CN111732532B - 一种合成具有缺电子基团的四芳基取代乙烯衍生物的方法 - Google Patents

一种合成具有缺电子基团的四芳基取代乙烯衍生物的方法 Download PDF

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CN111732532B
CN111732532B CN202010701906.1A CN202010701906A CN111732532B CN 111732532 B CN111732532 B CN 111732532B CN 202010701906 A CN202010701906 A CN 202010701906A CN 111732532 B CN111732532 B CN 111732532B
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蔡琥
刘庆
谢永发
岳树升
严章强
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Abstract

本发明涉及有机化学合成技术领域,具体涉及一种合成具有缺电子基团的四芳基取代乙烯衍生物的方法,二芳基取代甲烷与铜试剂在有机溶剂中,加入碱作为促进剂,在氮气条件下加热80~150℃反应12h,反应混合物再经过萃取、去除溶剂和柱层析分离后,得到纯品四芳基取代乙烯衍生物。本发明通过二芳基甲烷衍生物和铜试剂的作用下发生反应,一步合成得到具有缺电子基团的四芳基取代乙烯衍生物,此方法是首次发现。此方法所用到的二芳基甲烷衍生物和铜试剂都是廉价易得的原料,此合成方法也很简单,得到的产物比较单一,容易分离。

Description

一种合成具有缺电子基团的四芳基取代乙烯衍生物的方法
技术领域
本发明属于有机化学合成技术领域,涉及一种合成具有缺电子基团的四芳基取代乙烯衍生物的方法。
背景技术
四芳基取代乙烯类的化合物在荧光材料、太阳能电池材料、有机发光二极管(OLED)材料领域具有广泛的应用。近年来,如四苯基乙烯衍生物(TPE)是聚集诱导发光的明星分子(Zhao, Z. J.; Lam, Jacky, W. Y.; Tang, B. Z. J. Mater. Chem.,2012, 22,23726.)。四芳基取代乙烯类化合物在太阳能电池材料方面也有应用,如四{4-[N,N-(4,4’-二甲氧基苯胺)]苯基}乙烯作为高效的空穴传输材料应用在甲胺碘化铅钙钛矿太阳能电池材料中,获得了高达~11%的能量转换效率(Cabau, L.; Garcia-Benito, I.; Molina-Ontoria, A.; Paromares, E.; et al. Chem. Comm.2015, 51, 13980.)。四芳基取代乙烯类化合物还能应用在有机发光二极管材料中,如N-苯基咔唑取代的四芳基取代乙烯由于其很高的聚集发光效率(0.83)和很好的稳定性可以应用在发光二极管材料中(Zhao,H.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y. T.; Yu, Q.; et al. RSC Adv.2015, 5, 19176.)。鉴于四芳基取代乙烯类化合物在多个领域的应用,发展多样的合成方法来制备四芳基取代乙烯衍生物则非常有必要。
四芳基取代乙烯通常可以通过四芳基乙烷氧化脱氢的方法((1) Xu, Y. F.;Chang, D.; Jiang, J.-X.; et al. New. J. Chem.2016, 40, 9415-9423.)或者利用二芳基酮作为原料与二芳基甲烷碳负离子发生亲核反应得到醇再发生消除反应得到四芳基乙烯((1) D’Alessandro, D. M.; Keene, F. R.; Christopher, J. L.; et al. Aust. J. Chem.2003, 56, 657-664. (2) Banerjee, M.; Emond, S. J.; Rathore, R.; etal. J. Org. Chem.2007, 72, 8054-8061),还可以通过二芳基甲酮和TiCl4作用的条件将其转化成四芳基取代乙烯化合物((1) Jiao, J. J.; Qiao, Z. W.; Li, X.; Cui, Y.;et al. Nature Commun.2018, 9, 4423. (2) Zhang, L. L.; Zhou, X. G.; Lin, Y.H.; et al. Org. Chem. Front.2014, 1, 929-935),还有通过烯烃卤代化合物偶联得到四芳基取代乙烯类的化合物((1) Tsvelikhovsky, D.; Blum, J.; et al. Eur. J. Org. Chem.2008, 14, 2417-2422. (2) Zhou, C. X.; Emrich, D. E.; Larock, R. C.; etal. Org. Lett.2003, 5, 1579-1582)。根据文献检索,我知道有很多种方法可以合成四芳基取代乙烯,但是上述方法中,有的需要多步反应,有的需要昂贵的催化剂等缺点。鉴于前面所述四芳基取代乙烯衍生物在聚集发光材料、太阳能电池材料、有机发光二极管(OLED)材料领域具有广泛的应用,发展通用的方法合成具有缺电子集团四芳基取代乙烯衍生物就显得非常的必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种合成具有缺电子基团的四芳基取代乙烯衍生物的方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
