CN111728104A - Micro-ecological type special feed for stichopus japonicus and preparation method - Google Patents

Micro-ecological type special feed for stichopus japonicus and preparation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111728104A
CN111728104A CN202010722604.2A CN202010722604A CN111728104A CN 111728104 A CN111728104 A CN 111728104A CN 202010722604 A CN202010722604 A CN 202010722604A CN 111728104 A CN111728104 A CN 111728104A
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parts
stichopus japonicus
mixing
soybean
preparing
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宋志东
李培玉
黄炳山
李宝山
郝甜甜
孙永智
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Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute
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Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A23K—FODDER
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    • A23K—FODDER
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    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
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    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
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    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract

The invention relates to a micro-ecological type special feed for stichopus japonicus and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture feed processing. The feed is prepared by mixing a culture medium fermented by probiotics with a sea cucumber wet material, wherein the fermented culture medium comprises the following components: 4-6 parts of triple probiotics, 2-4 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 56-64 parts of bran, 2-3 parts of glucose, 7-9 parts of starch and 18-22 parts of soybean zymolyte, wherein the components are mixed and cultured in an incubator at 37-42 ℃ for 10-14 hours, and then mixed with the wet sea cucumber according to the weight ratio of 4-6% of the wet sea cucumber. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing soybean zymolyte; 2) preparing a sea cucumber wet material; 3) preparing triple probiotics; 4) weighing; 5) activating; 6) mixing for the second time; 7) and (4) extruding and granulating. The invention adopts the probiotic combination which can be fixedly planted in the intestinal tract of the stichopus japonicus and stabilize the microbial phase in the intestinal tract to regulate and control the intestinal tract of the stichopus japonicus, thereby playing the role of fixing the intestinal flora structure, improving the utilization rate of nutrient substances and promoting the growth of the stichopus japonicus.

Description

Micro-ecological type special feed for stichopus japonicus and preparation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a micro-ecological type special feed for stichopus japonicus and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a technical method for regulating and controlling the intestinal tract of stichopus japonicus by adopting a probiotic combination which can be fixedly planted in the intestinal tract of stichopus japonicus and stabilize the microbial phase in the intestinal tract, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture feed processing.
Background
In recent years, the rise of stichopus japonicus culture has shifted people's attention to stichopus japonicus intestinal health. The probiotics, as beneficial microorganisms directly living in animal intestinal tracts, can regulate the growth speed of animals, improve the digestion and absorption of nutrients and enhance the immunity of organisms through various ways, including ways of promoting the development of intestinal mucosa villi, producing antibacterial bioactive substances, secreting metabolites for regulating appetite and the like. Although researches on stichopus japonicus intestinal probiotics have been carried out for many years, many problems still exist, including screening of stichopus japonicus intestinal indigenous strains, commercialization, application effects of commercial bacteria in the market and the like, and as the sea cucumbers continuously eat food in the environment, the types and the number of bacteria entering the intestinal tract are always changed, the planting and distribution conditions of beneficial microorganisms in the intestinal tract of the stichopus japonicus are influenced, the flora structure is unstable, and the growth of the stichopus japonicus is not facilitated. In order to change the situation, commercial probiotics are introduced to become dominant bacteria, the intestinal flora structure of the stichopus japonicus is stabilized, and the aims of continuously providing metabolic active substances for the intestinal tracts of organisms and promoting digestion and absorption of nutrient substances are fulfilled. At present, various commercial bacteria are widely applied to stichopus japonicus culture and mainly play a role in optimizing intestinal flora and improving water quality conditions, however, because a plurality of commercial bacteria can not be planted in the intestinal tracts of stichopus japonicus when being used alone, an optimal commercial bacteria combination is needed to be found and a technical method for providing necessary nutrition is needed, so that the commercial bacteria combination can be planted in the intestinal tracts of stichopus japonicus, the intestinal flora structure of the stichopus japonicus can be stabilized, and the growth and development of the stichopus japonicus are promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of unstable stichopus japonicus intestinal flora structure caused by the fact that commercial probiotics cannot be fixedly planted in stichopus japonicus intestinal tracts, and provides a compound probiotic combination and a using technology which can be used in stichopus japonicus feed.
