CN111727692A - Artificial seed bank for ecological restoration of mine land vegetation in arid desert region and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Artificial seed bank for ecological restoration of mine land vegetation in arid desert region and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111727692A CN111727692A CN202010610334.6A CN202010610334A CN111727692A CN 111727692 A CN111727692 A CN 111727692A CN 202010610334 A CN202010610334 A CN 202010610334A CN 111727692 A CN111727692 A CN 111727692A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial seed bank for ecological restoration of mine land vegetation in a arid desert region, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1-3 parts of regional pioneer vegetation seeds, 15-30 parts of regional dominant vegetation seeds, 50-125 parts of drought-resistant repair matrix and 0.70-0.80 part of bird, mouse and rabbit repellent; and provides a preparation method thereof. The artificial seed bank realizes the purpose of large-area soil seed bank supplement during ecological restoration of the mine trace land in the arid desert area, improves the germination rate, promotes the growth of the seedling stage, increases the stress resistance, naturally germinates to form a vegetation community, has coexisting multiple species and stable structure, realizes self-renewal and restoration of the ecological restoration area, is easy to obtain, has low cost, is simple and easy to implement, and is suitable for popularization and application in the technical field of ecological restoration of the mine trace land vegetation in the arid desert area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration of mine plots in arid desert regions, and particularly relates to an artificial seed bank for ecological restoration of vegetation of mine plots in arid desert regions and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Desertification is the degradation of land in arid, semi-arid and sub-humid arid regions, and human activities and climate changes are the direct causes of desertification. China is one of the countries which are seriously harmed by desertification, and important achievements are obtained through research and treatment in recent years, but the overall situation is still severe. The area of the arid, semi-arid and sub-humid arid regions in China accounts for 38.3 percent of the area of the homeland. In arid and semi-arid northern areas, due to unreasonable mineral resources long-term development of human beings, excessive grazing of grassland, excessive development of oasis agriculture, production activities, arid and windy climatic conditions and a fragile ecological system of the areas, land desertification is serious, and factors such as drought, soil impoverishment, insufficient seed sources of soil seed banks and the like limit vegetation recovery of sandy wastelands in the areas.
The research of the seed bank is one of the important contents of ecological restoration and vegetation restoration, is a hotspot of the current ecological restoration research, and has positive significance for restoring damaged ecology by utilizing the artificial seed bank for the mine land trace in arid desert regions. Ecological restoration of the mine land of the arid desert area is an important precondition for realizing sustainable development.
The artificial seed bank is an area where the vegetation is sparse and the earth surface is greatly disturbed or bald, because the vegetation is sparse, the soil seed bank is lack of seed sources for a long time and the seed sources in the soil are extremely deficient, even if water is supplied, the recovery of the earth surface vegetation is not facilitated, by means of artificial seed supplement and proliferation, the propagation and fusion of a newly transplanted soil seed bank on the original bald earth surface are promoted by combining the construction of pioneer population and the water and fertilizer retention technology, and the aim of supplementing the soil seed bank for the desert area is fulfilled.
At present, by utilizing limited water resources such as brackish water in a recovery area, ecological water discharged in a flood season and the like, artificial water diversion and overflow are carried out in the main dominant seed spreading period and most seed germination seasons of a soil seed bank, and seed sources are artificially supplemented by combining with a seed floating measure, so that large-area activation of the soil seed bank is realized. For an extremely degenerated area and a section with seriously atrophied soil seed bank capacity, the section with high species diversity and rich soil seed bank capacity is adopted for surface soil transplantation so as to realize the 'donation' of the soil seed bank. But mostly remain at the foundation to discuss their potential as vegetation restoration. From the engineering perspective, the practice of recovering vegetation by using the artificial seed bank is few and few, and the practice report of successful restoration is few. Therefore, how to reasonably configure an artificial seed bank to be transplanted on the exposed ground surface through artificial beneficial measures and promote effective planting of the seed bank through artificial creation of a water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining environment is a problem to be solved urgently by the personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to solve the problem that the rapid recovery of vegetation on sandy wastelands is limited by unreasonable human production activity, drought, soil impoverishment, insufficient seed sources of a soil seed bank and other factors for a long time, and provide an artificial seed bank for restoring vegetation on the mine trail lands in the arid desert area, and the artificial seed bank is used for restoring vegetation from an engineering angle so as to realize the ecological recovery of the vegetation on the mine trail lands in the arid desert area.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the artificial seed bank.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an artificial seed bank for ecological restoration of mine land vegetation in arid desert regions comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1-3 parts of regional pioneer vegetation seeds, 15-30 parts of regional dominant vegetation seeds, 50-125 parts of drought-resistant repair matrix and 0.70-0.80 part of bird, mouse and rabbit repellent.
