 and PC2 axes based on weighted uniform distance.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of the feeds of comparative example 1 (group A) and example 2 (group B) according to the present invention on intestinal flora of Haliotis discus hannai at phylum (A) and genus (B) levels.
Detailed Description
In order to make the advantages of the present invention more apparent, the purpose and technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are only some, and not all embodiments of the invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention are only for explaining the present invention and do not limit the present invention. The reagents used in the present invention can be obtained commercially, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The abalone compound feed for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora comprises the following raw materials in each kilogram of compound feed: 150g of fish meal, 120g of wheat gluten, 135g of soybean meal, 129.95g of strong flour, 250g of kelp powder, 100g of adhesive, 20g of soybean lecithin, 10g of monocalcium phosphate, 5g of choline chloride, 20g of compound vitamin, 30g of compound mineral substance, 30g of sodium alginate and 50mg of curcumin.
The adhesive comprises: 50g of dextrin and 50g of alpha-starch.
A preparation method of abalone compound feed for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials of the components in a sequence from small to large in parts by weight, mixing the raw materials step by step, crushing the raw materials by an ultrafine crusher, sieving the raw materials by a 100-mesh sieve, adding distilled water accounting for 20-30% of the total mass of the raw materials into each sieved raw material, mixing the mixture in a stirrer to obtain a soft and sandy mixture, transferring the mixture into a roller press to be thinned and cut into sheets, and then cooking, curing, drying and screening the sheets to obtain the compound feed.
The length of the flaky feed is 2cm, the width of the flaky feed is 2cm, and the thickness of the flaky feed is 0.5cm.
The curing temperature is 105 ℃, and the curing time is 10min.
The drying temperature is 60 ℃, the drying time is 6h, and the feed water content is less than 10%.
The feed obtained in this example had a crude protein content of 32.50% and a crude fat content of 3.89%.
Example 2
The abalone compound feed for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora comprises the following raw materials in each kilogram of compound feed: 150g of fish meal, 120g of wheat gluten, 135g of soybean meal, 129.9g of high gluten flour, 250g of kelp powder, 100g of adhesive, 20g of soybean lecithin, 10g of monocalcium phosphate, 5g of choline chloride, 20g of compound vitamin, 30g of compound mineral, 30g of sodium alginate and 100mg of curcumin.
The adhesive comprises: 50g of dextrin and 50g of alpha-starch.
A compound feed for abalone for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora, the preparation method and the specific operation steps are the same as the example 1.
The feed obtained in this example had a crude protein content of 32.14% and a crude fat content of 3.72%.
Example 3
The abalone compound feed for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora comprises the following raw materials in each kilogram of compound feed: 150g of fish meal, 120g of wheat gluten, 135g of soybean meal, 129.8g of high gluten flour, 250g of kelp powder, 100g of adhesive, 20g of soybean lecithin, 10g of monocalcium phosphate, 5g of choline chloride, 20g of compound vitamin, 30g of compound mineral, 30g of sodium alginate and 200mg of curcumin.
The adhesive comprises: 50g of dextrin and 50g of alpha-starch.
A compound feed for abalone for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora, the preparation method and the specific operation steps are the same as the example 1.
The feed obtained in this example had a crude protein content of 33.10% and a crude fat content of 3.81%.
Example 4
The abalone compound feed for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora comprises the following raw materials in each kilogram of compound feed: 150g of fish meal, 120g of wheat gluten, 135g of soybean meal, 129.6g of strong flour, 250g of kelp powder, 100g of adhesive, 20g of soybean lecithin, 10g of monocalcium phosphate, 5g of choline chloride, 20g of compound vitamin, 30g of compound mineral substance, 30g of sodium alginate and 400mg of curcumin.
The adhesive comprises: 50g of dextrin and 50g of alpha-starch.
A compound feed for abalone for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora, the preparation method and the specific operation steps are the same as the example 1.
The feed obtained in this example had a crude protein content of 32.34% and a crude fat content of 3.69%.
