CN111705421A - 一种含有水刺复合纤维层的保鲜垫及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种含有水刺复合纤维层的保鲜垫及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111705421A
CN111705421A CN202010573380.3A CN202010573380A CN111705421A CN 111705421 A CN111705421 A CN 111705421A CN 202010573380 A CN202010573380 A CN 202010573380A CN 111705421 A CN111705421 A CN 111705421A
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composite fiber
spunlace
fibers
spunlace composite
pad
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CN111705421B (zh
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朱宏伟
徐熊耀
乔国华
许国良
赵柳涛
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Zhejiang Wangjin Nonwovens Co ltd
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Zhejiang Wangjin Nonwovens Co ltd
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    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种含有水刺复合纤维层的保鲜垫及其制备方法，所述保鲜垫由上至下由纺粘无纺布、两层水刺复合纤维层和塑料膜压制得到，所述水刺复合纤维层的制备原料包括质量比为(1‑5):1的粘胶纤维和竹纤维，所述水刺复合纤维层采用珍珠纹水刺工艺制备得到，两层水刺复合纤维层之间填充吸水材料和保鲜剂。所述制备方法包括：开松混合、梳理铺网、水刺加固、压制、填充、切边、收卷的步骤。所述保鲜垫具有强度高、吸水性强、延长食物保鲜时间、安全环保的优点。

Description

一种含有水刺复合纤维层的保鲜垫及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于食品保鲜技术领域，具体涉及一种含有水刺复合纤维层的保鲜垫及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着科学技术的发展和人民生活水平的提高，人们对日常饮食的丰富程度和安全问题提出了越来越高的要求。现代化商超的生鲜类、肉类、蔬果等食材都出现了单独包装，越来越多的人选择购买已经分切包装好的食材，不仅方便购买，而且美观卫生。这就对食材的包装提出了新的要求，在尽量保持食材的新鲜和美味口感的同时，尽量延长食材的保质期。目前，市场上常用的包装是采用单层塑料盒或塑料泡沫，生鲜或肉类放置其中，在自重和外层包覆的薄膜挤压双重作用下，食材内部的水或血液会渗出并在底部累积，食材在长时间的浸泡下，品质和口感都会下降。
