CN111742779A - Method for interplanting herbaceous plants and edible fungi in Xinjiang area - Google Patents
Method for interplanting herbaceous plants and edible fungi in Xinjiang area Download PDFInfo
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- CN111742779A CN111742779A CN202010575059.9A CN202010575059A CN111742779A CN 111742779 A CN111742779 A CN 111742779A CN 202010575059 A CN202010575059 A CN 202010575059A CN 111742779 A CN111742779 A CN 111742779A
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- lyophyllum decastes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for interplanting herbaceous plants and edible fungi, which comprises the steps of firstly fertilizing, watering and preparing land for planting in autumn and winter; then planting alfalfa in a drilling cultivation mode at the beginning of 4 months in the next year; digging lyophyllum decastes planting ditches among alfalfa planting rows, removing bags from fungus pillars of the lyophyllum decastes, vertically arranging the fungus pillars in the lyophyllum decastes planting ditches, covering soil, watering, spraying water, and collecting after the lyophyllum decastes grows out; and then, continuing watering and spraying water supplementing operations until the Lyophyllum decastes is harvested for the second time, cutting the alfalfa after the harvesting is finished, and repeating the operations for 1-2 times. The alfalfa and the Lyophyllum decastes are sown at the same time, the Lyophyllum decastes can be harvested for 4-5 times and the alfalfa can be harvested for 2-3 times in the whole growing period, the growth of the alfalfa is not affected, a field is provided for cultivating the Lyophyllum decastes, water resources are effectively utilized, and the income of farmers and herdsmen is greatly increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of field interplanting cultivation, in particular to a method for interplanting herbaceous plants and edible fungi.
Background
At present, China is the earliest country in the world for recognizing and utilizing edible fungi, and is also the first major producing country of edible fungi worldwide, the yield of the edible fungi accounts for over 75 percent of the total world yield, and the total yield is the fifth place behind grains, vegetables, fruits and oil in national agriculture. Xinjiang is one of the five major pasturing areas in China, and farmers and herdsmen have more economic appeal in the aspect of developing agriculture and animal husbandry economy since the fence sealing cultivation is implemented, but currently known edible fungus cultivation methods mostly pursue a single cultivation method and cannot adapt to the Xinjiang areas mainly developing agriculture and animal husbandry.
Therefore, in order to adapt to farming and animal husbandry planting in Xinjiang area and develop planting of herbaceous plants and edible fungi, a new planting mode of herbaceous plants and edible fungi needs to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for interplanting herbaceous plants and edible fungi in Xinjiang, and particularly relates to planting alfalfa and edible fungi in a field interplanting mode, so that the growth of the alfalfa is not affected, a field is provided for cultivating Lyophyllum decastes, water resources are effectively utilized, and the income of farmers and herdsmen is greatly increased.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for interplanting the herbaceous plants and the edible fungi is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) fertilizing, watering and preparing the land in autumn and winter;
(2) planting alfalfa in a drilling cultivation mode at the beginning of 4 months in the next year;
(3) digging lyophyllum decastes planting ditches among alfalfa planting rows, removing bags from fungus pillars of the lyophyllum decastes, vertically arranging the fungus pillars in the lyophyllum decastes planting ditches, covering soil, watering, regularly spraying water at intervals, and harvesting after the lyophyllum decastes grows out;
(4) watering the planting land twice after the harvesting is finished, and then regularly spraying and replenishing water at intervals until the Lyophyllum decastes is harvested for the next time, and mowing the alfalfa after the Lyophyllum decastes is harvested;
(5) repeating the step (4) for 1-2 times.
The beneficial effects of the preferred technical scheme are as follows: the alfalfa and the Lyophyllum decastes are sown at the same time, and the alfalfa can shade and preserve moisture for the Lyophyllum decastes, so that the Lyophyllum decastes can normally develop and grow; the Lyophyllum decastes can improve soil and promote high yield and harvest of alfalfa; and the lyophyllum decastes can utilize the water under the alfalfa cluster, thereby improving the utilization rate of water resources. In addition, the Lyophyllum decastes does not occupy the cultivated land independently any more, and multiple crops grow coordinately to form virtuous circle, thereby greatly improving the land utilization rate and reducing the cultivation cost of the Lyophyllum decastes. In the whole growing period, the umbrella with the leaf being wrinkled can be harvested for 4-5 times, and the alfalfa can be harvested for 2-3 times.