Example 5
The abalone compound feed for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora comprises the following raw materials in each kilogram of compound feed: 150g of fish meal, 120g of wheat gluten, 135g of soybean meal, 129.2g of high gluten flour, 250g of kelp powder, 100g of adhesive, 20g of soybean lecithin, 10g of monocalcium phosphate, 5g of choline chloride, 20g of compound vitamin, 30g of compound mineral, 30g of sodium alginate and 800mg of curcumin.
The adhesive comprises: 50g of dextrin and 50g of alpha-starch.
A compound feed for abalone for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora, the preparation method and the specific operation steps are the same as those in example 1.
The feed obtained in this example had a crude protein content of 32.35% and a crude fat content of 3.60%.
Example 6
The abalone compound feed for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora comprises the following raw materials in each kilogram of compound feed: 130g of fish meal, 120g of wheat gluten, 145g of soybean meal, 129.9g of high gluten flour, 260g of kelp powder, 100g of adhesive, 20g of soybean lecithin, 10g of monocalcium phosphate, 5g of choline chloride, 20g of compound vitamin, 30g of compound mineral, 30g of sodium alginate and 100mg of curcumin.
The adhesive comprises: 50g of dextrin and 50g of alpha-starch.
A compound feed for abalone for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora, the preparation method and the specific operation steps are the same as the example 1.
Example 7
The abalone compound feed for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora comprises the following raw materials in each kilogram of compound feed: 100g of fish meal, 140g of wheat gluten, 145g of soybean meal, 129.85g of strong flour, 260g of kelp powder, 100g of adhesive, 20g of soybean lecithin, 10g of monocalcium phosphate, 5g of choline chloride, 20g of compound vitamin, 30g of compound mineral, 30g of sodium alginate and 150mg of curcumin.
The adhesive comprises: 50g of dextrin and 50g of alpha-starch.
A compound feed for abalone for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora, the preparation method and the specific operation steps are the same as the example 1.
Example 8
The abalone compound feed for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora comprises the following raw materials in each kilogram of compound feed: 100g of fish meal, 140g of wheat gluten, 145g of soybean meal, 129.8g of strong flour, 260g of kelp powder, 100g of adhesive, 20g of soybean lecithin, 10g of monocalcium phosphate, 5g of choline chloride, 20g of compound vitamin, 30g of compound mineral substance, 30g of sodium alginate and 200mg of curcumin.
The adhesive comprises: 50g of dextrin and 50g of alpha-starch.
A compound feed for abalone for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora, the preparation method and the specific operation steps are the same as those in example 1.
Comparative example 1
A control group feed without curcumin comprises the following raw materials per kilogram of compound feed: 150g of fish meal, 120g of wheat gluten, 135g of soybean meal, 130g of strong flour, 250g of kelp powder, 100g of adhesive, 20g of soybean lecithin, 10g of monocalcium phosphate, 5g of choline chloride, 20g of compound vitamin, 30g of compound mineral and 30g of sodium alginate.
The adhesive comprises: 50g of dextrin and 50g of alpha-starch.
A compound feed for abalone for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora, the preparation method and the specific operation steps are the same as the example 1.
The feed obtained in this comparative example had a crude protein content of 32.53% and a crude fat content of 3.98%.
Comparative example 2
A commercial feed for common abalone contains crude protein 38.58% and crude fat 3.29%.
The experimental example of the present invention provides the following applications of the feed prepared in the above-mentioned embodiments and comparative examples in abalone culture:
1. test materials and methods
1. Test animal
The test animals used in the invention are all 18-month-old haliotis discuses hannai of the same batch after artificial incubation. Before the test is started, all haliotis discus hannai is fed with the feed (commercial feed for the ordinary haliotis discus hannai) of the comparative example 2 in a cement pond (8 m multiplied by 2.2m multiplied by 0.8 m) for temporary culture for 15 days so as to adapt to the feed and culture environment. After the acclimation test was completed, 840 Haliotis discuses hannai (average initial shell length: 59.47 + -0.08 mm; average initial body weight: 24.68 + -0.07 g) were randomly allocated to 42 breeding cages (6 cages per group, 20 Haliotis per cage).
