CN111732708A - 一种软质高回弹水性聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种软质高回弹水性聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN111732708A
CN111732708A CN202010498246.1A CN202010498246A CN111732708A CN 111732708 A CN111732708 A CN 111732708A CN 202010498246 A CN202010498246 A CN 202010498246A CN 111732708 A CN111732708 A CN 111732708A
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aqueous polyurethane
chain extender
polyol
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高强
郭艳欣
陈亚磊
朱小强
张大华
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XUCHUAN CHEMICAL (SUZHOU) CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种软质高回弹水性聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法和应用,采用的水性聚氨酯分散体的原料配方包括多异氰酸酯、聚醚二元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚醚改性有机硅多元醇、催化剂、亲水扩链剂、多元醇扩链剂、中和剂、胺类扩链剂和氨基硅烷,其中,所述聚醚多元醇为官能度≥3的聚醚多元醇;所述氨基硅烷为含伯氨基的硅烷、仲氨基的硅烷中的一种或几种。本发明通过在原料配方中加入官能度≥3的聚醚多元醇、聚醚改性有机硅多元醇以及氨基硅烷,并配合其他组分的使用,制备的水性聚氨酯分散体的涂层树脂具有模量低、拉伸强度和伸长率高的优点,用于制备合成革的聚氨酯发泡涂层,具有手感柔软、高回弹、高强度及耐折痕和压痕等特点。

Description

一种软质高回弹水性聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯技术领域,具体涉及一种软质高回弹水性聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
水性聚氨酯由于其无毒、环保等特点,广泛用于涂料、胶黏剂、皮革涂饰剂以及织物涂层等领域。同时,水性聚氨酯具有软硬可调的特性,但是目前水性聚氨酯在性能方面仍然有许多缺陷,无法完全满足各领域应用。如,在合成革发泡领域,聚氨酯树脂需要具有柔软且具有弹性,能够抗折痕和压痕等性能。针对此难点,目前有一些方法来进行改善,如中国公布号CN103649184A公开的聚氨酯膜及使用其的膜加工品,该聚氨酯膜是通过使用金属盐使聚氨酯凝固而得的聚氨酯膜,聚氨酯是通过使多元醇(a1)及聚异氰酸酯(a2)反应而得到的,多元醇包含具有阴离子性基团的脂肪族聚酯多元醇和脂肪族聚酯多元醇以外的聚酯多元醇,其中聚氨酯具有相对于全部聚氨酯而言为500mmol/kg~2000mmol/kg的范围的芳香族结构。该聚氨酯膜虽然质地柔软且强度高,具有软质高回弹的性能,但耐水解性能不足。美国专利US 20120121902A1基于PTMEG提供了一种高伸长率和力学性能且耐水解的水性聚氨酯树脂,其采用至少两种具有不同的平均摩尔质量的聚四亚甲基二醇聚醚多元醇以及至少两种不同的多异氰酸酯组分制备水性聚氨酯分散体,该方案可以提供软质且回弹性较好的树脂,但是该树脂仍然不耐折痕和压痕。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足提供一种改进的水性聚氨酯分散体及其制备方法和应用。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种水性聚氨酯分散体,按质量百分含量计,所述水性聚氨酯分散体的原料配方包括以下组分:
Figure BDA0002523468690000011
Figure BDA0002523468690000021
其中,所述聚醚多元醇为官能度≥3的聚醚多元醇;
所述氨基硅烷为含伯氨基的硅烷、仲氨基的硅烷中的一种或几种。
根据本发明的一些实施方面,所述聚醚多元醇为分子量1000~4000的聚丙三醇。优选地,所述聚醚多元醇的分子量为2000~3500。
根据本发明的一些实施方面,所述聚醚改性有机硅多元醇为直链型聚醚改性有机硅多元醇。如所述聚醚改性有机硅多元醇为信越的聚醚改性有机硅KF-6001。