本发明所述的缺电子基团的四芳基乙烯衍生物的合成方法,以结构式如(Ⅰ)所示的二芳基取代甲烷与铜试剂在有机溶剂中,加入碱作为促进剂,在氮气条件下加热80~150℃反应12h,反应混合物再经过萃取、去除溶剂和柱层析分离后,得到纯品结构式如(Ⅱ)所示的四芳基取代乙烯衍生物,反应式如下:
Figure 770909DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
其中R为氢、C4~C60内的芳香基团、氰基、乙酰基、硝基、胺基或者卤素,X为C或N。
进一步地,所述C4~C60内的芳香基团为吡啶环、苯基、取代吡啶环、1-萘基或2-萘基。
进一步地,所述卤素为氟、氯、溴或碘。
进一步地,所述的铜试剂为铜(Cu)、无水氯化铜、无水醋酸铜或无水硝酸铜。
进一步地,所述的碱(Base)为有机碱t-BuONa、t-BuOK或无机碱含OH-的碱金属的碱、含CO3 2-的碱金属碱、磷酸钾等。
进一步地,所述铜试剂与二芳基取代甲烷的摩尔比为1~5:1,优选为2.5:1。
进一步地,所述的有机溶剂可采用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)、六甲基膦酰三胺(HMPT)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、二甲亚砜(DMSO)或1,2-乙二醇。
本发明的具有缺电子基团的四芳基取代乙烯衍生物的合成通式为:
Figure 274703DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明通过二芳基甲烷衍生物和铜试剂的作用下发生反应,一步合成得到具有缺电子基团的四芳基取代乙烯衍生物,此方法是首次发现。
2、此方法所用到的二芳基甲烷衍生物和铜试剂都是廉价易得的原料,此合成方法也很简单,得到的产物比较单一,容易分离。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明专利作进一步说明。
实施例1:四(2-吡啶)乙烯的制备
Figure 248475DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
在一干燥的Shlenck管中一次性加入二(2-吡啶基)甲烷(142 mg, 0.83 mmol),无水醋酸铜(377 mg,2.08 mmol),碳酸钾(287 mg,2.08 mmol)和无水N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(14mL)以及18-冠-6(44 mg,0.17mmol),反应混合物在氮气氛围下120℃搅拌12h,反应混合物经过冷却后,油泵除去溶剂,往混合物中加入乙二胺水溶液(150 mL,1M),水相再用二氯甲烷(每次50 mL)萃取三遍。有机相用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,真空出去溶剂后,柱色谱分离得四(2-吡啶基)乙烯(105 mg),产率75%。1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.50 (ddd,J = 4.9, 1.8, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (td, J = 7.7, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (dt, J = 7.9,1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.09 – 7.01 (m, 1H).
实施例2:四(4-氰基苯基)乙烯的制备
Figure 576426DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
在一个干燥的Schlenck管中一次性加入二(4-氰基苯基)甲烷(65 mg, 0.3mmol),无水醋酸铜(136 mg,0.75 mmol),磷酸钾(150 mg,0.75 mmol)以及18-冠-6(16mg,0.06mmol),随后在氮气氛围下加入无水 N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(5 mL)在封管的条件下加热12小时。反应混合物经过冷却后,加入50 mL稀盐酸(3 M),水相用乙酸乙酯(50 mL)萃取三遍,有机相合并后用饱和碳酸钠和饱和食盐水各洗涤一遍。有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,真空除去溶剂后,经硅胶层析柱色谱分离得四(4-氰基苯基)乙烯62 mg,产率96%。1H NMR(400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.46 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, 8.2H).
实施例3:四(4-吡啶基)乙烯的制备
Figure 432386DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