The invention combines a plurality of bacteria screened by earlier experiments, activates the bacteria by using carbohydrates such as glucose, polysaccharide and the like, then cultures the bacteria with the sea cucumber feed with specific components, and then prepares the soft pellet feed which is easy to absorb by the stichopus japonicus by using a specific processing technology, thereby transferring the composite probiotics into the intestinal tract of the stichopus japonicus, forming dominant bacteria, stabilizing the flora structure of the intestinal tract, promoting the absorption of nutrient substances and improving the disease resistance of the stichopus japonicus.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a microecological feed special for stichopus japonicus is characterized by being prepared by mixing a culture medium fermented by probiotics with a wet sea cucumber material, wherein the fermented culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4-6 parts of triple probiotics, 2-4 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 56-64 parts of bran, 2-3 parts of glucose, 7-9 parts of starch and 18-22 parts of soybean zymolyte, wherein the components are mixed and cultured in an incubator at 37-42 ℃ for 10-14 hours, and then mixed with the wet sea cucumber according to the weight ratio of 4-6% of the wet sea cucumber.
The triple probiotics are a combination of bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecium and streptococcus thermophilus, and the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the enterococcus faecium to the streptococcus thermophilus is as follows: enterococcus faecium: streptococcus thermophilus = (1.5-2): (0.8-2).
The bacillus subtilis, the enterococcus faecium and the streptococcus thermophilus are all commercial products, and the activity of the bacillus subtilis, the enterococcus faecium and the streptococcus thermophilus is required to be more than or equal to 1.0 × 1011CFU/g。
The preparation method of the soybean zymolyte comprises the following steps: taking trypsin and flavor enzyme respectively, preparing a complex enzyme according to the weight ratio of 3-5:1-1.5, preparing the complex enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate according to the weight ratio of 1:100-120, adding water according to the solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:5, stirring to fully dissolve the complex enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate, putting the complex enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate into a container with a stirring function and a temperature control function, heating to 52 ℃, setting the stirring speed to be 30r/min, allowing the enzymolysis time to be 4 hours, and freeze-drying the enzymolysis liquid in a freeze-drying machine after 4 hours to obtain the final soybean zymolyte.
The trypsin is a commercial product, and the activity is required to be more than or equal to 4000U/g.
The flavor enzyme is a commercial product, and the activity is required to be more than or equal to 30000U/g.
The sea cucumber wet material is formed by mixing a plurality of raw materials in parts by weight: 16-20 parts of seaweed meal, 3.5-5 parts of fish meal, 2.5-4 parts of shrimp meal, 0.2-0.5 part of yeast powder, 1.5-3 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of alpha-starch, 0.2-1 part of compound mineral, 0.1-0.6 part of compound vitamin, 4-8 parts of shell powder and 56-64 parts of sea mud, and the seaweed powder is prepared by mixing, stirring, crushing and screening the raw materials.
The seaweed powder is a commercial product, and the protein content is required to be more than or equal to 12 percent, the fat content is required to be less than or equal to 1 percent, and the carbohydrate content is required to be more than or equal to 50 percent.
The fish meal is a commercially available product, and the required protein content is more than or equal to 60 percent, the fat content is less than or equal to 8 percent, and the ash content is less than or equal to 18 percent.
The shrimp meal is a commercial product, and the required protein content is more than or equal to 56 percent, the fat content is less than or equal to 12 percent, the ash content is less than or equal to 13 percent, and the water content is less than or equal to 10 percent.
The yeast powder is a wall-broken powder of a commercial product, and the protein content is required to be more than or equal to 80%, and the crushing granularity is more than or equal to 200 meshes.
The soybean meal is a commercial product, and the protein content is required to be more than or equal to 44%, the fat content is required to be less than or equal to 1%, and the ash content is required to be less than or equal to 6%.
The alpha-starch is a commercial product, and the purity requirement is more than or equal to 98 percent.
The compound mineral is a commercial product, and requires MgSO4•7H2O≥3568.0 mg/kg，NaH2PO4•2H20≥25568.0 mg/kg, KCl≥3020.5 mg/kg，KAl(SO4)2≥8.3 mg/kg，CoCl2≥28.0 mg/kg，ZnSO4•7H2O≥353.0 mg/kg，Ca-lactate≥15968.0 mg/kg，CuSO4•5H2O≥9.0 mg/kg，KI≥7.0 mg/kg，MnSO4•4H2O≥63.1 mg/kg，Na2SeO3≥1.5 mg/kg，C6H5O7Fe•5H2O≥1533.0 mg/kg，NaCl100.0≥mg/kg，NaF 4.0≥mg/kg。
The compound vitamin is a commercial product, and the vitamin A acetate is required to be more than or equal to 38.0 mg/kg, and the vitamin D is required to be more than or equal to 38.0 mg/kg3Not less than 13.2mg/kg, α -tocopherol not less than 210.0 mg/kg, vitamin B1Not less than 115.0 mg/kg, vitamin B2Not less than 380.0 mg/kg, pyridoxine not less than 88.0 mg/kg, pantothenic acid not less than 368.0 mg/kg, nicotinic acid not less than 1030.0 mg/kg, vitamin H not less than 10.0 mg/kg, folic acid not less than 20.0 mg/kg, vitamin B12Not less than 1.3 mg/kg, inositol not less than 4000.0 mg/kg, and vitamin C not less than 500.0 mg/kg.