根据本发明的一些实施方面,所述氨基硅烷为甲氧基硅烷、乙氧基硅烷中的一种或几种,且所述氨基硅烷中至少带有一个伯氨基。如选用南京能德新材料的硅烷偶联剂KH-602、KH-792中的一种或几种。
根据本发明的一些实施方面,所述聚醚二元醇的分子量为500~3500,为聚环氧丙烷二醇或聚四氢呋喃二醇与聚环氧丙烷二醇的混合物。优选地,所述聚醚二元醇的分子量为1500~3000。
根据本发明的一些实施方面,所述多异氰酸酯为脂肪族异氰酸酯。优选地,所述多异氰酸酯为己二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、4,4-二环己基二异氰酸酯中的一种或几种的组合。
根据本发明的一些实施方面,所述亲水扩链剂中含亲水基团,所述亲水基团包括阴离子基团、阳离子基团和非离子基团。所述亲水基团优选为阴离子基团。优选地,所述亲水扩链剂为羧酸盐型扩链剂、磺酸盐型扩链剂中的一种或几种。
根据本发明的一些实施方面,所述胺类扩链剂为二元胺类扩链剂、三元胺或以上的多元胺类扩链剂中的一种或几种。优选地,所述胺类扩链剂为乙二胺、异氟尔酮二胺中的一种或几种。
根据本发明的一些实施方面,所述催化剂为一种或多种催化剂,优选地,所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡、辛酸铋。如领先的辛酸铋8108。
根据本发明的一些实施方面,所述多元醇扩链剂为分子量50~500的小分子多元醇扩链剂中的一种或几种的组合。优选地,所述多元醇扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇中的一种或二者的组合。
根据本发明的一些实施方面,所述中和剂为一种或多种中和剂,优选地,所述中和剂为三乙胺。
本发明中,所述水性聚氨酯分散体的固含量为35-55wt%,优选40-50wt%。pH值为6-11,优选6.5-9。平均粒径范围为150-450nm,优选200-350nm。
本发明采取的第二技术方案是:上述所述水性聚氨酯分散体的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚醚二元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚醚改性有机硅多元醇、多异氰酸酯、催化剂和溶剂混合,在60~100℃下反应制得聚氨酯预聚体;
(2)降温至50~65℃,加入亲水扩链剂、多元醇扩链剂和溶剂,在60~90℃下反应,反应结束后加入溶剂稀释;
(3)降温至35℃以下,加入中和剂进行中和反应;
(4)将步骤(3)制得的体系分散在水中,然后依次加入胺类扩链剂和氨基硅烷,搅拌;
(5)将步骤(4)制得的体系升温至40~65℃,减压蒸馏去除溶剂,制得水性聚氨酯分散体。
根据本发明的一些实施方面,步骤(1)中,所述反应的时间为1~2h;步骤(2)中,所述反应的时间为3~6h;步骤(3)中,所述中和反应的反应时间为10~30min;步骤(4)中,加入胺类扩链剂和氨基硅烷后搅拌10~45min。
根据本发明的一些实施方面,所述溶剂为丙酮、丁酮中的一种或几种。
本发明采取的第三技术方案是:上述所述的水性聚氨酯分散体在合成革中的应用。
本发明采取的第四技术方案是:一种合成革用软质高回弹水性聚氨酯涂层,所述涂层的原料包括水性聚氨酯分散体和发泡剂,所述水性聚氨酯分散体为上述所述的水性聚氨酯分散体。
根据本发明的一些实施方面,按质量百分含量计,所述水性聚氨酯涂层的原料配方包括以下组分:
Figure BDA0002523468690000031
根据本发明的一些实施例方面,所述增稠剂为本领域内常用的增稠剂,包括缔合型增稠剂和碱溶涨型增稠剂,优选聚氨酯缔合型增稠剂。
所述的流平剂为本领域内常用的流平剂,包括但不限于聚醚硅油、聚酯硅油、聚醚聚酯硅油,优选聚醚硅油型流平剂。
所述的稳泡剂为本领域内常用的稳泡剂,包括但不限于硬脂酸盐、甜菜碱等非离子聚合物,优选硬脂酸盐。
所述的发泡剂为本领域内常用的发泡剂,包括但不限于硬脂酸盐、甜菜碱等非离子聚合物,优选硬脂酸盐。
所述的固化剂为本领域内常用的固化剂,优选聚醚改性异氰酸酯多聚体或封闭型异氰酸酯固化剂。
所述的填料为本领域内常用的填料,包括木质粉、纤维素、高岭土、硫酸钡等的一种或几种。
由于上述技术方案运用,本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点:
本发明通过在原料配方中加入官能度≥3的聚醚多元醇、聚醚改性有机硅多元醇以及氨基硅烷,并配合其他组分的使用,制备的水性聚氨酯分散体的涂层树脂具有模量低、拉伸强度和伸长率高的优点,用于制备合成革的聚氨酯发泡涂层,具有手感柔软、高回弹、高强度及耐折痕和压痕等特点。
具体实施方式
不需进一步详细说明,认为本领域熟练技术人员借助前面的描述,可以最大程度的利用本发明。因此,下面提供的实施例仅仅是进一步阐明本发明而已,并不意味着以任何方式限制本发明范围。
以下实施例1~3和对比例1~3的水性聚氨酯分散体采用的原料来源如下:
异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI),万华化学;
己二异氰酸酯(HDI),万华化学;
聚环氧丙烷二醇(PPG2000),国都化工;
聚四氢呋喃二醇(PTMG-2000),晓星化工;
三官能聚醚多元醇(MN-3050D),蓝星东大;
聚醚改性有机硅(KF-6001),信越;
二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA),帕斯托;
新戊二醇(NPG),万华化学;
乙二胺(EDA),陶氏化学;
硅烷偶联剂KH-602,南京能德新材料;
硅烷偶联剂KH-792,南京能德新材料;
三乙胺(TEA),西陇科学;
辛酸铋(8108),领先;
丙酮(AC),北京燕山石化;
去离子水(H2O)。
实施例1
本实施例提供的水性聚氨酯分散体,按重量份计,其采用的原料配方如表1所示,通过以下方法制备得到:
(1)按比例将聚醚二元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚醚改性有机硅多元醇、多异氰酸酯投入反应釜中,搅拌均匀后加入适量溶剂混合,在80℃下反应1.5h制得聚氨酯预聚体;
(2)降温至65℃,加入亲水扩链剂、多元醇扩链剂和适量溶剂,升温至70℃下反应,继续反应4h,降温加入剩余溶剂稀释;
(3)降温至35℃以下,加入中和剂中和20min;
(4)在高速搅拌下,将步骤(3)制得的体系在分散在水中,然后依次加入胺类扩链剂的水溶液和氨基硅烷的稀释溶液,搅拌30min;
(5)升温至50℃,减压蒸馏去除溶剂,制得乳白色的水性聚氨酯分散体。
实施例2
本实施例提供的水性聚氨酯分散体,其采用的原料配方如表1所示,通过以下方法制备得到:
(1)按比例将聚醚二元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚醚改性有机硅多元醇、多异氰酸酯投入反应釜中,搅拌均匀后加入溶剂混合,在70℃下反应2h制得聚氨酯预聚体;
(2)降温至60℃,加入亲水扩链剂、多元醇扩链剂和溶剂,升温至80℃下反应,继续反应5h,降温加入剩余溶剂稀释;
(3)降温至35℃以下,加入中和剂中和30min;
(4)在高速搅拌下,将步骤(3)制得的体系在分散在水中,然后依次加入胺类扩链剂的水溶液和氨基硅烷的稀释溶液,搅拌45min;
(5)升温至60℃,减压蒸馏去除溶剂,制得乳白色的水性聚氨酯分散体。
实施例3
本实施例提供的水性聚氨酯分散体,采用的原料配方如表1所示,制备方法同实施例1。
对比例1
本对比例提供的水性聚氨酯分散体,采用的原料配方如表1所示,制备方法同实施例1。
对比例2
本对比例提供的水性聚氨酯分散体,采用的原料配方如表1所示,制备方法同实施例1。
对比例3
本对比例提供的水性聚氨酯分散体,采用的原料配方如表1所示,制备方法同实施例1。
对实施例1~3和对比例1~3制得的水性聚氨酯分散体进行性能测试,结果如表1所示。
表1为实施例1~3和对比例1~3的水性聚氨酯分散体的配方组成及性能测试结果
组分 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 对比例1 对比例2 对比例3
IPDI 45 44 45 45 44 44
HDI 45 44 45 45 44 44
PPG2000 200 220 200 200 200 200
PTMG2000 50 50 50 100 50 50
MN-3050D 50 20 30 0 30 30
KF-6001 10 10 20 10 10 0
DMPA 10 10 10 10 9 9.5
NPG 6 5 7 5 6 6
TEA 7.54 7.54 7.54 7.54 6.78 7.16
EDA 5 4 5 75 8 6
KH-602 5 16 5 5 0 6
AC 470 470 470 480 450 440
H2O 521 517 510 523 405 395
固含量,wt% 45 45 45 45 50 50
平均粒径,nm 220 255 200 240 290 275
100%模量(Kg/cm<sup>2</sup>) 7 6.5 6.8 62 6.5 7.2
拉伸强度(Kg/cm<sup>2</sup>) 65 45 50 35 45 58
伸长率,% 750 1200 1100 1300 1200 850
注:模量、拉伸强度、伸长率采用高铁的拉力机进行测试。
将实施例1~3和对比例1~3的水性聚氨酯分散体用于制备全水性环保服装革上的抗吸潮发泡涂层,采用的原料配方如表2所示。
全水性环保服装革的制备方法为:将发泡涂层的各物料按表2的比例添加至配料罐,在搅拌机搅拌下发泡并增稠至粘度20000-35000cp,即可使用。
具体采用旭川水性面层树脂尖刀刮涂烘干后,刮涂50丝厚度的上述发泡涂层烘干,然后继续刮涂上述发泡涂层,采用湿贴工艺贴上基布烘干,即可得到全水性环保服装革。
