CN102450121A - Seed for aerial seeding and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Seed for aerial seeding and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102450121A CN102450121A CN2010105242530A CN201010524253A CN102450121A CN 102450121 A CN102450121 A CN 102450121A CN 2010105242530 A CN2010105242530 A CN 2010105242530A CN 201010524253 A CN201010524253 A CN 201010524253A CN 102450121 A CN102450121 A CN 102450121A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seed for aerial seeding and a preparation method thereof. The seed for aerial seeding comprises the following components by weight percent: 25-98% of combined carrier material, 1-3% of plant seed and 0.1-2.0% of adhesion agent, wherein the combined carrier material comprises the following components by weight percent: 2-10% of moisturized water-retaining agent, 3-8% of modified starch, 5-30% of organic matter powder, 10-40% of inorganic matter powder, 1-5% of plant growth regulator and/or plant macroelement, secondary element and micronutrient, 1-15% of organic fertilizer or inorganic fertilizer, defined amount of water and 0.5-2.0% of bird and mouse repellent. According to the invention, the mode of vibration through a shaking screen or rolling through a roller and the like is adopted to carry out grain enlarging treatment, and the mode of extrusion through multiple dies or molding through rolling is adopted to prepare a grain-enlarged polygonal anchor-shaped seed for aerial seeding or a flat polygon seed with concave centres of two sides for aerial seeding, thereby being contributed to treating desert and sand storm.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to air seeding (hereinafter to be referred as plant seeds by airplane) afforestation planting technology, relate in particular to aerial seeding seed and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Less investment, speed are fast because scattered seeds by airplane for afforestation plantation has, high efficiency and advantage of wide range of application.Therefore, scattered seeds by airplane for afforestation can quicken to enlarge the vegetation cover area, improves vegetation coverage, is the most directly measure and the way that reduces sandstorm harm.
Yet; Owing to lack Research on New and exploitation; Particularly along with the further expansion of plant seeds by airplane area; The aerial seeding seed land occupation condition worse and worse, problems such as decay have appearred again in the district vegetation of broadcasting of some early sowing in recent years in addition, all give and carry out this large tracts of land sand control cause from now on and cause great influence.
Aerial seeding seed is because in light weight, and only on the surface of sandy soil, after wind, these seeds are easy to rack to low-lying place after the plant seeds by airplane, and these seeds also receive the harm of bird and mouse simultaneously, so survival rate is very low; Especially under the land occupation condition of difficulty, aerial seeding seed is lower in the survival rate on domatic.Although also adopted the big granulation technique of aerial seeding seed at present; But not from solve in essence after the big granulation seed damaged with the contradiction of germinateing; Be not that the seed breakage rate is high after the big granulation, be exactly after the big granulation bond strength too big, they all can cause seed normally to germinate.In addition; Providing growth also to be wanting in consideration aspect the microenvironment for plant; Present big granulation technique is main with the weight that increases seed mainly; Indivedual prescriptions have also added other composition, but the necessary compound nutritional composition of plant germination and growth under extreme conditions is not provided, and are stationed aspect of performance and obtain essence ground and improve landing.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of aerial seeding seed and preparation method thereof, can increase the stability that the seed after the plant seeds by airplane on the spot is stationed.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of aerial seeding seed, its constituent comprises by weight percentage: composite carrier material 25～98%, plant seed 1～3% and adhesive 0.1～2.0%, wherein:
The composite carrier material comprises the water-loss reducer 2～10% of preserving moisture by weight percentage; Modified starch 3～8%; Organic matter powder 5～30%, inorganic matter powder 10～40%, a large amount of, middle amount and the micronutrient element 1～5% of plant growth regulator and/or plant; Organic manure or inorganic fertilizer 1～15%, an amount of water and bird mouse repellant 0.5～2.0%.