The shell powder is commercially available oyster or scallop shell powder, and the impurity is required to be less than or equal to 5%.
The sea mud is commercially available sea mud, and the water content is required to be less than or equal to 4%.
The preparation method of the microecological special feed for stichopus japonicus comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a soybean zymolyte: taking trypsin and flavor enzyme respectively, preparing a complex enzyme according to the weight ratio of 3-5:1-1.5, preparing the complex enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate according to the weight ratio of 1:100-120, adding water according to the solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:5, stirring to fully dissolve the complex enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate, putting the complex enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate into a container with a stirring function and a temperature control function, heating to 52 ℃, setting the stirring speed to be 30r/min, allowing the enzymolysis time to be 4 hours, and freeze-drying the enzymolysis liquid in a freeze-drying machine after 4 hours to obtain a soybean zymolyte;
2) preparing a sea cucumber wet material: weighing 16-20 parts of seaweed powder, 3.5-5 parts of fish meal, 2.5-4 parts of shrimp meal, 0.2-0.5 part of yeast powder, 1.5-3 parts of bean pulp, 4-6 parts of alpha-starch, 0.2-1 part of compound mineral, 0.1-0.6 part of compound vitamin, 4-8 parts of shell powder and 56-64 parts of sea mud, mixing for the first time for 60-120 seconds, performing coarse powder after mixing, and enabling the coarse powder to pass through a screen with the fineness of 2.0 mm; then, carrying out secondary crushing by using an ultrafine crusher, wherein the crushing fineness is more than 120 meshes, and the oversize material of a standard sieve is less than 5%;
3) preparing triple probiotics: mixing Bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus thermophilus according to the weight ratio of (1.5-2) to (0.8-2);
4) weighing: weighing the components in parts by weight;
5) activating: uniformly stirring and mixing the weighed bran, starch and soybean zymolyte to be used as a base material, mixing glucose, chitosan oligosaccharide and water according to the weight ratio of 3-5%, spraying the mixture onto the base material after uniformly mixing, uniformly stirring to be used as a culture medium, adding triple probiotics into the culture medium for secondary stirring, then putting the culture medium into an incubator, and performing activated culture at the temperature of 37-42 ℃ for 10-14 hours for later use;
6) and (3) secondary mixing: adding the culture medium which is activated by the probiotic fermentation in the step 5) into the sea cucumber wet material prepared in the step 2), mixing and stirring, wherein the adding proportion is 4-6% of the weight ratio of the sea cucumber wet material, and the mixing time is 120 seconds;
7) and (3) extrusion granulation: inputting the mixed raw materials into a granulator for granulation, wherein the aperture of a granulating template is 1.0-7.5mm, and the granulating length is required to be 0.6-1.0 times of the particle size of the particles.
The method for feeding the microecological feed special for the stichopus japonicus comprises the following steps: the prepared soft strip feed is directly fed to cage culture and pond culture of stichopus japonicus within 6 hours for ingestion.
The invention combines three probiotics which can be stably planted in the intestinal tracts of the stichopus japonicus, innovatively utilizes an effective culture medium to activate the probiotics through specific temperature treatment, and uses the activated probiotics and the culture medium thereof to be matched with a specially-made wet material of the stichopus japonicus, thereby achieving the purposes of improving the intestinal immunity of the stichopus japonicus and promoting the growth of the body wall.
Compared with the prior art, the micro-ecological special feed for stichopus japonicus has the following characteristics:
1. the combination of the three probiotics used in the invention can be stably planted in the intestinal tracts of the stichopus japonicus and activated by utilizing various culture media, so that the activity of the probiotics is fully improved before feeding, and the planting capability and survival rate of bacteria in the intestinal tracts of the stichopus japonicus are greatly improved.