Preferably, the regional pioneer vegetation seeds select 2-3 seeds of pioneer plants suitable for the ecological restoration region, and the regional dominant vegetation seeds select 4-9 seeds of dominant plants stable in the ecological restoration region.
Preferably, the drought-resistant repair matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50-100 parts of natural sodium bentonite mineral powder, 20-40 parts of potassium fulvate mineral powder, 10-20 parts of licorice waste residue powder, 2-3 parts of super absorbent resin and 1-3 parts of carbendazim wettable powder.
Preferably, the fineness of the natural sodium bentonite mineral powder and the potassium fulvate mineral powder is more than 120 meshes; drying Glycyrrhrizae radix residue powder at low temperature, and pulverizing to obtain powder with fineness of more than 30 meshes.
The preparation method of the pelleted seeds for ecological restoration of the mine trail vegetation in the arid desert area comprises the steps of mixing regional pioneer vegetation seeds and regional dominant vegetation seeds, adding a drought-resistant restoration matrix, granulating the seeds by using a seed pelleting machine, wherein the pellets are 3-5 times of the mass of the seeds, and finally adding a bird and rabbit repellent into the seed pelleting machine to obtain the large-granulated artificial seed bank.
The advantages of the invention in repairing the mine land of the arid desert area by utilizing the artificial seed bank are mainly shown as follows: firstly, the high water-absorbent resin in the drought-resistant repair matrix has a water retention effect, and the natural sodium-based bentonite mineral powder prevents the water suck-back phenomenon of the high water-absorbent resin when the water is deficient; the fulvic acid potassium mineral powder and the licorice waste residue powder have the function of fertilizer retention. The effective proportion of the water and fertilizer retention components in the drought-resistant repair matrix improves the survival rate of the seeds. And secondly, pioneer plants and dominant plants on the seed components of the artificial seed bank are scientifically matched, and a foundation is laid for virtuous circle of mine land-tracking vegetation and soil. The pioneer plants are used as main colony-building seeds of vegetation communities in the initial ecological restoration stage, most of the pioneer plants are annual plants, the ecological restoration method can be quickly adapted to the barren soil condition of the mine track and land, water can be fully utilized, the ecological restoration method can quickly grow in the growing season, shade conditions are provided for the dominant plants in the region, the growth of the dominant plants is promoted, meanwhile, the pioneer plants die quickly after the growing season, organic matters in the soil of the mine track and land can be increased, virtuous circle between vegetation and soil is formed, and a foundation is laid for restoring the growth and stability of the dominant communities in the region.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the artificial seed bank for ecological restoration of the mine mark land vegetation in the arid desert area, provided by the invention, realizes the purpose of large-area soil seed bank supplement during the ecological restoration of the mine mark land in the arid desert area, improves the germination rate, promotes the growth in the seedling stage, increases the stress resistance, naturally germinates to form a vegetation community, has coexistence of multiple species and a stable structure, realizes self-renewal and restoration of the ecological restoration area, is easy to obtain materials, has low cost, is simple and feasible, and is suitable for popularization and application in the technical field of ecological restoration of the mine mark land vegetation in the arid desert area.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is in no way intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The geological environment treatment and ecological restoration of the sand iron ore in Qinghe county-the geological environment treatment of the head area of the reed irrigation canal and canal are taken as an example. The project area is a arid desert ecosystem, the surrounding ecological community is a desert grassland desert sand sagebrush population system, and the restoration area is 36 hectares.