Preferably, the fertilization in the step (1) is to apply 1.5-2 tons of organic fertilizer to the planting field according to 667 square meters in autumn and winter; the watering is performed once by taking no water accumulation as a standard; the land preparation is to smooth the land and ensure that no residual straw is left on the land.
Preferably, the spacing between the planting rows of the alfalfa in the drilling cultivation mode in the step (2) is 50-60cm, the sowing depth is 1-2cm, uniform sowing, continuous drilling and continuous row sowing are required, and after sowing, the ground surface is harrowed and compacted.
The beneficial effects of the preferred technical scheme are as follows: the alfalfa is planted in a drill seeding mode, so that interplanting with the Lyophyllum decastes is facilitated; the distance between the alfalfa planting rows is set to be 50-60cm, so that ditches for planting Lyophyllum decastes are conveniently dug between the alfalfa planting rows; the sowing depth is 1-2cm, and after sowing, the earth surface is harrowed and the surface soil is lightly beaten to compact the surface soil, thereby being beneficial to the rooting of seeds.
Preferably, the depth of the lyophyllum decastes planting ditch in the step (3) is 30-40 cm, and the width is 15-25 cm; the thickness of the covering soil is 3-4 cm, and the watering amount is 8-10L/m2(ii) a The interval time is 48 hours, and the water quantity for water supplement is 3-5L/m2。
Preferably, the fungus column of the lyophyllum decastes is as follows: mixing 12-18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum powder, 5% of sawdust and 76-82% of branch scraps in percentage by mass, uniformly stirring, adding water while stirring to enable the water content to reach 65%, uniformly stirring, stacking, tightly closing for 30 minutes, filling into 14cm by 25cm by 14cm polypropylene plastic bags, sterilizing at 121 ℃ and 0.12MPa for 2 hours, cooling to below 30 ℃, and inoculating Lyophyllum decastes strains to obtain the feed.
The beneficial effects of the preferred technical scheme are as follows: the ecological positions of the alfalfa and the Lyophyllum decastes are different, and the alfalfa and the Lyophyllum decastes are planted at different depths by utilizing the gaps in the drill seeding, so that the space utilization rate of cultivated land is improved, meanwhile, the requirements of the alfalfa and the Lyophyllum decastes on water resources are met by utilizing a small amount of spraying and watering for many times, water accumulation is effectively avoided, and the problem that the yield of the alfalfa is reduced due to the water accumulation is solved.
Preferably, the time interval of the two times of watering in the step (4) is 2 weeks, and the watering amount is 8-10L/m2(ii) a The interval time of water spraying and supplementing is 48 hours, and the water quantity of the water spraying and supplementing is 3-5L/m2。
The beneficial effects of the preferred technical scheme are as follows: watering twice after the lyophyllum decastes is grown and harvested, on one hand, promoting the biomass growth of alfalfa through water increase, on the other hand, being beneficial to the activity recovery of the strain, wherein the watering interval of the twice is 2 weeks, not only can the soil humidity be maintained, but also the rest requirement of the activity recovery of the strain is met; the water replenishing spraying mode keeps the soil humidity every day, provides a humidity environment for strain culture, and further contributes to strain development.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a method for interplanting herbaceous plants and edible fungi in Xinjiang area, which has the following beneficial effects:
the interplanting method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate, can be used for harvesting alfalfa and Lyophyllum decastes, is easy to manage, has high yield, can reach 16.5 kilograms per square meter of fungus bed yield, increases the dry weight of the overground part of each square meter of the alfalfa in the interplanting field by 20 percent, and improves the stem leaf mass ratio by 110 percent.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for interplanting herbaceous plants and edible fungi, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) applying organic fertilizer to the planting field according to the amount of 1.5-2 tons per 667 square meters in autumn and winter, and watering once on the basis of no water accumulation; the land is leveled, and the ground is ensured to have no residual straws;