2. The enzymolysis soybean protein is introduced into the culture medium as a nitrogen source and a carbon source, which not only serves as a nutrient source of probiotics, but also can serve as a nutrient additive for the stichopus japonicus, thereby achieving the functions of comprehensively adjusting the intestinal environment and the absorption mechanism of the stichopus japonicus and improving the nutritive value of the whole formula.
3. The method of adopting special wet feed to mix the material is more beneficial to the addition and survival of the probiotics viable bacteria, and simultaneously, the feeding form of the wet granular material is adopted, thereby solving the problem of the loss of components of the feed which are dissolved immediately when meeting water, ensuring that the probiotics and nutrient substances are ingested to the maximum extent, and preventing the feed from being too hard and difficult to be digested and utilized.
4. Compared with the large-scale fermentation required by the traditional fermented stichopus japonicus feed, the fermentation used by the invention is only directed at small material fermentation, and then the small material fermentation is added into the wet material according to a certain proportion, so that the cost improvement brought by the large-scale fermentation is saved, and a better feeding effect is also shown.
The microecological feed special for stichopus japonicus is suitable for stichopus japonicus with the monomer weight of more than 10 g, and has stronger stability to intestinal flora, better food calling property, easier digestion and absorption and faster growth compared with the traditional dry adding mode.
Detailed Description
The following provides a specific embodiment of the present invention for further explaining the constitution of the present invention.
Example 1
The microecological feed special for stichopus japonicus is prepared by mixing a culture medium fermented by probiotics with a wet sea cucumber material, wherein the fermented culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of triple probiotics (wherein the ratio of bacillus subtilis to enterococcus faecium to streptococcus thermophilus is 2:2:1), 60 parts of bran, 7 parts of starch and 20 parts of soybean zymolyte, the mixture is mixed into a base material, 4 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide and 3 parts of glucose, the two are mixed with water according to the weight ratio of 3%, the mixture is sprayed on the base material after being mixed, the mixture is cultured and fermented for 14 hours in an incubator at 37 ℃, and then the mixture is mixed with the wet sea cucumber according to the weight ratio of 4% of the wet sea cucumber.
The preparation method of the soybean zymolyte comprises the following steps: taking trypsin and flavor enzyme respectively, preparing a compound enzyme according to a ratio of 5:1.5, preparing the compound enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate according to a weight ratio of 1:100, adding water according to a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:5, stirring to fully dissolve the compound enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate, putting the compound enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate into a container with a stirring function and a temperature control function, heating to 52 ℃, setting the stirring speed to be 30r/min, allowing enzymolysis to be carried out for 4 hours, and freeze-drying the enzymolysis liquid in a freeze-drying machine after 4 hours to obtain a final zymolyte.
The sea cucumber wet material comprises the following components: 20 parts of seaweed meal, 3.5 parts of fish meal, 2.5 parts of shrimp meal, 0.2 part of yeast powder, 1.5 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of alpha-starch, 0.2 part of compound mineral substance, 0.1 part of compound vitamin, 4 parts of shell powder and 64 parts of sea mud, and the sea cucumber wet material is prepared by crushing and screening the raw materials after mixing and stirring.
The specific preparation method of the microecological feed special for stichopus japonicus in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a soybean zymolyte: preparing trypsin and flavor enzyme into a complex enzyme according to a weight ratio of 5:1.5, mixing the complex enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate according to a weight ratio of 1:100, adding water according to a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:5, stirring to fully dissolve the complex enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate, putting the complex enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate into a container with a stirring function and a temperature control function, heating to 52 ℃, setting the stirring speed to be 30r/min, performing enzymolysis for 4 hours, and freeze-drying the enzymolysis liquid in a freeze-drying machine after 4 hours to obtain a soybean zymolyte;
2) preparing a sea cucumber wet material: taking 20 parts of seaweed meal, 3.5 parts of fish meal, 2.5 parts of shrimp meal, 0.2 part of yeast powder, 1.5 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of alpha-starch, 0.2 part of compound mineral, 0.1 part of compound vitamin, 4 parts of shell powder and 64 parts of sea mud, firstly mixing for 60 seconds, and then carrying out coarse powder, wherein the fineness of the coarse powder passes through a 2.0mm screen; then, a superfine pulverizer is adopted for secondary pulverization, the pulverization fineness is more than 120 meshes, and the oversize material of a standard sieve is less than 5%.