Selecting regional pioneer vegetation and dominant vegetation seeds:
in the head area of the reed irrigation canal, the plants to be planted are composed of super-arid shrubs, early-growing annual herbaceous plants, perennial herbaceous plants, middle-growing short-lived plants and other desert plants. The regional pioneer vegetation is selected from chenopodium camellinum and suaeda salsa, 3.65 kg of wild chenopodium camellinum and 18 kg of suaeda salsa are respectively weighed; the dominant vegetation is selected from cyhalothrin, wheatgrass, sagebrush, stipa capillata and salsola collina, 98 kg of clean cyhalothrin, 23 kg of wheatgrass, 7 kg of sagebrush, 188 kg of stipa capillata and 17 kg of salsola collina are respectively weighed; mixing the above seeds uniformly for use.
Preparing a drought-resistant repair matrix:
the natural sodium bentonite mineral powder is purchased from Qitai county national plain bentonite mineral, the weight is 430 kg, and the fineness is 120 meshes; the potassium fulvate mineral powder is purchased from fulvic acid raw materials of Xinjiang Hui Tong Pheretima humic acid Limited liability company, the weight of the potassium fulvate mineral powder is 180 kg, and the fineness of the potassium fulvate mineral powder is 120 meshes; the liquorice waste residue powder is purchased from Xinjiang Fuwoo pharmaceutical industry Co Ltd for low-temperature drying and crushing, the weight is 90 kg, and the fineness is 30 meshes; the super absorbent resin is bought from the water-retaining agent of green lipp NSI-415 of Beijing honour environment and blue environment technology Limited company, and the weight is 15 kg; carbendazim wettable powder 50% carbendazim wettable powder of Hubei Kangbao Tai Fine chemical Co., Ltd is purchased, and the weight is 8 kg; the materials are stirred evenly for standby.
Bird, mouse and rabbit repellent A9 kg of red bird, mouse, rabbit and bird repellent was purchased from Anhui Ongfeng Biotech Co.
Pelleting vegetation seeds:
respectively adding the mixed seeds and the drought-resistant repair matrix into a pelleting machine by using an RH-480 seed pelleting machine for pelleting treatment, wherein the weight of the prepared pellets is 3-5 times that of the seeds, and finally adding a bird, mouse and rabbit repellent into the pelleting machine to finally prepare the artificial seed bank of the vegetation in the large-grained desert.
Land arrangement of the mine trace land vegetation ecological restoration area in the arid desert area:
according to the mine land-tracing treatment design, the procedures of backfilling, slope cutting, leveling and the like of a field are completed, and before sowing, the sowing area is subjected to horizontal furrow soil preparation or tractor rake plough soil loosening groove hooking mode arrangement.
Broadcasting of the artificial seed bank:
and (3) sowing by using an unmanned aerial vehicle broadcaster, setting the sowing quantity of the prepared desert vegetation artificial seed bank to be 30 kg/hectare, and sowing after the first field snowfalls in autumn. The germination rate and survival rate of the seeds after sowing were investigated and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 germination and survival rates of seeds
| Number of sample | Seed germination Rate (%) | Survival rate (%) | Number of sample | Seed germination Rate (%) | Survival rate (%) |
| 1 | 85 | 65 | 8 | 82 | 60 |
| 2 | 88 | 70 | 9 | 84 | 62 |
| 3 | 90 | 70 | 10 | 81 | 60 |
| 4 | 80 | 60 | Control 1 | 45 | 35 |
| 5 | 87 | 65 | Control 2 | 40 | 30 |
| 6 | 80 | 63 | Control 3 | 35 | 20 |
| 7 | 85 | 65 | - | - | - |
Note: randomly setting 10 sample squares in the recovery area, wherein the area of each sample square is 1 square meter, and recording the germination rate and the survival rate of the seeds after sowing; 3 sample prescriptions are selected as the contrast at the periphery of the recovery area, the sowing mode and the dosage are consistent, the seeds are non-pelleted, and the area is 1 square meter.