2. Cultivation test and cultivation management
During the breeding trials, 18:00 feeding each group of test feed, and adjusting the feeding amount of each day according to the rest feed in the last time in order to ensure obvious satiety, wherein the culture period is 100 days. The next day 7:00, recording the number of dead abalones and the remaining feed the day before collection, replacing two thirds of fresh seawater and using aerated seawater flow to ensure good water quality. Water quality indexes measured in the breeding test are as follows: water temperature: 22 to 23 ℃; dissolved oxygen: salinity of 7.15-7.28 mg/L: 31-32 g/L and pH value: 7.9 to 8.1.
3. Sample collection and analysis
After the culture test is finished, all the abalones are starved for 3 days to empty intestinal tracts, and the abalones are counted, measured and weighed to calculate the survival rate, the daily growth rate of shells, the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate. From each group, 12 abalone were randomly selected, about 1mL of hemolymph was collected from the blood sinuses of the foot muscles using a sterile syringe, and immediately centrifuged at 3000 xg for 10min, and serum was collected for antioxidant parameter analysis. The hepatopancreas and intestinal tracts of abalone were collected from abalone from which hemolymph had been drawn, immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored in a-80 ℃ freezer for analysis of hepatic antioxidant parameters and intestinal microbiome.
4. Vibrio harveyi AP37 strain infection test
After the culture test is finished, 45 abalones are randomly selected from 5 example groups and 2 comparative example groups to study the influence of the survival rate of the abalones cultured by the compound feed of each example group and the comparative example group under the stress of the vibrio harveyi AP37 strain (3 replicates in each group and 15 abalones in each replicate). Vibrio harveyi AP37 is a strain isolated from diseased Haliotis diversicolor and has been shown to have pathogenic activity against Haliotis diversicolor. Prior to infection experiments, vibrio harveyi AP37 strain was activated by culturing in 2216E medium at 37 ℃ for 24 hoursIn advance, it has been determined that the 7-day semilethal concentration of Vibrio harveyi AP37 strain on Haliotis discus hannai is 1.0X 10 7 CFU/mL. 50 μ L of 1.0X 10 per abalone was injected intramuscularly using a microinjector 7 CFU/mL of Vibrio harveyi AP37 suspension, and another 15 injections of an equal volume of sterile seawater served as a negative control. During the 168h Vibrio harveyi AP37 strain infection test, all abalone were kept without feed, and mortality of abalone was recorded at 9 am and 6 pm.
According to infection test results and pre-test results, the sublethal concentration (3.0X 10) of Haliotis discus hannai is selected 6 CFU/mL) was added to the suspension of vibrio harveyi AP37 strain to evaluate the effect on the blood cell immune response of compound feed-fed abalone in each of the example group and the comparative example group. Using a microinjector, 30 abalone per group were injected intramuscularly with 50. Mu.L of 3.0X 10 6 CFU/mL suspension of Vibrio harveyi AP37 strain, and another 10 injections of an equal volume of sterile seawater were used as negative controls. During infection experiments, three abalone were randomly selected per group and hemolymph was collected at 0 (negative control), 48 and 96h (approximately 2mL hemolymph per abalone) for determination of total blood cell count (THC), blood cell mortality, reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and phagocytic activity.
5. Statistical and analytical method of experimental data
Survival rate (%) =100 × (number of surviving abalones at experimental end/number of surviving abalones at experimental beginning)
Biological increment (g) = total biomass at end of experiment-total biomass at initial of experiment
Feed conversion (%) = ingested feed dry weight/(total biomass at end of experiment-total biomass at start of experiment)
Protein efficiency (%) = (total biomass at end of experiment-total biomass at initial end of experiment)/(dry weight of ingested feed x protein content of feed)
All data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. Firstly adopting one-factor variance analysis, and when the difference between each group has statistical significance, then adopting Duncan's to carry out multiple comparison, wherein P <0.05 represents that the statistical significance is significant.