专利CN201210030248.3提供了果蔬、食物调湿抑菌保鲜包装物和制作方法及其应用，该包装物以A和B为基本原料加工而成，其中A为麻纤维，B为粘胶纤维、棉纤维或竹炭纤维，A和B的重量比分别为10～90∶90～10，将麻纤维分别与经过纳米技术处理的粘胶、棉或竹炭纤维混纺成纱或合股成线，确定纱支范围为5～60英支，织物紧度为40～90％，交织成保鲜布，最后根据需要加工成各种保鲜包装材料。
专利CN201910620877.3提供了一种耐水保鲜复合纸，包括基纸层、表胶层，基纸层的定量为22-23g/m2，表胶层的定量为1-2g/m2，基纸层由下列原料制得基纸浆料，然后经湿法抄造制得：主浆料、聚环氧乙烷、烷基烯酮二聚体、聚酰胺聚胺环氧氯丙烷树脂、纳米ZnO、纳米TiO2，主浆料由漂白硫酸盐针叶木浆、化学纤维和水打浆疏解混合制得；表胶层由下列原料表胶制得：聚乙烯醇PVA树脂、蜡乳液、水。
目前，用于食品的、具有吸湿保鲜功能的包装物品类较少，产品强度较低，长期使用容易破碎，且制作较为复杂，成本较高。另外，包装物采用的材料和制作过程中采用的原料需要同时具有生物可降解性和无毒害性。因此，本领域亟需一种吸湿性强、强韧耐用、环保安全且成本低廉的食品包装材料。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提供一种含有水刺复合纤维层的保鲜垫及其制备方法，所述保鲜垫由上至下由纺粘无纺布、两层水刺复合纤维层和塑料膜压制得到，所述水刺复合纤维层的制备原料包括质量比为(1-5):1的粘胶纤维和竹纤维，所述水刺复合纤维层采用珍珠纹水刺工艺制备得到，两层水刺复合纤维层之间填充功能性材料，所述功能性材料包括吸水材料和保鲜剂。
本发明所述的保鲜垫的上层为纺粘无纺布，纺粘无纺布强度高、稳定性和耐高低温性能好，同时具有良好的透气性，且安全无毒，适合作为与食品直接接触的一层。另外，所述纺粘无纺布为具有较大表面积的纤网粘合加固而成，其内部具有错综复杂的网道，可以作为导流层，将食物渗出的水或血液导流至下方的水刺复合纤维层。所述水刺复合纤维层具有较高的吸湿性，再配合所述吸水材料，能够将食物渗出的水或血液吸收，具有吸液和储液的功能，以保持上层纺粘无纺布的干爽；吸湿后，所述保鲜剂遇水并释放出来，作用于食物，提高保鲜抑菌效果。所述塑料膜作为底层防漏层，防止过多的水从水刺复合纤维层渗漏，同时保持所述保鲜垫底部干爽，为食物储存提供良好的环境。
所述水刺复合纤维层的面密度为100-250g/m2，所述水刺复合纤维层的制备原料粘胶纤维与竹纤维的质量比为(1-5):1，优选的，所述粘胶纤维与竹纤维的质量比为(2-3):1。
优选的，所述粘胶纤维的线密度为1.5-6dtex，竹纤维的线密度为1.5-10dtex。
本发明选择粘胶纤维作为所述保鲜垫的主体吸水纤维材料，粘胶纤维是一种从天然木浆中提取制造的人造纤维，应用广泛，技术成熟，成本低廉，天然可降解，由于其含有大量活性亲水基团(-OH)，同时结晶度较低，使其具有良好的吸水性能。粘胶纤维与其它纤维的混纺性能较好。竹纤维是从竹子中提取出的纤维，继棉、麻、毛、丝后的第五大天然纤维，竹纤维具有良好的透气性、吸水性和较强的耐磨性，具有天然抗菌、抑菌、除螨、防臭和抗紫外线的功能。
优选的，所述水刺复合纤维层的制备原料还包括细绒棉、苎麻纤维和亚麻纤维中的一种或两种以上的组合，最优选，还包括细绒棉、苎麻纤维和亚麻纤维，所述细绒棉的线密度为1.7-1.95dtex，所述苎麻纤维的线密度为5-7dtex，亚麻纤维的线密度为2-5dtex。
优选的，所述细绒棉与竹纤维的质量比为(0.1-0.2):1，苎麻纤维与竹纤维的质量比为(0.05-0.1):1，亚麻纤维与竹纤维的质量比为(0.05-0.1):1。
细绒棉吸水性和混纺性能好，能够改善所述水刺复合纤维层的柔软度；苎麻纤维和亚麻纤维强度高，较易吸附水分，且水分向大气中散发的速度较快，同时具有抑菌、防霉、透气的功能。