Preferably,
The water-loss reducer of preserving moisture is one or more in water-absorbing resins, polyacrylic acid series water-loss reducer, polyacrylic acid starch series water-loss reducer, plant polyose, konjaku glucomannan, cellulose ether (sodium carboxymethylcellulose), starch derivatives, shitosan, sodium alginate, glycerine and the polyalcohol.
Preferably,
Modified starch is one or more in pre-gelatinized starch, crosslinked starch and the composite modified starch.
Preferably,
Plant growth regulator comprises one or more in ABT root-inducing powder, EF plant growth promoter, ethylene glycol furfural (RDA) drought resisting conditioning agent, methyl (NAA), fulvic acid, production increasing agent (4-Iodophenoxyaceticacid), the growth hormone;
The macronutrient of plant comprises one or more in water soluble phosphorous fertilizer powder, water soluble potassic fertilizer powder, the inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer; The middle amount nutritive element of plant comprises one or more in water-soluble calcium fertiliser containing magnesium, zinc sulphate and the ferrous sulfate, the agricultural ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid metallic compound fertilizer and/or the rare earth powder of one or more of the micronutrient element iron content of plant, zinc, manganese, molybdenum trace element.
Preferably,
Bird mouse repellant comprises stalk tar, chilli powder, mustard meal, pepper powder, bird repellent, expelling mouse agent and drives in the agent of bird mouse one or more.
Preferably,
Plant seed comprises one or more in poplar bavin kind, hedysarum scoparium kind, Artemisia spharocephala kind, Radix Calligoni Mongolici kind, shrub lespedeza kind, sacsaoul kind, Sophora alopecuroide kind, prairie milk vetch kind, daghestan sweet clover kind and the sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia) kind.
Preferably,
Adhesive comprises one or more in organic solvent medium type adhesive, the solvable type polymer binder of aqueous medium, potter's clay and the kaolin; Wherein, the solvable type polymer binder of said aqueous medium is one or more in aqueous polyurethane, urea formaldehyde polymer, aqueous alkide resin, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, cellulose ether and the starch derivatives;
The organic matter powder comprises the broken end of powder of straw, timber, organic matter residue, food processing discarded object, the feces of livestock and poultry solid of stalk carbon black or agriculture organic matter carbonizing thing, rice bran, maize cob meal, jowar shell powder, beanstalk or wheat or paddy rice or cotton crop one or more living beings organic materials in the thing that become thoroughly decomposed;
The inorganic matter powder comprises one or more in the inorganic matter of vermiculite, attapulgite, zeolite, diatomite, calcium carbonate, clay, sandy soil and phosphorous, sulphur, magnesium, calcium, potassium, sodium and trace elements iron, manganese;
Organic manure comprises one or more feces of livestock and poultry, and inorganic fertilizer comprises one or more in nitrogen, phosphorus, the potash fertilizer.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of preparation method of foregoing aerial seeding seed, comprising:
(1) preparation composite carrier, that is:
Prepare burden by aforementioned percentage by weight, each solid constituent of being selected for use is pulverized, stirred, in whipping process, evenly spray said an amount of water;
(2) in composite carrier, add said plant seed 1～3% and adhesive 0.1～2.0%; And evenly stir into plant seeds by airplane kind material; Utilize shaking screen vibration or the said plant seeds by airplane kind of rollers roll material to carry out big granulated processed; And utilize mould extruding or the said plant seeds by airplane kind of roll extrusion material, and carry out diversification processing and/or flattening and handle, make said aerial seeding seed.
Preferably,
Carrying out the mould that diversification is handled and/or flattening is handled comprises: one or more in three-dimensional polygonal mould, pyrometric cone mould, the flat polygonal mould of tow sides central concave type and the tow sides central concave triangular plate type die; Plant seeds by airplane kind material is inserted in the mould, made one or more of polygonal aerial seeding seed of big grain diversification anchor shape, pancake and flat tow sides central concave.