(2) planting the alfalfa in a drilling cultivation mode at the beginning of 4 months in the next year, wherein the spacing between planting rows of the alfalfa is 50-60cm, the sowing depth is 1-2cm, uniform sowing is required, the alfalfa is not drilled and drilled continuously, after sowing, the ground surface is harrowed flat, the surface soil is lightly tapped to compact the surface soil, so that seeds can be in close contact with the soil, and the seeds can absorb water to emerge;
(3) digging lyophyllum decastes planting ditches among alfalfa planting rows, taking off bags of fungus pillars of the lyophyllum decastes, vertically arranging the fungus pillars in the lyophyllum decastes planting ditches, covering soil, watering, spraying water at intervals of 48 hours, and harvesting until the lyophyllum decastes grows out of mushrooms; wherein the depth of the Lyophyllum decastes planting ditch is 30-40 cm, and the width of the Lyophyllum decastes planting ditch is 15-25 cm; the thickness of the covering soil is 3-4 cm, and the watering amount is 8-10L/m2The amount of water sprayed for supplementing water is 3-5L/m2；
Wherein, the fungus column of the lyophyllum decastes is prepared by the following operations: firstly, mixing 12-18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum powder, 5% of wood chips and 76-82% of branch chips by mass percent, uniformly stirring, adding water while stirring to ensure that the water content reaches 65%, uniformly stirring, stacking, tightly closing for 30 minutes, filling into 14cm 25cm 14cm polypropylene plastic bags, sterilizing at 121 ℃ and 0.12MPa for 2 hours, cooling to below 30 ℃, inoculating Lyophyllum decastes strains to obtain the product
(4) Watering the planting land twice after the harvesting in the step (3), wherein the time interval of watering twice is 2 weeks, and the watering amount is 8-10L/m2(ii) a Spraying and supplementing water at intervals of 48 hours, wherein the water quantity for spraying and supplementing water is 3-5L/m2(ii) a Until the next harvest of the Lyophyllum decastes, and after the harvest of the Lyophyllum decastes, the alfalfa is processedMowing;
(5) repeating the step (4) for 1-2 times.
Example 1
The embodiment 1 of the invention discloses a field interplanting method of alfalfa and Lyophyllum decastes in Xinjiang, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) fertilizing, watering and preparing the land in autumn and winter;
(2) planting alfalfa in a drilling cultivation mode at the beginning of 4 months in the next year; the spacing between the planting rows of the alfalfa in the drill seeding cultivation mode is 50cm, the seeding depth is 1cm, the seeding is required to be uniform, the alfalfa is not cut into strips and does not run continuously, the ground surface is harrowed and properly pressed after the seeding
(3) Mixing 12% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum powder, 5% of wood chips and 82% of branch chips in percentage by mass, uniformly stirring, adding water while stirring to enable the water content to reach 65%, uniformly stirring, stacking, sealing for 30min, filling into a polypropylene plastic bag with the thickness of 14cm, multiplied by 25cm, multiplied by 14cm, sterilizing for 2h at the temperature of 121 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.12MPa, cooling to below 30 ℃, inoculating a Lyophyllum decastes strain, and preparing the pileus.
(4) Digging lyophyllum decastes planting ditches among alfalfa planting rows, removing bags from fungus pillars of the lyophyllum decastes, vertically arranging the fungus pillars in the lyophyllum decastes planting ditches, covering soil, watering, spraying water every 48 hours, and harvesting after the lyophyllum decastes grows out; wherein the depth of the Lyophyllum decastes planting ditch is 30cm, and the width is 25 cm; the thickness of the covering soil is 4cm, and the watering amount is 8L/m2The water quantity of the water replenishing is 3L/m every time of spraying2。
(5) Watering the planting land twice, spraying water every day until the Lyophyllum decastes is harvested next time, and mowing the alfalfa after the Lyophyllum decastes is harvested; wherein the time interval between two times of watering is 2 weeks, and the watering amount is 8L/m2(ii) a Then spraying water for supplementing water at intervals of 48 hours, wherein the water amount is 3L/m2。
(5) Repeating the step (4) for 1-2 times.