3) Preparing triple probiotics: mixing and blending bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecium and streptococcus thermophilus according to the weight ratio of 2:2: 1;
4) weighing: weighing various raw materials according to the weight parts of the components;
5) activating: uniformly stirring and mixing the weighed bran, starch and soybean zymolyte to serve as a base material, mixing glucose, chitosan oligosaccharide and water according to the weight ratio of 3%, uniformly mixing, spraying the mixture onto the base material, uniformly stirring to serve as a culture medium, adding the triple probiotics into the culture medium, performing secondary stirring, putting the culture medium into an incubator, and performing activated culture at 37 ℃ for 14 hours for later use;
6) and (3) secondary mixing: adding the culture medium which is activated by the probiotic fermentation in the step 5) into the sea cucumber wet material prepared in the step 2), mixing and stirring, wherein the adding proportion is 4% of the weight ratio of the sea cucumber wet material, and the mixing time is 120 seconds;
7) and (3) extrusion granulation: and (3) inputting the mixed raw materials into a granulator for granulation, namely preparing the soft strip microecological feed special for stichopus japonicus, wherein the aperture of a granulation template is required to be 7.5mm, and the granulation length is 1.0 time of the particle size of the particles.
The prepared soft strip feed can be directly fed to 50 g of cage culture stichopus japonicus for ingestion within 6 hours.
Example 2
The microecological feed special for stichopus japonicus is prepared by mixing a culture medium fermented by probiotics with a wet sea cucumber material, wherein the fermented culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of triple probiotics (wherein the ratio of bacillus subtilis to enterococcus faecium to streptococcus thermophilus is 2:1.5: 2), 62 parts of bran, 9 parts of starch and 21 parts of soybean zymolyte, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to be used as a substrate. 2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide and 2 parts of glucose, uniformly mixing the glucose, the chitosan oligosaccharide and water according to the weight ratio of 4%, spraying the mixture onto a backing material, mixing the mixture again, fermenting the mixture for 13 hours at the temperature of 38 ℃, and mixing the mixture with a sea cucumber wet material according to the weight ratio of 6% of the sea cucumber wet material.
The preparation method of the soybean zymolyte comprises the following steps: respectively taking trypsin and flavor enzyme, preparing a compound enzyme according to a weight ratio of 3:1, preparing the compound enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate according to a weight ratio of 1:110, adding water according to a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:5, stirring to fully dissolve the compound enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate, putting the compound enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate into a container with a stirring function and a temperature control function, heating to 52 ℃, setting the stirring speed to be 30r/min, allowing enzymolysis to take 4 hours, and freeze-drying the enzymolysis liquid in a freeze-drying machine after 4 hours to obtain a final zymolyte.
The sea cucumber wet material comprises the following components: 16 parts of seaweed meal, 5 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of shrimp meal, 0.3 part of yeast powder, 2 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of alpha-starch, 0.5 part of compound mineral, 0.2 part of compound vitamin, 5 parts of shell powder and 63 parts of sea mud, and the raw materials are mixed, stirred, crushed and screened to prepare the sea cucumber wet material.
The specific preparation method of the microecological special feed for stichopus japonicus in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a soybean zymolyte: preparing trypsin and flavor enzyme into a compound enzyme according to the weight ratio of 3:1, preparing the compound enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate according to the weight ratio of 1:110, adding water according to the solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:5, stirring to fully dissolve the compound enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate, putting the compound enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate into a container with a stirring function and a temperature control function, heating to 52 ℃, setting the stirring speed to be 30r/min, performing enzymolysis for 4 hours, and freeze-drying the enzymolysis liquid in a freeze-drying machine after 4 hours to obtain a soybean zymolyte;
2) preparing a sea cucumber wet material: taking 16 parts of seaweed meal, 5 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of shrimp meal, 0.3 part of yeast powder, 2 parts of bean pulp, 5 parts of alpha-starch, 0.5 part of compound mineral, 0.2 part of compound vitamin, 5 parts of shell powder and 63 parts of sea mud, firstly mixing for 60 seconds, and then carrying out coarse powder, wherein the coarse powder passes through a 2.0mm tentoria brave screen; then, carrying out secondary crushing by using an ultrafine crusher, wherein the crushing fineness is more than 120 meshes, and the oversize material of a standard sieve is less than 5%;
3) preparing triple probiotics: mixing Bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus thermophilus according to the ratio of 2:1.5: 2;
4) weighing: weighing the components in parts by weight;
5) activating: uniformly stirring and mixing the weighed bran, starch and soybean zymolyte to serve as a base material, combining glucose and chitosan oligosaccharide, mixing water according to the weight ratio of 4%, spraying the mixture onto the base material, uniformly stirring the mixture to serve as a culture medium, adding the prepared triple probiotics into the culture medium, performing secondary stirring, then putting the culture medium into an incubator, and culturing the culture medium for 13 hours at 38 ℃ for later use;
6) and (3) secondary mixing: adding the culture medium which is activated by the probiotic fermentation in the step 5) into the wet sea cucumber material prepared in the step 2), mixing and stirring, wherein the adding proportion is 6% of the weight ratio of the wet sea cucumber material, and the mixing time is 120 seconds;
7) and (3) extrusion granulation: and (3) inputting the mixed raw materials into a granulator for granulation, wherein the aperture of a granulation template is 4.5mm, and the granulation length is required to be 0.8 times of the particle size of the particles.