面对所述粘胶纤维断裂强度较小、易变形、耐磨性较差以及竹纤维质地较脆的问题，一方面，本发明选择了细绒棉、苎麻纤维和亚麻纤维与粘胶纤维和竹纤维混纺，改善其韧性和强度；另一方面，在混纺过程中，本发明人选择水刺技术对上述各种纤维进行加固，再配合特殊纹理的表面设计，使得水刺复合纤维层表面形成特殊纹理，有助于协同提高水刺复合纤维层的导水和吸水性能。
本发明采用转鼓式水刺工艺与珍珠纹理设计相结合，所述转鼓的转鼓套具有凹陷的圆形纹理，即可形成珍珠纹理，所述圆形纹理的内部设有均匀孔洞，所述转鼓套的开孔率为15-35％，优选的，所述开孔率为20-30％。
优选的，所述圆形纹理的圆形直径为1-10mm，凹陷深度为0.5-1mm，相邻圆形纹理之间的距离为0.5-2mm，即相邻圆形纹理之间的凸出的棱边的宽度为0.5-2mm。
优选的，多个所述圆形纹理组成一个特定形状的区域，多个特定形状的区域组成阵列，不同特定形状的区域之间的间距为5-10mm，即不同特定形状的区域之间的凹陷的棱边的宽度为5-10mm。所述特定形状选自圆形、三角形、矩形、菱形、梯形或其它不规则形状。
在本发明的一个具体实施方式中，多个所述圆形纹理组成一个三角形区域，多个三角形区域形成阵列，不同三角形区域的间距为5-10mm，即不同三角形区域之间的凹陷的棱边的宽度为5-10mm。
在本发明的一个具体实施方式中，多个所述圆形纹理组成一个距形区域，多个距形区域形成阵列，不同距形区域的间距为5-10mm，即不同距形区域之间的凹陷的棱边的宽度为5-10mm。
本发明所述转鼓套的纹理采用珍珠纹的设计，并探索了珍珠纹的具体结构尺寸，再配合适宜的开孔率，形成了所述水刺复合纤维层的独特的纹理设计，一方面所述纹理设计能够从结构上强化水刺复合纤维层的吸水性能，增加吸液量，强化储水保水性能，另一方面，所述纹理设计能够增加水刺水针撞击转鼓套的几率，形成强劲的反弹水针，不仅节约能源，而且增强了水刺加固的效果，提高了所述水刺复合纤维层的机械性能。
所述两层水刺复合纤维层之间填充功能性材料，当两层水刺复合纤维层相对重叠时，所述水刺复合纤维层的具有凹陷的圆形纹理和不同区域阵列之间凹陷的棱边的位置即可形成空腔，所述功能性材料填充在所述空腔内部。
所述功能性材料包括吸水材料和保鲜剂，所述吸水材料为吸水性树脂，例如聚乙烯醇系吸水树脂、聚乙烯酸盐系吸水树脂、纤维素系吸水树脂，所述保鲜剂包括但不限于壳聚糖、茶多酚、鱼精蛋白。当吸水材料吸收大量水时，保鲜剂遇水释放出来，作用于食物。
本发明还提供所述保鲜垫的制备方法，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)开松混合：将质量比为(1-5):1的粘胶纤维和竹纤维混合均匀得到混合纤维，将混合纤维用开松机开松；
(2)梳理铺网：将开松后的所述混合纤维使用梳理机梳理，并使用铺网机形成交叉混合均匀的纤维网；
(3)水刺加固：将步骤(2)得到的纤维网进行转鼓水刺加固处理，得到水刺复合纤维层；
(4)压制：将步骤(3)得到的水刺复合纤维层烘干，两层水刺复合纤维层上下叠放，使得凹陷的珍珠纹理相对应，水刺复合纤维层的上下各放置纺粘无纺布和塑料膜，统一切边后，在两层水刺复合纤维层之间的边缘对应凹陷的珍珠纹理处暂时放置隔离条，然后压制粘合；
(5)填充、切边、收卷：将所述隔离条取出，隔离条处形成开口，向开口内填充吸水材料和保鲜剂，再次压制粘合开口处，形成所述保鲜垫，收卷包装。
步骤(1)中，粘胶纤维的线密度为1.5-6dtex，长度为1-10cm；竹纤维的线密度为1.5-10dtex，长度为3-8cm。