在一个干燥的三颈烧瓶中一次性加入二(4-吡啶基)甲烷(5.1 g),无水醋酸铜(13.6 g,75 mmol),叔丁醇钾(8.4 g,75 mmol, 2.5 eq),18-冠-6(1.3 g,6 mmol),随后在氮气氛围下加入无水六甲基磷酰三胺(150 mL,氢化钙干燥后在4A分子筛中保存)反应混合物在N2氛围下加热至120℃搅拌12小时,反应混合物经过冷却后,油泵除去溶剂,反应混合物中间加入浓氨水和二氯甲烷后,混合物转移至分液漏斗中分液除去水相,有机相用水洗涤两遍后用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,真空浓缩后柱色谱分离得目标产物3.7g,产率73%。1HNMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.42 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J = 6.0 Hz,1H).
实施例4:四(4-硝基)乙烯的制备。
Figure 536608DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
将二(4-硝基苯基)甲烷(258 mg,1mmol),碳酸钾(138 mg,1 mmol),无水醋酸铜(183 mg, 1eq.)以及5ml 无水N,N-二甲基乙酰胺加入到反应管中加热至80℃搅拌5 h,反应混合物冷却至室温后加入100mL乙二胺水溶液(1 M),和100 mL乙酸乙酯,有机相分离,水相再用乙酸乙酯(100 mL)萃取两遍,有机相合并后用饱和食盐水洗涤(100 mL)三遍,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥后用硅胶柱色谱分离,得橘红色四(4-硝基苯基)乙烯218 mg,产率85%。1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.08 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (d, J =8.6 Hz, 1H).
实施例5:四(4-乙酰基)乙烯的制备
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
在一干燥好的Schlenck管中,一次性加入二(4-乙酰基苯基)甲烷(76 mg,0.3mmol),无水醋酸铜(218 mg,1.2 mmol),叔丁醇钾(135 mg,1.2 mmol),和无水六甲基膦酰三胺(5 mL)。反应混合物在氮气氛围下加热(120℃)搅拌12小时。反应混合物冷却至室温,往反应混合物中加入150乙酸乙酯稀释,有机相用稀盐酸(1 M,50 mL)洗涤一次,再用饱和食盐水洗涤(50 mL)洗涤两次。有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,真空除去溶剂。残留物用硅胶层析柱色谱分离得到油状液体,经加热真空干燥后,得四(4-乙酰基苯基)乙烯51mg,产率68%。1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.73 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J =8.1 Hz, 1H), 2.54 (s, 1H).
尽管已经对本发明的技术方案做了较为详细的阐述和列举,应当理解,对于本领域技术人员来说,对上述实施例做出修改或者采用等同的替代方案,这对本领域的技术人员而言是显而易见,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种合成具有缺电子基团的四芳基或四杂芳基取代乙烯衍生物的方法,其特征在于,以结构式如(Ⅰ)所示的二芳基或二杂芳基取代甲烷与铜试剂在有机溶剂中,加入特定的碱:t-BuONa、t-BuOK或含OH-的碱金属的碱或含CO3 2-的碱金属碱、磷酸钾其中一种作为促进剂,在氮气条件下加热80~150℃反应12h,反应混合物再经过萃取、去除溶剂和柱层析分离后,得到纯品结构式如(Ⅱ)所示的四芳基或四杂芳基取代乙烯衍生物,反应式如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
其中R为氢、C4~C60的芳香基团、氰基、乙酰基、硝基、胺基或者卤素,X为C或N。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种合成具有缺电子基团的四芳基或四杂芳基取代乙烯衍生物的方法,其特征在于,所述卤素为氟、氯、溴或碘。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种合成具有缺电子基团的四芳基或四杂芳基取代乙烯衍生物的方法,其特征在于,所述的铜试剂为无水氯化铜、无水醋酸铜或无水硝酸铜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种合成具有缺电子基团的四芳基或四杂芳基取代乙烯衍生物的方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂采用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、六甲基膦酰三胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲亚砜或1,2-乙二醇。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种合成具有缺电子基团的四芳基或四杂芳基取代乙烯衍生物的方法,其特征在于,所述铜试剂与二芳基取代甲烷的摩尔比为1~5:1。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种合成具有缺电子基团的四芳基或四杂芳基取代乙烯衍生物的方法,其特征在于,所述铜试剂与二芳基取代甲烷的摩尔比为2.5:1。
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