The prepared soft strip feed is directly fed to a pond culture stichopus japonicus with the weight of 20 grams for feeding within 6 hours.
Example 3
The microecological feed special for stichopus japonicus is prepared by mixing a culture medium fermented by probiotics with a wet sea cucumber material, wherein the fermented culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of triple probiotics (wherein the ratio of bacillus subtilis to enterococcus faecium to streptococcus thermophilus is 1.5:1.5:1), 64 parts of bran, 8 parts of starch and 18 parts of soybean zymolyte are uniformly mixed to be used as a bottom material, 3 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide and 2 parts of glucose are combined and mixed with water according to the weight ratio of 5%, the mixture is cultured in an incubator at 37 ℃ for 12 hours after being mixed, and then the mixture is mixed with the wet sea cucumber according to the weight ratio of 5% of the wet sea cucumber.
The preparation method of the soybean zymolyte comprises the following steps: respectively taking trypsin and flavor enzyme, preparing a compound enzyme according to a weight ratio of 4:1, preparing the compound enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate according to a weight ratio of 1:100, adding water according to a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:5, stirring to fully dissolve the compound enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate, putting the compound enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate into a container with a stirring function and a temperature control function, heating to 52 ℃, setting the stirring speed to be 30r/min, allowing enzymolysis to be carried out for 4 hours, and freeze-drying the enzymolysis liquid in a freeze-drying machine after 4 hours to obtain a final zymolyte.
The sea cucumber wet material comprises the following components: 18 parts of seaweed meal, 4 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of shrimp meal, 0.2 part of yeast powder, 3 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of alpha-starch, 0.3 part of compound mineral, 0.5 part of compound vitamin, 8 parts of shell powder and 58 parts of sea mud, and the raw materials are mixed, stirred, crushed and screened to prepare the sea cucumber wet material.
The specific preparation method of the microecological special feed for stichopus japonicus in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a soybean zymolyte: respectively taking trypsin and flavor enzyme, preparing a compound enzyme according to a weight ratio of 4:1, preparing the compound enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate according to a weight ratio of 1:100, adding water according to a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:5, stirring to fully dissolve the compound enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate, putting the compound enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate into a container with a stirring function and a temperature control function, heating to 52 ℃, setting the stirring speed to 30r/min, performing enzymolysis for 4 hours, and freeze-drying the enzymolysis liquid in a freeze-drying machine after 4 hours to obtain a soybean zymolyte;
2) preparing the sea cucumber wet material by weighing 18 parts of seaweed powder, 4 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of shrimp meal, 0.2 part of yeast powder, 3 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of α -starch, 0.3 part of compound mineral substance, 0.5 part of compound vitamin, 8 parts of shell powder and 58 parts of sea mud，Mixing for 60-120 s for the first time, coarse pulverizing with ø 2.0.0 mm sieve, and pulverizing with micronizer for the second timeWhen the particle size is more than 120 meshes, the oversize material of a standard sieve is less than 5 percent;
3) preparing triple probiotics: mixing Bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus thermophilus according to the ratio of 1.5:1.5: 1;
4) weighing: weighing the components in parts by weight;
5) activating: uniformly stirring and mixing the weighed bran, starch and soybean zymolyte to serve as a base material, combining glucose and chitosan oligosaccharide, mixing water according to the weight ratio of 5%, spraying the mixture onto the base material, uniformly stirring the mixture to serve as a culture medium, adding the prepared triple probiotics into the culture medium, performing secondary stirring, then putting the mixture into an incubator, and culturing the mixture for 14 hours at 37 ℃ for later use;
6) and (3) secondary mixing: adding the culture medium which is activated by the probiotic fermentation in the step 5) into the sea cucumber wet material prepared in the step 2), mixing and stirring, wherein the adding proportion is 5% of the weight ratio of the sea cucumber wet material, and the mixing time is 120 seconds;
7) and (3) extrusion granulation: the mixed raw materials are input into a granulator for granulation, the aperture of a granulation template is 2.0mm, and the granulation length is 1 time of the particle size of the particles.