优选的，步骤(1)中，加入细绒棉、苎麻纤维和亚麻纤维与粘胶纤维、竹纤维一起开松混合。所述细绒棉的线密度为1.7-1.95dtex，长度为5-10cm；所述苎麻纤维的线密度为5-7dtex，长度为10-15cm；所述亚麻纤维的线密度为2-5dtex，长度为10-15cm。所述细绒棉与竹纤维的质量比为(0.1-0.2):1，苎麻纤维与竹纤维的质量比为(0.05-0.1):1，亚麻纤维与竹纤维的质量比为(0.05-0.1):1。
优选的，上述多种纤维分别开松后，再混合均匀得到混合纤维，混合纤维再进行开松。
步骤(3)中，进行三道水刺工艺，第一道水刺工艺的水刺压力为6-10MPa，第二道水刺工艺的水刺压力为10-13MPa，第三道水刺工艺的水刺压力为8-12MPa，水针孔径为0.1-0.18mm。
优选的，在步骤(3)之前还包括预湿步骤，预湿压力为3-5MPa，预湿时间为0.2-2秒。
步骤(3)中，所述转鼓的转鼓套具有凹陷的圆形纹理，所述圆形纹理的内部设有均匀孔洞，所述转鼓套的开孔率为15-35％，优选的，所述开孔率为20-30％。所述圆形纹理的圆形直径为1-10mm，凹陷深度为0.5-1mm，相邻圆形纹理之间的距离为0.5-5mm。
优选的，多个所述圆形纹理组成一个特定形状的区域，多个特定形状的区域组成阵列，不同特定形状的区域之间的间距为5-10mm。所述特定形状选自圆形、三角形、矩形、菱形、梯形或其它不规则形状。
所述水刺复合纤维层在上述转鼓套表面完成水刺加固处理之后，其表面具有对应转鼓套的纹理。
步骤(4)中，烘干温度为80-120℃。经过步骤(3)之后，两层水刺复合纤维层均具有对应所述转鼓套的纹理，并上下叠放，使得凹陷的珍珠纹理相对，即可在两层之间形成圆形腔体，用于容纳功能性材料；优选的，两层水刺复合纤维层的所述特定形状的区域相对，区域之间的凹陷的棱边可在两层之间形成条状腔体，用于容纳功能性材料。
优选的，所述隔离条还可以放置在两层水刺复合纤维层之间的边缘对应特定形状区域之间的凹陷的棱边处。
所述压制粘合为热压粘合，热压温度为180-220℃，不使用胶粘材料而实现纺粘无纺布、水刺复合纤维层和塑料膜之间的粘合，使得所述保鲜垫环保安全，不污染食物。设有所述隔离条的位置无法热压粘合，自然形成开口，以便后期填充功能性材料。
步骤(5)中，所述再次压制粘合为热压粘合，热压温度为180-220℃。
本发明提供的所述保鲜垫及其制备方法具有以下有益效果：
(1)采用天然可降解且吸水性较强的粘胶纤维、竹纤维、细绒棉、苎麻纤维和亚麻纤维形成混合纤维，并作为水刺复合纤维层的主体，同时发挥天然纤维抑菌、耐磨、透气的优良性能；
(2)采用珍珠纹转鼓水刺工艺，能够显著增强混合纤维的强度，改善其机械性能，形成的水刺复合纤维层经久耐用，不易断裂；
(3)本发明设计了独特的转鼓套纹理结构，强化水刺复合纤维层的吸水性能，增加吸液量，强化储水保水性能，同时增加水刺水针撞击鼓套的几率，形成强劲的反弹水针，不仅节约能源，而且增强了水刺加固的效果；
(4)利用上述水刺复合纤维层的纹理作为容纳腔，填充吸水材料和保鲜剂，进一步增强所述保鲜垫的吸水性能，同时释放保鲜剂，延长食物的保鲜时间。
附图说明
图1为保鲜垫的结构图。
附图中，1-纺粘无纺布，2-水刺复合纤维层，3-塑料膜，4-功能性材料。
具体实施方式
实施例1
如图1，本实施例的保鲜垫由上至下由纺粘无纺布1、两层水刺复合纤维层2和塑料膜3压制得到，水刺复合纤维层的制备原料包括质量比为2:1的粘胶纤维和竹纤维，面密度为250g/m2，水刺复合纤维层采用珍珠纹水刺工艺制备得到，两层水刺复合纤维层之间填充功能性材料4，即为吸水性树脂和壳聚糖。
本实施例采用转鼓式水刺工艺与珍珠纹理设计相结合，转鼓套具有凹陷的圆形纹理，即形成珍珠纹理，圆形纹理的内部设有均匀孔洞，转鼓套的开孔率为20％。圆形纹理的圆形直径为5mm，凹陷深度为0.5mm，相邻圆形纹理之间的距离为1mm，即相邻圆形纹理之间的凸出的棱边的宽度为1mm。