2. Test results
1. Survival, growth performance and efficiency of feed utilization
The effect of 5 groups of example feeds on the survival, growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of haliotis discus hannai on the comparative feed to 2 groups is shown in table 1. The survival rate of the haliotis discus hannai is changed between 85% and 91.67% for the 7 test feeds for continuously feeding the haliotis discus hannai for 100 days, wherein the survival rate of the haliotis discus hannai of the feed fed by the example 2 is the highest and is obviously higher than that of the two groups of the comparative example feeds (P < 0.05), but has no obvious difference with the other four example feeds (P > 0.05). Example 2 the feed-bred abalone has the largest terminal length, terminal weight and biological increment, which are respectively increased by 8.10%, 22.83% and 127.85% compared with the comparative example 1; compared with comparative example 2, the increase was 8.25%, 16.17% and 76.64%, respectively. The protein efficiency of all the feed-reared abalones of the examples was significantly increased and the feed efficiency was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared to the comparative example 1, wherein the feed-reared abalones of the example 2 had the greatest protein efficiency and the smallest feed efficiency. Therefore, the survival rate, the growth performance and the feed utilization efficiency of the haliotis discus hannai can be obviously improved by supplementing a proper amount of curcumin in the feed.
TABLE 1 influence of the example and comparative example feeds on the survival, growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of Haliotis discus hannai
Note: different superscript letters in the same row represent significant differences (P < 0.05)
2. Biochemical parameters of serum and liver and antioxidase activity
Table 2 shows the effect of 6 test feeds on biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity of abalone serum and liver. Compared with the comparative example, the 5 example feeds all significantly reduced the content of Triglyceride (TG), total Cholesterol (TC) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum and liver of haliotis discus hannai (P < 0.05), with the feed of example 2 having the minimum value. When the added amount of curcumin in the feed exceeds 100mg/kg (the feeds of examples 2, 3, 4 and 5), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione catalase (GSH-PX) in abalone serum and liver and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) are obviously higher than those of the feed of comparative example 1 (P < 0.05), but the difference between the feeds of examples 2, 3, 4 and 5 is not obvious (P > 0.05). The result shows that the supplementation of 100-800 mg/kg of curcumin in the feed can improve the oxidation resistance of haliotis discus hannai, reduce the accumulation of fat in the liver and the generation of lipid peroxidation products, thereby protecting the health of the liver.
TABLE 2 influence of the feed of the examples and comparative examples on the serum and biochemical parameters of the liver and the activity of antioxidase of Haliotis discus hannai
Note: different superscript letters in the same row represent significant differences (P < 0.05)
3. Cumulative mortality of haliotis discus hannai under Vibrio harveyi infection
As shown in Table 3, the cumulative mortality of Haliotis discus hannai has no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the experimental feeds of each group in the first two days (cumulative 1 day and cumulative 2 days) after Vibrio harveyi infection. On day 3 after Vibrio harveyi infection, the cumulative mortality rate of Haliotis discus hannai fed with each example feed was significantly lower than that of the comparative example 1 feed (P < 0.05), but was not significantly different from that of the comparative example 2 feed (except for the example 2 feed, P < 0.05). On days 5 to 7 after Vibrio harveyi infection, the feeds of examples 2 to 5 significantly reduced the cumulative mortality of Haliotis discus hannai under Vibrio harveyi infection compared with the feeds of comparative examples 1 to 2, wherein the effect of feeding the feed of example 2 was most significant, followed by example 3, example 4 and example 5. The results show that the feed supplemented with 100-800 mg/kg of curcumin can improve the resistance of Haliotis discus hannai to pathogen infection and reduce the death rate.