The prepared soft strip feed is directly fed to pond culture stichopus japonicus with the weight of 5 grams for feeding within 6 hours.
In order to show the actual effect of the invention, the invention particularly provides a specific example of feeding the stichopus japonicus by adopting the micro-ecological special feed for the stichopus japonicus:
1.2018, 5 and 3 days, 480 stichopus japonicus with the weight of about 20 g is purchased from sunshine in Shandong in a certain cultivation base, closed-loop circulating water cultivation is adopted, the stichopus japonicus is divided into 2 groups, each group comprises 3 ponds, and the two groups respectively use a full algae powder feed and the feed of the invention in the whole course till 7 and 2 days in 2018 and 2 months in the period. The weight gain rate of the sea cucumber fed with the feed reaches 100-120 percent and the survival rate is about 93 percent, while the weight gain rate of the sea cucumber fed with the whole algae powder feed group is 50-70 percent and the survival rate is about 80 percent, and the breeding effect of the feed on stichopus japonicus exceeds that of the whole algae powder feed.
Experiments show that the trace of stichopus japonicus climbing can not be seen at the bottom of the culture pond for feeding the whole algae powder feed, and the excrement is less, which indicates that the stichopus japonicus ingests poorly, is seriously sticky and is easy to rot and smelly. Compared with common powdery commercial materials, the feed disclosed by the invention has the advantages of clean water quality, no stink bottom, light sea cucumber spitting phenomenon, no sticking to the bottom, good food calling property and capability of improving the growth speed, and can realize low-carbon, environment-friendly and harmless cultivation of stichopus japonicus.
2. In a certain Penglai farm, 30 g of stichopus japonicus with 5 ten thousand tails is cultured in 2019, 4 and 10 days, and the stichopus japonicus with 3 ten thousand tails is fed with the formula feed, and 2 ten thousand tails of stichopus japonicus are fed with seaweed meal, the conditions of stocking density, water temperature, water change amount and the like are the same, and the stichopus japonicus fed with the feed disclosed by the invention is increased by about 190% after being fed for 6 months, namely 10 and 10 days in the same year, the water change frequency is greatly reduced in the culturing process, the phenomenon of odorless water occurs, and the weight of the stichopus japonicus fed with the seaweed meal is increased by about 150%, and the conclusion shows that the feed product disclosed by the invention has outstanding advantages.
The above-listed embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-listed embodiments, and all technical solutions that can be realized according to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A microecological feed special for stichopus japonicus is characterized by being prepared by mixing a culture medium fermented by probiotics with a wet sea cucumber material, wherein the fermented culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4-6 parts of triple probiotics, 2-4 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 56-64 parts of bran, 2-3 parts of glucose, 7-9 parts of starch and 18-22 parts of soybean zymolyte, wherein the components are mixed and cultured in an incubator at 37-42 ℃ for 10-14 hours, and then mixed with the wet sea cucumber according to the weight ratio of 4-6% of the wet sea cucumber.
2. The microecological feed special for stichopus japonicus according to claim 1, wherein the triple probiotics is a combination of bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecium and streptococcus thermophilus, and the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the enterococcus faecium to the streptococcus thermophilus is as follows: enterococcus faecium: streptococcus thermophilus = (1.5-2): (0.8-2).
3. The microecological feed special for stichopus japonicus according to claim 2, wherein the activities of the bacillus subtilis, the enterococcus faecium and the streptococcus thermophilus are all required to be more than or equal to 1.0 × 1011CFU/g。
4. The microecological feed special for stichopus japonicus according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the soybean zymolyte comprises the following steps: taking trypsin and flavor enzyme respectively, preparing a complex enzyme according to the weight ratio of 3-5:1-1.5, preparing the complex enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate according to the weight ratio of 1:100-120, adding water according to the solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:5, stirring to fully dissolve the complex enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate, putting the complex enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate into a container with a stirring function and a temperature control function, heating to 52 ℃, setting the stirring speed to be 30r/min, allowing the enzymolysis time to be 4 hours, and freeze-drying the enzymolysis liquid in a freeze-drying machine after 4 hours to obtain the final soybean zymolyte.