多个圆形纹理组成一个距形区域，多个距形区域形成阵列，不同距形区域的间距为5mm，即不同距形区域之间的凹陷的棱边的宽度为5mm。
本实施例的保鲜垫的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)开松混合：将质量比为2:1的粘胶纤维和竹纤维分别开松后，混合均匀得到混合纤维，将混合纤维用开松机开松，其中，粘胶纤维的线密度为2dtex，长度为3cm；竹纤维的线密度为4dtex，长度为4cm；
(2)梳理铺网：将开松后的所述混合纤维使用梳理机梳理，并使用铺网机形成交叉混合均匀的纤维网；
(3)水刺加固：将步骤(2)得到的纤维网进行预湿，预湿压力为3MPa，预湿时间为0.5秒；再进行转鼓水刺加固处理，第一道水刺工艺的水刺压力为6MPa，第二道水刺工艺的水刺压力为12MPa，第三道水刺工艺的水刺压力为8MPa，水针孔径为0.1mm，得到水刺复合纤维层；
(4)压制：将步骤(3)得到的水刺复合纤维层在100℃烘干，两层水刺复合纤维层上下叠放，使得凹陷的珍珠纹理相对应，水刺复合纤维层的上下各放置纺粘无纺布和塑料膜，统一切边后，在两层水刺复合纤维层之间的边缘对应凹陷的珍珠纹理处和对应上述距形区域之间的凹陷的棱边处暂时放置隔离条，然后180℃热压粘合；
(5)填充、切边、收卷：将隔离条取出，隔离条处形成开口，向开口内填充吸水性树脂和壳聚糖，再次热压粘合开口处，形成保鲜垫，收卷包装。
实施例2
本实施例的保鲜垫中，水刺复合纤维层的制备原料包括质量比为3:1的粘胶纤维和竹纤维，其它结构和制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例3
本实施例的保鲜垫中，水刺复合纤维层的制备原料包括质量比为5:1的粘胶纤维和竹纤维，其它结构和制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例4
本实施例的保鲜垫中，水刺复合纤维层的制备原料包括粘胶纤维、竹纤维、细绒棉、苎麻纤维和亚麻纤维，质量比为3:1:0.1:0.05:0.05。其它结构参数和转鼓套结构与实施例1相同。
制备方法：(1)开松混合：将质量比为3:1:0.1:0.05:0.05的粘胶纤维、竹纤维、细绒棉、苎麻纤维和亚麻纤维分别开松后，混合均匀得到混合纤维，将混合纤维用开松机开松，其中，粘胶纤维的线密度为2dtex，长度为3cm；竹纤维的线密度为4dtex，长度为4cm；细绒棉的线密度为1.95dtex，长度为10cm；所述苎麻纤维的线密度为7.0dtex，长度为10cm；亚麻纤维的线密度为2.0dtex长度为10cm；；
步骤(2)与实施例1的相同；
(3)水刺加固：将步骤(2)得到的纤维网进行预湿，预湿压力为3MPa，预湿时间为1.8秒；再进行转鼓水刺加固处理，第一道水刺工艺的水刺压力为10MPa，第二道水刺工艺的水刺压力为13MPa，第三道水刺工艺的水刺压力为12MPa，水针孔径为0.18mm，得到水刺复合纤维层；
步骤(4)-(5)与实施例1的相同；
实施例5
本实施例的保鲜垫中，转鼓套的开孔率为30％，其它结构和参数以及制备方法与实施例4相同。
实施例6
本实施例的保鲜垫中，转鼓套的开孔率为35％，其它结构和参数以及制备方法与实施例4相同。
实施例7
本实施例的保鲜垫的面密度为100g/m2，转鼓套的开孔率为30％，圆形纹理的圆形直径为10mm，凹陷深度为1mm，相邻圆形纹理之间的距离为2mm，即相邻圆形纹理之间的凸出的棱边的宽度为2mm。