Wherein, 163.27 g of Lyophyllum decastes per square meter and 5.9 kg of alfalfa fresh grass are collected.
Example 2
The embodiment 2 of the invention discloses a field interplanting method of alfalfa and Lyophyllum decastes in Xinjiang, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) fertilizing, watering and preparing the land in autumn and winter;
(2) planting alfalfa in a drilling cultivation mode at the beginning of 4 months in the next year; in the drill planting mode, the spacing between the planting rows of the alfalfa is 60cm, the sowing depth is 2cm, uniform sowing is required, the alfalfa is not cut into strips and does not run continuously, and the ground surface is harrowed and properly pressed after sowing;
(3) mixing 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum powder, 5% of sawdust and 76% of branch sawdust by mass, stirring uniformly, adding water while stirring to enable the water content to reach 65%, piling up after stirring uniformly, sealing for 30min, filling into a polypropylene plastic bag of 14cm × 25cm × 14cm, sterilizing for 2h at the temperature of 121 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.12MPa, cooling to below 30 ℃, and inoculating a Lyophyllum decastes strain to obtain a fungus column;
(4) digging lyophyllum decastes planting ditches among alfalfa planting rows, removing bags from fungus pillars of the lyophyllum decastes, vertically arranging the fungus pillars in the lyophyllum decastes planting ditches, covering soil, watering, spraying water every 48 hours, and harvesting after the lyophyllum decastes grows out; wherein the depth of the Lyophyllum decastes planting ditch is 40cm, and the width is 25 cm; the thickness of the covering soil is 4cm, and the watering amount is 10L/m2The water amount for spraying and supplementing water is 5L/m2；
(5) Watering the planting land twice, spraying water every day until the Lyophyllum decastes is harvested next time, and mowing the alfalfa after the Lyophyllum decastes is harvested; wherein the time interval between two times of watering is 2 weeks, and the watering amount is 10L/m2(ii) a Spraying and supplementing water at intervals of 48h, wherein the water quantity is 5L/m each time2；
(6) Repeating the step (4) for 1-2 times.
Wherein, 237.85 g of Lyophyllum decastes per square meter and 3 kg of alfalfa fresh grass are collected.
Example 3
The embodiment 3 of the invention discloses a field interplanting method of alfalfa and Lyophyllum decastes in Xinjiang, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) fertilizing, watering and preparing the land in autumn and winter;
(2) planting alfalfa in a drilling cultivation mode at the beginning of 4 months in the next year; in the drill planting mode, the spacing between the planting rows of the alfalfa is 55cm, the sowing depth is 1.5cm, uniform sowing, continuous cutting and continuous row sowing are required, and after sowing, the seeds can be tightly contacted with soil by raking the ground surface and properly pressing, so that the seeds can absorb water to emerge;
(3) mixing 14% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum powder, 5% of sawdust and 80% of branch sawdust by mass, stirring uniformly, adding water while stirring to enable the water content to reach 65%, stirring uniformly, stacking, sealing for 30min, filling into 14cm by 25cm by 14cm polypropylene plastic bags, sterilizing for 2h at 121 ℃ and 0.12MPa, cooling to below 30 ℃, inoculating with Lyophyllum decastes strains, and preparing the Lyophyllum decastes pileus.
(3) Digging lyophyllum decastes planting ditches among alfalfa planting rows, removing bags from fungus pillars of the lyophyllum decastes, vertically arranging the fungus pillars in the lyophyllum decastes planting ditches, covering soil, watering, spraying water every 48 hours, and harvesting after the lyophyllum decastes grows out; wherein the depth of the Lyophyllum decastes planting ditch is 35cm, and the width is 20 cm; the thickness of the covering soil is 3.5cm, and the watering amount is 9L/m2The amount of water sprayed for supplementing water every day is 4L/m2；
(4) Watering the planting land twice, spraying water every day until the Lyophyllum decastes is harvested next time, and mowing the alfalfa after the Lyophyllum decastes is harvested; wherein the time interval between two times of watering is 2 weeks, and the watering amount is 9L/m2(ii) a Spraying water at intervals of 48h every time, wherein the water amount is 4L/m2. (5) Repeating the step (4) for 1-2 times.