The present invention forms polygonal anchor shape or cheese structure through aerial seeding seed being carried out polygonal Pelleting or cake processing, has strengthened the stability that the seed after plant seeds by airplane on the spot is stationed; Preserving moisture through employing, water-loss reducer binds, plant nutrient merges the materials such as activity, inorganic mineral heavy burden matrix and plant fluffy fiber of taking root, and can make imbibition when the seed of polygonal ball shape and cheese runs into the precipitation of about 10mm after plant seeds by airplane, germinates fast.Simultaneously, promote taking root of pionner and take root, thereby improve the germination survival rate of seed through melting the plant establishment active substance of joining.The present invention not only solved in the plant seeds by airplane process seed can run off in a large number with and the low practical problem of germination rate; And improved the drought resistance of vegetation, and can effectively prevent bird, the plague of rats is pecked on a large scale, guarantee that aerial seeding seed is normal in the zone of land occupation condition difference to germinate and grow; And settle down as pionner; Reach the purpose of progressively improving the abominable ecotope in desert, accelerate fragile restoration of the ecosystem pace of construction, all significant to control of desert with the minimizing sandstorm.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with preferred embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is at length set forth.The embodiment that below gives an example only is used for explanation and explains the present invention, and does not constitute the restriction to technical scheme of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Aerial seeding seed embodiment provided by the invention, its constituent mainly comprises by weight percentage: plant seed 1～3%, the water-loss reducer 2～10% of preserving moisture; Modified starch 3～8%, adhesive 0.1～2.0%, organic matter powder 5～30%; Inorganic matter powder 10～40%; Plant growth regulator 1～5%, organic or inorganic fertilizer 1～10%, an amount of water and bird mouse repellant 0.5～2.0%.
Above-mentioned various types of materials is mixed by the scope of above-mentioned percentage by weight, and to make the total weight percent of all material be 100%.Utilize modes such as vibration of rollers roll, shaking screen or mould extruding to carry out big granulation, diversification and/or flattening and handle, process have preserve moisture that water conservation binds, plant nutrient merges the activity of taking root, heavy burden, fluffyly be prone to loose, be prone to germinate after the moisture absorption and take root, repellent bird mouse and the polygonal anchor shape of big grain of nutrition supply function, big cheese and flat polygonal anchor shape aerial seeding seed.
Wherein, plant seed comprises one or more in poplar bavin kind, hedysarum scoparium kind, Artemisia spharocephala kind, Radix Calligoni Mongolici kind, shrub lespedeza kind, sacsaoul kind, Sophora alopecuroide kind, prairie milk vetch kind, daghestan sweet clover kind and the sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia) kind.
Wherein, The water-loss reducer of preserving moisture is one or more in water-absorbing resins, polyacrylic acid series water-loss reducer, polyacrylic acid starch series water-loss reducer, plant polyose, konjaku glucomannan, cellulose ether (sodium carboxymethylcellulose), starch derivatives, shitosan, sodium alginate, glycerine and the polyalcohol; Both had the effect that suction is preserved moisture, had the effect of cohering moulding again.
Wherein, modified starch is one or more in pre-gelatinized starch, crosslinked starch and the composite modified starch.
Wherein, adhesive comprises one or more in organic solvent medium type adhesive, the solvable type polymer binder of aqueous medium, potter's clay and the kaolin, can be used to improve the forming stability of granular materials.Particularly the compound of the solvable type polymer binder of aqueous medium (can be in aqueous polyurethane, urea formaldehyde polymer, aqueous alkide resin, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, cellulose ether, the starch derivatives one or more) can not produce organic solvent to soil environment and pollutes.
Wherein, the organic matter powder comprises the broken end of powder of straw, timber, organic matter residue, food processing discarded object, the feces of livestock and poultry solid of stalk carbon black or agriculture organic matter carbonizing thing, rice bran, maize cob meal, jowar shell powder, beanstalk or wheat or paddy rice or cotton crop one or more living beings organic materials in the thing that become thoroughly decomposed; These organic matter quality are loose, and organic abundant, have very strong physisorption, make that former medicine and the nutritive element in the plant seeds by airplane production of hybrid seeds base-material has preserving moisture, adsorb the effect of long-acting performance.