多个圆形纹理组成一个三角形区域，多个三角形区域形成阵列，不同三角形区域的间距为10mm，即不同三角形区域之间的凹陷的棱边的宽度为10mm。
本实施例的保鲜垫的制备方法与实施例4的相同。
实施例8
本实施例的保鲜垫的面密度为200g/m2，转鼓套的开孔率为30％，圆形纹理的圆形直径为10mm，凹陷深度为1mm，相邻圆形纹理之间的距离为0.5mm，即相邻圆形纹理之间的凸出的棱边的宽度为0.5mm。
多个圆形纹理组成一个三角形区域，多个三角形区域形成阵列，不同三角形区域的间距为8mm，即不同三角形区域之间的凹陷的棱边的宽度为8mm。
本实施例的保鲜垫的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)开松混合：将质量比为3:1:0.2:0.1:0.1的粘胶纤维、竹纤维、细绒棉、苎麻纤维和亚麻纤维分别开松后，混合均匀得到混合纤维，将混合纤维用开松机开松，其中，粘胶纤维的线密度为6dtex，长度为10cm；竹纤维的线密度为10dtex，长度为8cm；细绒棉的线密度为1.7dtex，长度为10cm；所述苎麻纤维的线密度为5.0dtex，长度为15cm；亚麻纤维的线密度为5.0dtex，长度为15cm；
(2)梳理铺网：将开松后的所述混合纤维使用梳理机梳理，并使用铺网机形成交叉混合均匀的纤维网；
(3)水刺加固：将步骤(2)得到的纤维网进行预湿，预湿压力为5MPa，预湿时间为0.8秒；再进行转鼓水刺加固处理，第一道水刺工艺的水刺压力为8MPa，第二道水刺工艺的水刺压力为11MPa，第三道水刺工艺的水刺压力为10MPa，水针孔径为0.15mm，得到水刺复合纤维层；
(4)压制：将步骤(3)得到的水刺复合纤维层在90℃烘干，两层水刺复合纤维层上下叠放，使得凹陷的珍珠纹理相对应，水刺复合纤维层的上下各放置纺粘无纺布和塑料膜，统一切边后，在两层水刺复合纤维层之间的边缘对应凹陷的珍珠纹理处和对应上述三角形区域之间的凹陷的棱边处暂时放置隔离条，然后220℃热压粘合；
(5)填充、切边、收卷：将隔离条取出，隔离条处形成开口，向开口内填充吸水性树脂和壳聚糖，再次热压粘合开口处，形成保鲜垫，收卷包装。
对比例1
本对比例的保鲜垫的水刺复合纤维层中，未加入竹纤维，其它结构和参数与实施例1相同。
制备方法：(1)开松混合：将粘胶纤维用开松机开松，粘胶纤维的线密度为2dtex，长度为2cm；其它步骤与实施例1相同。
对比例2
本对比例的保鲜垫在转鼓水刺工艺处理环节，使用的转鼓套没有珍珠形纹理和特殊形状的区域矩阵，只有均匀分布的孔洞，孔洞直径0.5mm，不填充功能性材料，其它结构和参数与实施例1相同。
制备方法：步骤(1)-(3)与实施例1相同；
(4)压制、切边、收卷：将步骤(3)得到的水刺复合纤维层在90℃烘干，两层水刺复合纤维层上下叠放，水刺复合纤维层的上下各放置纺粘无纺布和塑料膜，统一切边后，180℃热压粘合，形成保鲜垫，收卷包装。
表1实施例1-8和对比例1-2的性能比较
Figure BDA0002550448250000091
Figure BDA0002550448250000101
按照标准GZ17570-(非织造布)，对上述实施例和对比例的强度和吸水率进行检测，抑菌率是根据卫生部《消毒技术规范》(第三版第一分册)中实验技术规范(2.12.3)振荡烧瓶试验进行，环境温度32℃，细菌培养温度37℃，细菌培养时间24小时，织物振荡时间1小时。
由表1可知，由不同原料制备的水刺复合纤维层而形成的保鲜垫在强度和吸水性能方面表现优异，纵向拉伸断裂强力达145-173N/5cm，横向拉伸断裂强力达95-122N/5cm，吸水率达到810-854％。保鲜垫内部填充的保鲜剂以及吸水作用，使得食物可长久保鲜，抑菌率达到90-98％。而对比例1和2在强度、吸水性和抑菌性方面性能较差。