表2为发泡涂层的配方组成
组分 质量 功能/厂家
水性聚氨酯分散体 76.9
PUR-44 0.5 增稠剂/明凌
Silok-8000 0.3 流平剂/斯洛柯
EP-P-71 4 发泡剂/赢创
F115 0.3 固化剂/旭川
KA-920 3 色浆/凯时爱
高岭土 10 填料/旭川
木质粉 5 填料/旭川
对采用实施例1~3和对比例1~3的水性聚氨酯分散体制得全水性环保服装革进行手感、折痕和压痕检测,结果如表3所示。
表3为革样的性能检测结果
革样 手感 折痕恢复时间,h 压痕恢复时间,h
实施例1 柔软 2.5 3.5
实施例2 柔软 2.0 2.0
实施例3 柔软 3.5 3.5
对比例1 柔软 24 --
对比例2 柔软 32 --
对此例3 柔软 28 --
注:折痕和压痕测试为20KG重压48h后测试恢复时间
从表1和表3中可以看出,本发明的实施例1~3的水性聚氨酯分散体涂层树脂具有模量低、拉伸强度和伸长率高的特点,应用于服装革发泡层,具有手感柔软、高回弹、高强度以及耐折痕和压痕等特点。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值,这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说,各个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间,以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围,这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开。

Claims (10)

1.一种水性聚氨酯分散体,其特征在于,按质量百分含量计,所述水性聚氨酯分散体的原料配方包括以下组分:
多异氰酸酯 10~25%;
聚醚二元醇 45~80%;
聚醚多元醇 3~15%;
聚醚改性有机硅多元醇 2~5%;
催化剂 0~0.0001%;
亲水扩链剂 2~10%;
多元醇扩链剂 0~10%;
中和剂 1.5~7.5%;
胺类扩链剂 0.5~4.0%;
氨基硅烷 1~4.0%;
其中,所述聚醚多元醇为官能度≥3的聚醚多元醇;
所述氨基硅烷为含伯氨基的硅烷、仲氨基的硅烷中的一种或几种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水性聚氨酯分散体,其特征在于:所述聚醚多元醇为分子量1000~4000的聚丙三醇。
3.根据权利要求1所述的水性聚氨酯分散体,其特征在于:所述聚醚改性有机硅多元醇为直链型聚醚改性有机硅多元醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述的水性聚氨酯分散体,其特征在于:所述氨基硅烷为甲氧基硅烷、乙氧基硅烷中的一种或几种,且所述氨基硅烷中至少带有一个伯氨基。
5.根据权利要求1所述的水性聚氨酯分散体,其特征在于:所述聚醚二元醇为聚环氧丙烷二醇或聚四氢呋喃二醇与聚环氧丙烷二醇的混合物;所述多异氰酸酯为脂肪族异氰酸酯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的水性聚氨酯分散体,其特征在于:所述亲水扩链剂中含亲水基团,所述亲水基团包括阴离子基团、阳离子基团和非离子基团;所述胺类扩链剂为二元胺类扩链剂、三元胺或以上的多元胺类扩链剂中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的水性聚氨酯分散体,其特征在于:所述亲水扩链剂为羧酸盐型扩链剂、磺酸盐型扩链剂中的一种或几种;所述胺类扩链剂为乙二胺、异氟尔酮二胺中的一种或几种。
8.权利要求1~7中任一项权利要求所述的水性聚氨酯分散体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚醚二元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚醚改性有机硅多元醇、多异氰酸酯、催化剂和溶剂混合,在60~100℃下反应制得聚氨酯预聚体;
(2)降温至50~65℃,加入亲水扩链剂、多元醇扩链剂和溶剂,在60~90℃下反应,反应结束后加入溶剂稀释;
(3)降温至35℃以下,加入中和剂进行中和反应;
(4)将步骤(3)制得的体系分散在水中,然后依次加入胺类扩链剂和氨基硅烷,搅拌;
(5)将步骤(4)制得的体系升温至40~65℃,减压蒸馏去除溶剂,制得水性聚氨酯分散体。
9.权利要求1~7中任一项权利要求所述的水性聚氨酯分散体在合成革中的应用。
10.一种合成革用软质高回弹水性聚氨酯涂层,所述涂层的原料包括水性聚氨酯分散体和发泡剂,其特征在于:所述水性聚氨酯分散体为权利要求1~7中任一项权利要求所述的水性聚氨酯分散体。
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