Wherein, The inorganic matter powder comprises one or more in the inorganic matter of vermiculite, attapulgite, zeolite, diatomite, calcium carbonate, clay and phosphorous, sulphur, magnesium, calcium, potassium, sodium and trace elements iron, manganese; Essential inorganic salts is provided; The high and big characteristics of table specific area of porosity with clay matrix, the effect of have suction, water conservation, preserving moisture keeps moistening subenvironment.Also comprise and add an amount of heavy sandy soil, the plant seeds by airplane production of hybrid seeds can increase the weight of base-material, helps the fixed point land of aerial seeding seed plant seeds by airplane, and collapses diffusingly after the suction of plant seeds by airplane kind, roots.
Wherein, plant growth regulator comprises one or more in ABT root-inducing powder, EF plant growth promoter, ethylene glycol furfural (RDA) drought resisting conditioning agent, methyl (NAA), fulvic acid, production increasing agent (4-Iodophenoxyacetic acid), the growth hormone.
Wherein, organic manure comprises one or more feces of livestock and poultry, and inorganic fertilizer comprises one or more in nitrogen, phosphorus, the potash fertilizer.
Wherein, bird mouse repellant comprises stalk tar, chilli powder, mustard meal, pepper powder, bird repellent, expelling mouse agent and drives in the agent of bird mouse one or more.
Usually utilize modes such as rollers roll, shaking screen vibration that aerial seeding seed is carried out big granulated processed.The present invention utilizes mould and the polygonal moulds of flat tow sides central concave type (like tow sides central concave triangular plate type die) such as solid is polygonal, pyrometric cone; Diversification is carried out in filler extrusion modling or roll forming and/or flattening is handled, and makes big grain diversification anchor shape aerial seeding seed or flat tow sides central concave multiangular aerial seeding seed.The central concave of flat tow sides central concave multiangular helps when rainfall, accumulating moisture, can impel and help the suction of big grain diversification anchor shape aerial seeding seed piece well.
Embodiment 2
Aerial seeding seed embodiment provided by the invention; Its constituent mainly comprises by weight percentage: plant seed 1～3%, the water-loss reducer 2～10% of preserving moisture, modified starch 3～8%; Adhesive 0.1～2.0%; Organic matter powder 5～30%, inorganic matter powder 10～40%, the big or middle and micronutrient element 1～5% of plant, inorganic or organic manure 1～15%, an amount of water and bird mouse repellant 0.5～2.0%.
Above-mentioned various types of materials is mixed by the scope of above-mentioned percentage by weight, and to make the total weight percent of all material be 100%.Carry out big granulation, diversification and/or flattening is handled with modes such as shaking screen or cylinder or extruding, process have preserve moisture that water conservation binds, plant nutrient merges the activity of taking root, heavy burden, fluffyly be prone to loose, be prone to germinate after the moisture absorption and take root, repellent bird mouse, nutrition supply and the polygonal anchor shape of big grain of growth regulating function, big cheese and flat polygonal anchor shape aerial seeding seed.
Wherein, plant seed, the water-loss reducer of preserving moisture, modified starch, adhesive, organic matter powder, inorganic matter powder, organic or inorganic fertilizer and bird mouse repellant are explained in embodiment 1, so repeat no more.
Wherein, the macronutrient of plant comprises one or more in water soluble phosphorous fertilizer powder, water soluble potassic fertilizer powder, the inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer; The middle amount nutritive element of plant comprises one or more in water-soluble calcium fertiliser containing magnesium, zinc sulphate and the ferrous sulfate; Agricultural ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA, Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid) the metallic compound fertilizer and/or the rare earth powder of one or more of the micronutrient element iron content of plant, zinc, manganese, molybdenum trace element.