Claims (10)

1.一种含有水刺复合纤维层的保鲜垫，其特征在于，所述保鲜垫由上至下由纺粘无纺布、两层水刺复合纤维层层和塑料膜压制得到，所述水刺复合纤维层的制备原料包括质量比为(1-5):1的粘胶纤维和竹纤维，所述水刺复合纤维层采用珍珠纹水刺工艺制备得到，两层水刺复合纤维层之间填充吸水材料和保鲜剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的保鲜垫，其特征在于，所述粘胶纤维与竹纤维的质量比为(2-3):1；所述粘胶纤维的线密度为1.5-6dtex，竹纤维的线密度为1.5-10dtex。
3.根据权利要求1所述的保鲜垫，其特征在于，所述水刺复合纤维层的制备原料还包括细绒棉、苎麻纤维和亚麻纤维中的一种或两种以上的组合，所述细绒棉与竹纤维的质量比为(0.1-0.2):1，苎麻纤维与竹纤维的质量比为(0.05-0.1):1，亚麻纤维与竹纤维的质量比为(0.05-0.1):1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的保鲜垫，其特征在于，所述水刺复合纤维层采用转鼓式水刺工艺与珍珠纹理设计相结合，所述转鼓的转鼓套具有凹陷的圆形纹理，所述圆形纹理的内部设有均匀孔洞，所述转鼓套的开孔率为15-35％。
5.根据权利要求4所述的保鲜垫，其特征在于，所述圆形纹理的圆形直径为1-10mm，凹陷深度为0.5-1mm，相邻圆形纹理之间的距离为0.5-3mm。
6.根据权利要求5所述的保鲜垫，其特征在于，所述两层水刺复合纤维层相对重叠，使得水刺复合纤维层的具有凹陷的圆形纹理的位置形成空腔，所述吸水材料和保鲜剂填充在所述空腔的内部。
7.权利要求1-6所述的保鲜垫的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)开松混合：将质量比为(1-5):1的粘胶纤维和竹纤维混合均匀得到混合纤维，将混合纤维用开松机开松；
(2)梳理铺网：将开松后的所述混合纤维使用梳理机梳理，并使用铺网机形成交叉混合均匀的纤维网；
(3)水刺加固：将步骤(2)得到的纤维网进行转鼓水刺加固处理，得到水刺复合纤维层；
(4)压制：将步骤(3)得到的水刺复合纤维层烘干，两层水刺复合纤维层上下叠放，使得凹陷的珍珠纹理相对应，水刺复合纤维层的上下各放置纺粘无纺布和塑料膜，统一切边后，在两层水刺复合纤维层之间的边缘对应凹陷的珍珠纹理处暂时放置隔离条，然后压制粘合；
(5)填充、切边、收卷：将所述隔离条取出，隔离条处形成开口，向开口内填充吸水材料和保鲜剂，再次压制粘合开口处，形成所述保鲜垫，收卷包装。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)中，进行三道水刺工艺，第一道水刺工艺的水刺压力为6-10MPa，第二道水刺工艺的水刺压力为10-13MPa，第三道水刺工艺的水刺压力为8-12MPa，水针孔径为0.1-0.18mm。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(4)中，烘干温度为80-120℃；经过步骤(3)之后，两层水刺复合纤维层均具有对应转鼓套的纹理，并上下叠放，使得凹陷的珍珠纹理相对，在两层之间形成圆形腔体，用于容纳吸水材料和保鲜剂。
10.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(4)和(5)中的压制粘合为热压粘合，热压温度为180-220℃。
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