The number of blood cells is very important in cellular immunity, which can kill and eliminate invading foreign pathogens by performing a series of immune functions, such as antigen recognition, chemotaxis, adsorption and aggregation, phagocytosis, and respiratory burst. As shown in fig. 1A, THC of the feed-bred abalone in the groups of examples 2, 3, and 5 was significantly higher than that in the group of comparative example 1 (P < 0.05) before challenge (0 h). At 48 and 96h of the Vibrio infection test, the THC of all the example groups of feed-bred abalone was significantly higher than that of the comparative example 1 group (P < 0.05). As the Vibrio infection time was prolonged, THC of each feed group showed a tendency to decrease, and the decrease was more pronounced in the comparative example 1 group. Many studies have shown that a reduction in THC in shellfish often leads to a high mortality rate of blood cells, the death of which is mainly due to necrotic or apoptotic processes. As shown in fig. 1B, the blood cell death rate of the feed-fed abalone in the comparative example 1 group was significantly higher than that in each example group (P < 0.05) at 0, 48 and 96 h. Examples 2-5 groups of feed-fed abalone have a blood cell death rate that continuously increased from 0 to 48 hours and decreased to the level before infection at 96 hours. In contrast, the feed-fed abalone in the comparative example 1 group and the example 1 group maintained a high level of blood cell death at 96 hours. In addition to THC and blood cell mortality, phagocytic activity of blood cells and ROS are important indicators of cellular immunity. The process of phagocytosis is usually accompanied by the generation of a respiratory burst, the synergistic effects of phagocytic activity and ROS (expressed as increased ROS levels), which together determine the efficiency of the host in eliminating foreign pathogens. As shown in FIG. 1C, the blood cell phagocytic activity of the feed-fed abalone of example 2 and example 3 was significantly higher than that of comparative example 1, and the phagocytic activity was maintained at a high level throughout the Vibrio infection test. As shown in fig. 1D, ROS levels in the feed of the group of example 2 cultured abalones were significantly higher than the feed of the group of comparative example 1 (P < 0.05) at each infection time point (48 and 96 h). Comparative example 1 the ROS level of the feed bred abalone in the group is obviously increased within 48h after infection and is rapidly reduced within 48-96 h after infection; however, ROS levels in the cases of feeding the abalone with the group of feeds of examples 2 to 5 were kept high continuously for 48 and 96 hours. These results indicate that curcumin can stimulate immune responses of abalone blood cells under vibrio stress, enhance clearance of invading pathogens by promoting rapid proliferation and differentiation of abalone blood cells and improve pathogen resistance of abalone body by maintaining high phagocytic activity and ROS level.
TABLE 3 Effect of example and comparative example feed on cumulative mortality of Haliotis discus hannai under Vibrio harveyi stress
4. Composition of intestinal flora
Changes in the intestinal bacterial ecocharacteristics of abalone feeding the feed of comparative example 1 (group a) and example 2 (group B) were evaluated by using various indexes based on the Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) level. As shown in table 4, the average coverage index was greater than 99% for both groups. Intestinal tracts of feed-bred abalone in example 2 had lower microbial diversity (Shannon and Simpson index), microbial community abundance (Chao 1 and ACE index), and phylogenetic diversity (PD white tree) than in comparative example 1. As shown in the principal co-ordinate analysis (PCoA) plot of fig. 2, there was a clear difference between the group a and group B gut flora based on unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances. The results show that the supplement of 100mg/kg of curcumin in the daily ration can regulate and control the composition of intestinal flora of abalone, and reduce the diversity and richness of the intestinal flora.
As shown in fig. 3, at the phylum level, five intestinal flora enrichment ranks top for feed-fed abalone in comparative example 1 (group a) are Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria), firmicutes (Firmicutes), cyanobacteria (Cyanobacteria), actinomycetes (actinomycetes) and bacteroidetes (bacteroidata), while five intestinal flora enrichment ranks top for feed-fed abalone in example 2 (group B) are Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria), firmicutes (Firmicutes), clostridia (fusobacteriacea), campylobacter (campylobacter) and bacteroidetes (bacteroidetes). The relative abundance of firmicutes (33.01%), clostridia (23.70%) and firmicutes/bacteroidetes (11.49%) in group B were significantly higher than group a (23.54%, 1.63% and 5.09%) (P < 0.05). Research has reported that Proteobacteria and Thielavia are the main members of the abalone intestinal flora. High ratios of high abundance proteobacteria, firmicutes and firmicutes/bacteroidetes are positively correlated with food digestion and absorption efficiency. At the genus level, mycoplasma (Mycoplasma), psychrophilobacter (psychrilinobacter) and Vibrio (Vibrio) are the dominant bacteria in group B, accounting for over 70% of the sequence, and all three dominant bacteria were significantly higher than group a (P < 0.05). Mycoplasma is a facultative anaerobe, which is used as a symbiotic bacterium and participates in the degradation of glycan, protein and oligosaccharide to generate lactic acid; psychrobacter is an obligate anaerobe belonging to the phylum clostridia and is involved in the processes of fermentation metabolism, digestion and nutrient acquisition in invertebrates; vibrio species are facultative anaerobes with the ability to degrade agarose, laminarin, and alginate and are able to ferment pyruvate and produce short chain fatty acids to perform their beneficial functions. The results show that the daily ration supplemented with curcumin can regulate the composition of intestinal flora by promoting the growth and proliferation of potential probiotics, and has beneficial effect on abalone.