As can be seen from Table 1, the germination rate of the pelleted seeds is more than 80%, and the survival rate can reach more than 60%, which is much higher than that of direct sowing.
Ecological environment restoration indexes are as follows:
and the investigation of vegetation coverage is carried out in autumn in the next year, and the vegetation coverage rate of the restoration area reaches 5 percent.
And the investigation of vegetation coverage is carried out in autumn in the third year, and the vegetation coverage rate of the restoration area reaches 8 percent.
Example 2
The geological environment treatment and ecological restoration of the placer mine in Qinghe county-the geological environment treatment of the east region of the northern district of the Ulungu river are taken as an example. The project area is a arid desert ecosystem, the surrounding ecological community is a haloxylon community system of desert small trees, and the restoration area is 194 hectare.
Selecting regional pioneer vegetation and dominant vegetation seeds:
in the east region of the northern coast of Wulun Guhe, the colony-forming plants consist of super-arid, arid shrubs, undershrub and early-growing annual herbaceous plants, perennial herbaceous plants, middle-growing short-lived plants and other desert plants. The regional pioneer vegetation is selected from the group consisting of kochia scoparia and salsola collina, 37 kg of clean species of kochia scoparia and 138 kg of salsola collina are respectively weighed; the dominant vegetation is selected from haloxylon ammodendron, mugwort, caltrop, stipa glauca and elymus foenum-graecum, 420 kg of clean haloxylon ammodendron, 70 kg of mugwort, 228 kg of caltrop, 229 kg of stipa glauca and 806 kg of elymus foenum-graecum are respectively weighed; mixing the above seeds uniformly for use.
Preparing a drought-resistant repair matrix:
purchasing natural sodium bentonite powder from Qitai county national plain bentonite ore with the weight of 4303 kg and the fineness of 120 meshes; the potassium fulvate mineral powder is prepared by purchasing fulvic acid raw materials of Xinjiang Hui Tong Pheretima humic acid Limited liability company, wherein the weight of the raw materials is 1435 kg, and the fineness of the raw materials is 120 meshes; the liquorice waste residue powder is purchased from Xinjiang Fuwoo pharmaceutical industry Co Ltd for low-temperature drying and crushing, the weight is 750 kg, and the fineness is 30 meshes; the super absorbent resin is purchased from a green lipp NSI-415 water-retaining agent of Beijing honour, Huan blue environmental technology Limited company, and the weight is 172 kg; carbendazim wettable powder 50% carbendazim wettable powder of Hubei Kangbao Tai Fine chemical Co., Ltd was purchased, and the weight was 137 kg; the materials are stirred evenly for standby.
Bird, mouse and rabbit repellent A48 kg of red bird, mouse and rabbit repellent was purchased from Anhui Ongfeng Biotech Co.
Pelleting vegetation seeds:
respectively adding the mixed seeds and the drought-resistant repair matrix into a pelleting machine by using an RH-480 seed pelleting machine for pelleting treatment, wherein the weight of the prepared pellets is 3-5 times that of the seeds, and finally adding a bird, mouse and rabbit repellent into the pelleting machine to finally prepare the artificial seed bank of the vegetation in the large-grained desert.
Land arrangement of the mine trace land vegetation ecological restoration area in the arid desert area:
according to the mine land-tracing treatment design, the procedures of backfilling, slope cutting, leveling and the like of a field are completed, and before sowing, the sowing area is subjected to horizontal furrow soil preparation or tractor rake plough soil loosening groove hooking mode arrangement.