Embodiment 3
Aerial seeding seed embodiment provided by the invention, it is formed and comprises composite carrier material 25～98% by weight percentage, plant seed 1～3% and adhesive 0.1～2.0%.
The preparation method embodiment of above-mentioned aerial seeding seed provided by the invention comprises:
(1) preparation composite carrier;
Prepare burden by weight percentage; Comprise the water-loss reducer 2～10% of preserving moisture, modified starch 3～8%, organic matter powder 5～30%; Inorganic matter powder 10～40%; Plant big or middle and micronutrient element or plant growth regulator 1～5%, inorganic fertilizer or organic manure 1～15%, bird mouse repellant 0.5～2.0% and an amount of water; Each solid constituent of being selected for use is pulverized, stirred, in whipping process, evenly spray suitable quantity of water;
Wherein, Described in the concrete selection component such as embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 of water-loss reducer, modified starch, organic matter powder, inorganic matter powder, plant big or middle and micronutrient element and plant growth regulator and inorganic fertilizer or the organic manure of preserving moisture, repeat no more at this.
(2) in composite carrier, add the plant seed 1～3% and adhesive 0.1～2.0% of wanting plant seeds by airplane; And evenly stir into plant seeds by airplane kind material; Modes such as shaking screen or cylinder roll extrusion are carried out big granulated processed; And the mode of multiple kinds of molds roll extrusion such as mould, the flat polygonal mould of tow sides central concave type and tow sides central concave triangular plate type such as utilization is three-dimensional polygonal, pyrometric cone; Diversification and/or flattening processing are carried out in the plant seeds by airplane kind material extruding of inserting mould or roll forming, made big grain diversification anchor shape aerial seeding seed or flat tow sides central concave multiangular aerial seeding seed.
Wherein, described in the concrete selection component of plant seed, adhesive such as embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, repeat no more at this.
The present invention forms polygonal anchor shape or cheese structure through aerial seeding seed being carried out polygonal Pelleting or cake processing, has strengthened the stability that the seed after plant seeds by airplane on the spot is stationed; Preserving moisture through employing, water-loss reducer binds, plant nutrient merges the materials such as activity, inorganic mineral heavy burden matrix and plant fluffy fiber of taking root, and can make imbibition when the seed of polygonal ball shape and cheese runs into the precipitation of about 10mm after plant seeds by airplane, germinates fast.Simultaneously, promote taking root of pionner and take root, thereby improve the germination survival rate of seed through melting the plant establishment active substance of joining.The present invention can guarantee aerial seeding seed normal germination and growth in the zone of land occupation condition difference, and settles down as pionner, reaches the purpose of progressively improving the abominable ecotope in desert, and is all significant with the minimizing sandstorm to control of desert.
Claims (10)
1. aerial seeding seed, its constituent comprises by weight percentage: composite carrier material 25～98%, plant seed 1～3% and adhesive 0.1～2.0%, wherein:
Said composite carrier material comprises the water-loss reducer 2～10% of preserving moisture by weight percentage; Modified starch 3～8%; Organic matter powder 5～30%, inorganic matter powder 10～40%, a large amount of, middle amount and the micronutrient element 1～5% of plant growth regulator and/or plant; Organic manure or inorganic fertilizer 1～15%, an amount of water and bird mouse repellant 0.5～2.0%.
2. according to the described aerial seeding seed of claim 1, it is characterized in that,
The said water-loss reducer of preserving moisture is one or more in water-absorbing resins, polyacrylic acid series water-loss reducer, polyacrylic acid starch series water-loss reducer, plant polyose, konjaku glucomannan, cellulose ether (sodium carboxymethylcellulose), starch derivatives, shitosan, sodium alginate, glycerine and the polyalcohol.