248.32 g of Lyophyllum decastes per square meter and 5 kg of fresh alfalfa are collected.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. The method for interplanting the herbaceous plants and the edible fungi is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) fertilizing, watering and preparing the land in autumn and winter;
(2) planting alfalfa in a drilling cultivation mode at the beginning of 4 months in the next year;
(3) digging lyophyllum decastes planting ditches among alfalfa planting rows, removing bags from fungus pillars of the lyophyllum decastes, vertically arranging the fungus pillars in the lyophyllum decastes planting ditches, covering soil, watering, regularly spraying water at intervals, and harvesting after the lyophyllum decastes grows out;
(4) watering the planting land twice after the harvesting is finished, and then regularly spraying and replenishing water at intervals until the Lyophyllum decastes is harvested for the next time, and mowing the alfalfa after the Lyophyllum decastes is harvested;
(5) repeating the step (4) for 1-2 times.
2. The method for interplanting herbaceous plants and edible fungi as claimed in claim 1, wherein said applying fertilizer in step (1) is applying 1.5-2 tons of organic fertilizer per 667 square meters of the planting field in autumn and winter; the watering is performed once by taking no water accumulation as a standard; the land preparation is to smooth the land and ensure that no residual straw is left on the land.
3. The method for interplanting herbaceous plants and edible fungi as claimed in claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the alfalfa in the drill cultivation manner in the step (2) is 50-60cm, the sowing depth is 1-2cm, uniform sowing, continuous cutting and continuous row sowing are required, and the ground surface is harrowed and compacted.
4. The method for interplanting herbaceous plants and edible fungi as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of the Lyophyllum decastes planting furrows in the step (3) is 30-40 cm, and the width is 15-25 cm; the thickness of the covering soil is 3-4 cm, and the watering amount is 8-10L/m2(ii) a The interval time is 48 hours, and the water quantity for water supplement is 3-5L/m2。
5. The method for interplanting herbaceous plants and edible fungi as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein the fungus column of the Lyophyllum decastes is prepared by the following method: mixing 12-18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum powder, 5% of sawdust and 76-82% of branch scraps in percentage by mass, uniformly stirring, adding water while stirring to enable the water content to reach 65%, uniformly stirring, stacking, tightly sealing for 30min, filling into 14cm by 25cm by 14cm polypropylene plastic bags, sterilizing at 121 ℃ and 0.12MPa for 2h, cooling to below 30 ℃, inoculating Lyophyllum decastes strains, and preparing the Lyophyllum decastes fungus column.
6. The method for interplanting herbaceous plants and edible fungi as claimed in claim 1, wherein said two watering in step (4) are carried out at intervals of 2 weeks, and the watering amounts are 8-10L/m2(ii) a The interval time of water spraying and supplementing is 48 hours, and the water quantity of the water spraying and supplementing is 3-5L/m2。
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Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101395995A (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2009-04-01 | 张玉成 | Method for planting Lyophyllum decastes (Fr.: Fr.) Singer |
| CN107173012A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-09-19 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of the winter rape interplanting hickory chick of adaptation Yangtze river basin plantation |
| CN111296169A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-06-19 | 古田县鹤塘明艳茶叶专业合作社 | Green circulating annual production method for interplanting soybeans and lucid ganoderma |
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2020
- 2020-06-22 CN CN202010575059.9A patent/CN111742779A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101395995A (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2009-04-01 | 张玉成 | Method for planting Lyophyllum decastes (Fr.: Fr.) Singer |
| CN107173012A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-09-19 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of the winter rape interplanting hickory chick of adaptation Yangtze river basin plantation |
| CN111296169A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-06-19 | 古田县鹤塘明艳茶叶专业合作社 | Green circulating annual production method for interplanting soybeans and lucid ganoderma |
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| 张树宝 等: "平菇与大豆套种试验", 《现代化农业》 * |
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