TABLE 4 influence of examples and comparative examples on the alpha-diversity of the intestinal flora of Haliotis discus hannai
The curcumin is taken as an efficient green, nontoxic and harmless feed additive, and has the potential of continuously replacing antibiotics. The abalone compound feed is added with a proper amount of curcumin, so that the disease-resistant immunity and the oxidation resistance of the haliotis discus hannai are enhanced, the generation of lipid peroxidation products is reduced, the growth performance of the abalone is improved, and the growth and proliferation of beneficial intestinal flora are regulated and controlled. The compound feed has the characteristics of balanced nutrition, high safety, high bioavailability, strong disease resistance and the like, can be used as special feed for enhancing immunity of abalones in high temperature or frequent disease seasons, and has wide development and application prospects.
Although only a few embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited thereby, and that various equivalent changes, modifications and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The compound feed for the abalones, which is used for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora, is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 to 200 portions of fish meal, 80 to 150 portions of wheat gluten, 100 to 200 portions of bean pulp, 100 to 200 portions of high gluten flour, 150 to 300 portions of kelp powder, 60 to 150 portions of adhesive, 10 to 40 portions of soybean lecithin, 10 to 20 portions of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 to 10 portions of choline chloride, 10 to 30 portions of compound vitamin, 10 to 30 portions of compound mineral substance and 20 to 35 portions of sodium alginate, and 0.1 to 1 portion of curcumin.
2. The abalone compound feed capable of enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 150 parts of fish meal, 120 parts of vital gluten, 135 parts of soybean meal, 130 parts of strong flour, 250 parts of kelp powder, 100 parts of adhesive, 20 parts of soybean lecithin, 10 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 5 parts of choline chloride, 20 parts of compound vitamin, 30 parts of compound mineral, 30 parts of sodium alginate and 0.1-1 part of curcumin.
3. The compound feed for abalone with the functions of improving immunity and improving intestinal flora as claimed in one of claims 1-2, characterized by that the curcumin is added in 0.05-1 weight portions, preferably 0.05-0.8 weight portions.
4. The abalone compound feed capable of enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora according to claim 1, wherein the analytical purity of curcumin is not less than 95%.
5. The compound feed for abalone capable of enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora according to claim 1, wherein the binder comprises dextrin 50 parts and alpha-starch 50 parts, and the analytical purity is not less than 98%.
6. The compound feed for abalone capable of enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora according to claim 1, wherein the vitamin complex comprises: vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, folic acid, D-pantothenic acid, D-biotin, nicotinamide, inositol, and defatted rice bran.
7. The compound feed for abalone capable of enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora according to claim 1, wherein the compound minerals comprise: ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium iodate, sodium selenite, cobalt chloride, rice bran and zeolite powder.
8. The preparation method of the abalone compound feed for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following specific steps: weighing the raw materials in parts by weight from small to large in sequence, mixing the raw materials step by step, crushing the raw materials by a superfine crusher through a 100-mesh sieve, adding distilled water accounting for 20-30% of the total mass of the raw materials into the sieved raw materials, further mixing the raw materials in a stirrer, uniformly mixing the mixture to obtain a soft flour-like mixture, transferring the mixture to a roller press to be thinned, cutting the mixture into flaky feed, and then cooking, curing, drying and screening the flaky feed to obtain the compound feed.
9. The method for preparing abalone compound feed capable of enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora according to claim 8, wherein the length of the sheet feed is 2cm, the width is 2cm, and the thickness is 0.5cm; the curing temperature can be 105 ℃, and the curing time is 10min; the drying temperature can be 60 ℃, the drying time is 6h, and the feed water content is less than 10%.