3. according to the described aerial seeding seed of claim 1, it is characterized in that,
Said modified starch is one or more in pre-gelatinized starch, crosslinked starch and the composite modified starch.
4. according to the described aerial seeding seed of claim 1, it is characterized in that,
Said plant growth regulator comprises one or more in ABT root-inducing powder, EF plant growth promoter, ethylene glycol furfural drought resisting conditioning agent, methyl, fulvic acid, production increasing agent (4-Iodophenoxyacetic acid), the growth hormone;
The macronutrient of plant comprises one or more in water soluble phosphorous fertilizer powder, water soluble potassic fertilizer powder, the inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer; The middle amount nutritive element of plant comprises one or more in water-soluble calcium fertiliser containing magnesium, zinc sulphate and the ferrous sulfate, the agricultural ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid metallic compound fertilizer and/or the rare earth powder of one or more of the micronutrient element iron content of plant, zinc, manganese, molybdenum trace element.
5. according to the described aerial seeding seed of claim 1, it is characterized in that,
6. said bird mouse repellant comprises stalk tar, chilli powder, mustard meal, pepper powder, bird repellent, expelling mouse agent and drives in the agent of bird mouse one or more.
7. according to the described aerial seeding seed of claim 1, it is characterized in that,
Said plant seed comprises one or more in poplar bavin kind, hedysarum scoparium kind, Artemisia spharocephala kind, Radix Calligoni Mongolici kind, shrub lespedeza kind, sacsaoul kind, Sophora alopecuroide kind, prairie milk vetch kind, daghestan sweet clover kind and the sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia) kind.
8. according to each described aerial seeding seed of claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that,
Said adhesive comprises one or more in organic solvent medium type adhesive, the solvable type polymer binder of aqueous medium, potter's clay and the kaolin; Wherein, the solvable type polymer binder of said aqueous medium is one or more in aqueous polyurethane, urea formaldehyde polymer, aqueous alkide resin, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, cellulose ether and the starch derivatives;
Said organic matter powder comprises the broken end of powder of straw, timber, organic matter residue, food processing discarded object, the feces of livestock and poultry solid of stalk carbon black or agriculture organic matter carbonizing thing, rice bran, maize cob meal, jowar shell powder, beanstalk or wheat or paddy rice or cotton crop one or more living beings organic materials in the thing that become thoroughly decomposed;
Said inorganic matter powder comprises one or more in the inorganic matter of vermiculite, attapulgite, zeolite, diatomite, calcium carbonate, clay, sandy soil and phosphorous, sulphur, magnesium, calcium, potassium, sodium and trace elements iron, manganese;
Said organic manure comprises one or more feces of livestock and poultry, and said inorganic fertilizer comprises one or more in nitrogen, phosphorus, the potash fertilizer.
9. the preparation method of an aerial seeding seed as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, comprising:
(1) preparation composite carrier, that is:
Prepare burden by said percentage by weight, each solid constituent of being selected for use is pulverized, stirred, in whipping process, evenly spray said an amount of water;
(2) in said composite carrier, add said plant seed 1～3% and adhesive 0.1～2.0%; And evenly stir into plant seeds by airplane kind material; Utilize shaking screen vibration or the said plant seeds by airplane kind of rollers roll material to carry out big granulated processed; And utilize mould extruding or the said plant seeds by airplane kind of roll extrusion material, and carry out diversification processing and/or flattening and handle, make said aerial seeding seed.
10. according to the described preparation method of claim 9, it is characterized in that,
Carrying out the mould that said diversification is handled and/or flattening is handled comprises: one or more in three-dimensional polygonal mould, pyrometric cone mould, the flat polygonal mould of tow sides central concave type and the tow sides central concave triangular plate type die; Said plant seeds by airplane kind material is inserted in the said mould, made one or more of polygonal aerial seeding seed of big grain diversification anchor shape, pancake and flat tow sides central concave.
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Application publication date: 20120516 |