Broadcasting of the artificial seed bank:
and (3) sowing by using an unmanned aerial vehicle broadcaster, setting the sowing quantity of the prepared artificial desert vegetation seed bank to be 45 kg/hectare, and sowing after the first field snowfalls in autumn. The germination rate and survival rate of the seeds after sowing were investigated and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 germination and survival rates of seeds
| Number of sample | Seed germination Rate (%) | Survival rate (%) | Number of sample | Seed germination Rate (%) | Survival rate (%) |
| 1 | 75 | 60 | 14 | 78 | 60 |
| 2 | 80 | 68 | 15 | 76 | 60 |
| 3 | 85 | 72 | 16 | 84 | 65 |
| 4 | 78 | 65 | 17 | 82 | 65 |
| 5 | 82 | 70 | 18 | 80 | 68 |
| 6 | 84 | 60 | 19 | 80 | 60 |
| 7 | 88 | 75 | 20 | 75 | 60 |
| 8 | 80 | 65 | Control 1 | 35 | 20 |
| 9 | 77 | 60 | Control 2 | 40 | 25 |
| 10 | 83 | 68 | Control 3 | 30 | 18 |
| 11 | 89 | 70 | Control 4 | 38 | 22 |
| 12 | 88 | 68 | Control 5 | 42 | 27 |
| 13 | 90 | 72 | Control 6 | 35 | 22 |
Note: randomly setting 20 sample squares in the recovery area, wherein the area of each sample square is 1 square meter, and recording the germination rate and the survival rate of the seeds after sowing; 6 sample prescriptions are selected as the contrast at the periphery of the recovery area, the sowing mode and the dosage are consistent, the seeds are non-pelleted, and the area is 1 square meter.
As can be seen from Table 2, the germination rate of the pelleted seeds is over 75%, and the survival rate can reach over 60%, which is much higher than that of the seeds sowed directly.
Ecological environment restoration indexes are as follows:
and the investigation of vegetation coverage is carried out in autumn in the next year, and the vegetation coverage rate of the restoration area reaches 5 percent.
And the investigation of vegetation coverage is carried out in autumn in the third year, and the vegetation coverage rate of the restoration area reaches 10 percent.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The artificial seed bank for ecological restoration of the mine land vegetation in the arid desert region is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 1-3 parts of regional pioneer vegetation seeds, 15-30 parts of regional dominant vegetation seeds, 50-125 parts of drought-resistant repair matrix and 0.70-0.80 part of bird, mouse and rabbit repellent.
2. The artificial seed bank for ecological restoration of vegetation on mine grounds in arid desert regions according to claim 1, wherein the regional pioneer vegetation seeds are seeds of 2-3 species of pioneer plants suitable for the ecological restoration region, and the regional dominant vegetation seeds are seeds of 4-9 species of dominant plants stable in the ecological restoration region.
3. The artificial seed bank for ecological restoration of vegetation on mine plots in the arid desert region according to claim 1, wherein the drought-resistant restoration matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50-100 parts of natural sodium bentonite mineral powder, 20-40 parts of potassium fulvate mineral powder, 10-20 parts of licorice waste residue powder, 2-3 parts of super absorbent resin and 1-3 parts of carbendazim wettable powder.
4. The artificial seed bank for ecological restoration of vegetation on mine plots in the arid desert region according to claim 3, wherein the fineness of the natural sodium bentonite mineral powder and the potassium fulvate mineral powder is more than 120 meshes; drying Glycyrrhrizae radix residue powder at low temperature, and pulverizing to obtain powder with fineness of more than 30 meshes.
5. The method for preparing the artificial seed bank for ecological restoration of mine land vegetation in the arid desert region according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that regional pioneer vegetation seeds and regional dominant vegetation seeds are mixed, a drought-resistant restoration matrix is added, the seeds are granulated by a seed granulating machine, the mass of the granules is 3 to 5 times of that of the seeds, and finally, a bird, rat and bird repellent is added into the seed granulating machine to obtain the granulated artificial seed bank.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114303805A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2022-04-12 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | Method for reclaiming open pit mine dump by utilizing grassland protozoon seed bank |
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Application publication date: 20201002 |