5. The micro-ecological special feed for stichopus japonicus according to claim 4, characterized in that the trypsin requires an activity of more than or equal to 4000U/g; the required activity of the flavor enzyme is more than or equal to 30000U/g.
6. The microecological feed special for stichopus japonicus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the wet sea cucumber material is prepared by mixing a plurality of raw materials, wherein the raw materials in parts by weight are as follows: 16-20 parts of seaweed meal, 3.5-5 parts of fish meal, 2.5-4 parts of shrimp meal, 0.2-0.5 part of yeast powder, 1.5-3 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of alpha-starch, 0.2-1 part of compound mineral, 0.1-0.6 part of compound vitamin, 4-8 parts of shell powder and 56-64 parts of sea mud, and the seaweed powder is prepared by mixing, stirring, crushing and screening the raw materials.
7. The microecological feed special for stichopus japonicus according to claim 6, wherein the seaweed powder is a seaweed powder mixture, and the protein content is required to be not less than 12%, and the carbohydrate content is required to be not less than 50%.
8. The micro-ecological special feed for stichopus japonicus according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the micro-ecological special feed for stichopus japonicus comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a soybean zymolyte: taking trypsin and flavor enzyme respectively, preparing a complex enzyme according to the weight ratio of 3-5:1-1.5, preparing the complex enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate according to the weight ratio of 1:100-120, adding water according to the solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:5, stirring to fully dissolve the complex enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate, putting the complex enzyme and the soybean protein concentrate into a container with a stirring function and a temperature control function, heating to 52 ℃, setting the stirring speed to be 30r/min, allowing the enzymolysis time to be 4 hours, and freeze-drying the enzymolysis liquid in a freeze-drying machine after 4 hours to obtain a soybean zymolyte;
2) preparing a sea cucumber wet material: weighing 16-20 parts of seaweed powder, 3.5-5 parts of fish meal, 2.5-4 parts of shrimp meal, 0.2-0.5 part of yeast powder, 1.5-3 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of alpha-starch, 0.2-1 part of compound mineral substance, 0.1-0.6 part of compound vitamin, 4-8 parts of shell powder and 56-64 parts of sea mud (the water content of the sea mud is less than or equal to 4 percent), mixing for 60-120 seconds for the first time, and then performing coarse powder, wherein the fineness of the coarse powder passes through a 2.0mm screen; then, carrying out secondary crushing by using an ultrafine crusher, wherein the crushing fineness is more than 120 meshes, and the oversize material of a standard sieve is less than 5%;
3) preparing triple probiotics: mixing Bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus thermophilus according to the weight ratio of (1.5-2) to (0.8-2);
4) weighing: weighing the components in parts by weight;
5) activating: uniformly stirring and mixing the weighed bran, starch and soybean zymolyte to serve as a base material, mixing glucose and chitosan oligosaccharide with water, spraying the mixture onto the base material after uniformly mixing, uniformly stirring to serve as a culture medium, adding triple probiotics into the culture medium, performing secondary stirring, then placing the culture medium into an incubator, and performing activated culture at the temperature of 37-42 ℃ for 10-14 hours for later use;
6) and (3) secondary mixing: adding the culture medium which is activated by the probiotic fermentation in the step 5) into the sea cucumber wet material prepared in the step 2), mixing and stirring, wherein the adding proportion is 4-6% of the weight ratio of the sea cucumber wet material, and the mixing time is 120 seconds;
7) and (3) extrusion granulation: and (3) inputting the mixed raw materials into a granulator for granulation, wherein the aperture of a granulation template is 1.0-7.5mm, and the granulation length is required to be 0.6-1.0 time of the particle size of the particles, so as to prepare the micro-ecological special feed for stichopus japonicus.
9. The method for preparing a special microecological feed for stichopus japonicus according to claim 8, wherein the mass concentration of the mixed solution of the glucose and chitosan oligosaccharide compound and water in the step 5) is 3-5%.
10. The method for preparing the microecological feed special for stichopus japonicus according to claim 8, wherein the method for feeding the produced microecological feed special for stichopus japonicus comprises the following steps: the prepared soft strip feed is directly fed to cage culture or pond culture of stichopus japonicus within 6 hours for ingestion.
CN202010722604.2A 2020-07-24 2020-07-24 Micro-ecological type special feed for stichopus japonicus and preparation method Pending CN111728104A (en)

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