10. The use of the compound feed for abalone for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora according to claim 1 in abalone culture.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211025965.7A CN115462478A (en) | 2022-08-25 | 2022-08-25 | Abalone compound feed for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora and application thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211025965.7A CN115462478A (en) | 2022-08-25 | 2022-08-25 | Abalone compound feed for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora and application thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115462478A true CN115462478A (en) | 2022-12-13 |
Family
ID=84368374
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211025965.7A Pending CN115462478A (en) | 2022-08-25 | 2022-08-25 | Abalone compound feed for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora and application thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115462478A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117426443A (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2024-01-23 | 天津农学院 | Application of parthenolide in preparing fish feed additive |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104814283A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-08-05 | 安徽农业大学 | A feed additive for improving immune and antioxidative ability of fish bodies and a preparation method thereof |
| CN108522803A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-09-14 | 福建省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所 | A kind of resistance to abalone compound feed and preparation method thereof for impregnating rush growth |
| KR20190111537A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2019-10-02 | 한국생명공학연구원 | Composition for Improving Bowel Function or Increasing Intestinal Microbes |
| CN111011658A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-17 | 中国海洋大学 | Compound feed for haliotis discus hannai and preparation method thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-08-25 CN CN202211025965.7A patent/CN115462478A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104814283A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-08-05 | 安徽农业大学 | A feed additive for improving immune and antioxidative ability of fish bodies and a preparation method thereof |
| CN108522803A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-09-14 | 福建省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所 | A kind of resistance to abalone compound feed and preparation method thereof for impregnating rush growth |
| KR20190111537A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2019-10-02 | 한국생명공학연구원 | Composition for Improving Bowel Function or Increasing Intestinal Microbes |
| CN111011658A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-17 | 中国海洋大学 | Compound feed for haliotis discus hannai and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117426443A (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2024-01-23 | 天津农学院 | Application of parthenolide in preparing fish feed additive |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102217713B (en) | Novel efficient and natural attractant | |
| Soltan et al. | Effect of probiotics and some spices as feed additives on the performance and behaviour of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus | |
| KR101904622B1 (en) | The functionality feed additive and functionality feed manufacturing method | |
| CN101843292B (en) | Feed formula for meat ducks in growth period | |
| CN103504131A (en) | Novel suckling pig feed with traditional Chinese medicine preparation | |
| CN104664160B (en) | Freshwater fish composite particles preparation with physiological function and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107006705A (en) | Groove feed for pigling and preparation method thereof | |
| CN114601076B (en) | Compound feed for promoting mandarin fish ingestion and preventing and treating mandarin fish virus diseases and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103141701A (en) | Micro-ecological feed capable of improving intestinal function of pelteobagrus fulvidraco fries in feeding habit conversion period | |
| CN102370054A (en) | Immune improved feed additive premix and using method thereof | |
| CN104543410B (en) | Disease-resistant pig feed additive of a kind of health care and preparation method thereof | |
| Wang et al. | Process optimization for fermented siwu decoction by multi-index-response surface method and exploration of the effects of fermented siwu decoction on the growth, immune response and resistance to Vibrio harveyi of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) | |
| CN108402338A (en) | A kind of grouper liver protection type fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine feed addictive and the preparation method and application thereof, epinephelus feed | |
| CN115462478A (en) | Abalone compound feed for enhancing immunity and improving intestinal flora and application thereof | |
| CN106974134A (en) | Improve the feed addictive and its feed and preparation method of hybridized snakehead fish weed survival rate | |
| CN109588582A (en) | It is a kind of to prevent and treat cray special compound feed of the cray by parasitic infection | |
| CN114903128B (en) | Crayfish compound feed and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110833120A (en) | Feed and preparation method thereof | |
| Salama et al. | Effect of adding Pediococcus acidilactici at low plant protein diets on growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings | |
| Gupta et al. | Effect of supplementing probiotics (Prosol) on the performance of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) juveniles | |
| Kuo et al. | The immunostimulatory effects of Theobroma cacao L. pod husk extract via injection and dietary administrations on Macrobrachium rosenbergii and its resistance against Lactococcus garvieae | |
| CN106983021A (en) | Western Hunan hybridization black pigs pig starter feed and preparation method thereof | |
| Putra et al. | The utilization of vegetable waste silage as feed ingredient in diets for tilapia Oreochromis niloticus | |
| CN113693160A (en) | Functional feed and preparation method thereof | |
| CN112825984A (en) | Compound traditional Chinese medicine additive, compound feed for preventing 'flower body disease' and preparation method and application thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |