CN111704464B - 一种低成本SiZrOC陶瓷材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种低成本SiZrOC陶瓷材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111704464B
CN111704464B CN202010660711.7A CN202010660711A CN111704464B CN 111704464 B CN111704464 B CN 111704464B CN 202010660711 A CN202010660711 A CN 202010660711A CN 111704464 B CN111704464 B CN 111704464B
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郭蕾
马青松
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种低成本SiZrOC陶瓷材料及其制备方法,以小分子量的硅树脂为原料,采用溶胶‑凝胶的方法将无机锆盐引入形成含Zr的PSO先驱体,通过先驱体交联、高温裂解得到SiZrOC陶瓷,该过程中采用的硅树脂为甲基硅树脂,溶于乙醇,无机锆盐为氯氧化锆(ZrOCl2·8H2O),溶于乙醇,加入少量螯合剂、空间位阻剂后混合制备溶胶,静置后形成凝胶。本发明的制备方法,具有成本低廉、耐高温性能好且工艺简单、对设备要求低等优点。

Description

一种低成本SiZrOC陶瓷材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于高温结构陶瓷技术领域,具体涉及一种低成本SiZrOC陶瓷材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
低成本高温陶瓷及陶瓷基复合材料一直是航空航天表明热防护系统和推进系统所关注的重点和热点领域。SiOC陶瓷可看作是SiO2网络中的氧原子被部分碳原子取代的产物。由于有较多碳原子取代了氧进入到SiO4结构中,SiOC陶瓷的力学性能、高温稳定性、化学稳定性等要明显优于石英陶瓷;所以,它被认为是一种很好的轻质、耐高温结构材料。
有机聚合物衍生陶瓷(Polymer Derived Ceramics,PDCs)技术实现了陶瓷制备科学与技术的革命性突破,已经成为陶瓷材料主流制备技术之一。有机聚合物是PDCs技术的源头,它在很大程度上决定了裂解衍生的目标陶瓷的成分、结构和性能。自PDCs技术诞生以来,已经开发出多品种、系列化的有机聚合物。聚硅氧烷(polysiloxane,PSO)是其中重要一员,已经实现商品化,它品种多,价格低,陶瓷产率高,理化性能优良,在空气中稳定性高,操作安全性好,被认为是制备高性价比陶瓷材料的理想原料。取决于组成和微观结构,聚硅氧烷(PSO)衍生SiOC陶瓷在一定条件下还可以表现出电、光、磁、电化学等功能特性,可用作光学材料、电子封装陶瓷基片材料、锂离子电池电极材料等。由此可见,SiOC陶瓷在具有优异机械性能的同时还具有一些功能特性,可以作为一种结构功能一体化的备选材料。
然而,SiOC陶瓷因具有独特的三元亚稳结构,在高温下会发生分相和碳热还原反应,使得其长寿命服役温度不宜超过1250℃。所以,面向越来越苛刻的高温结构应用要求,还需要进一步提升SiOC陶瓷的耐高温能力,从而能够拓宽应用范围。
目前,可采用添加异质元素的方法提高SiOC陶瓷的耐高温能力,在PSO分子结构中引入异质元素,可以改变PSO的裂解行为以及SiOC的分相和结晶行为,从而影响耐高温性能,这是行业研究的一个方向。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术中的SiOC陶瓷材料热稳定性不好的不足,提供一种低成本SiZrOC陶瓷材料及其制备方法,是一种工艺方法简单、操作方便、成本低廉的SiZrOC陶瓷的制备方法,制备得到的SiZrOC陶瓷耐高温性能好。
一种低成本SiZrOC陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备锆溶胶:在40-50℃的恒温条件下,将ZrOCl2·8H2O溶于乙醇中,ZrOCl2·8H2O与乙醇的质量比为(2-5):10,加入螯合剂,螯合剂与ZrOCl2·8H2O的物质的量比为(1-4):1,搅拌得到锆溶胶;所述的螯合剂为乙酰丙酮;
2)制备凝胶:用硅树脂乙醇溶液与上步骤得到的锆溶胶混合,加入空间位阻剂后搅拌均匀,空间位阻剂质量为硅树脂和ZrOCl2·8H2O质量之和的5-20%,静置后形成凝胶;所述空间位阻剂为聚乙二醇;
3)制备先驱体:将上步骤得到的凝胶加热到150-220℃,充分干燥后得到锆改性聚硅氧烷先驱体;
4)制备SiZrOC陶瓷材料:利用先驱体转化法将上步骤得到的锆改性聚硅氧烷先驱体在惰性气氛下进行高温裂解,高温裂解的温度为1000-1200℃,高温裂解的时间为60-90min,裂解完成后得到SiZrOC陶瓷材料。
本发明步骤1)所述的搅拌,是采用磁力搅拌10-20min。
步骤2)所述的用硅树脂乙醇溶液与上步骤得到的锆溶胶混合,其中ZrOCl2·8H2O与硅树脂的质量比为(1-10):10,硅树脂乙醇溶液的质量浓度为30-50%。
步骤2)所述的硅树脂,选自小分子量的甲基硅树脂(MK),MK是一种溶解在甲苯中的甲基硅树脂,该树脂有很高的SiO2含量,完全氧化后含有80%SiO2,按照固体树脂含量计算。
步骤2)所述的静置后形成凝胶,是静置6-28h后形成凝胶。
步骤2)所述的充分干燥,是干燥4-10h。
本发明还涉及采用上述一种低成本SiZrOC陶瓷材料的制备方法得到的SiZrOC陶瓷材料,在PSO分子结构中引入异质元素,可以改变PSO的裂解行为以及SiOC的分相和结晶行为,从而影响耐高温性能,在PSO分子中引入Zr,可生成ZrO2或者ZrSiO4相,其耐高温性能较好,可以提高SiOC陶瓷的耐高温性能,而通过结构简单的小分子硅树脂和无机锆盐,可在保持甚至提高低成本优势的前提下,引入较多含量的Zr,制备耐高温性能更好的SiZrOC陶瓷。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
1、本发明以分子结构简单的甲基硅树脂和价格低廉、容易得到的无机锆盐为原料,利用溶胶凝胶方法合成Zr掺杂PSO,通过先驱体转化裂解法制备SiZrOC陶瓷的技术方案,得到了成本低廉,耐高温性能较好SiZrOC陶瓷,利用无机锆掺杂PSO,可形成Si-O-Zr键同时降低自由碳的含量,从而抑制SiOC陶瓷的碳热还原反应发生,提高SiOC陶瓷的服役温度。
2、本发明制备方法简单,操作方便,成本低廉,获得的SiZrOC陶瓷解决了SiOC陶瓷在1250℃发生碳热还原反应的问题,可有效提升SiOC陶瓷的耐高温性能。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1制备得到的SiOC陶瓷材料经高温热处理后的XRD谱图。
图2是本发明实施例1制备得到的SiZrOC陶瓷材料经高温热处理后的XRD谱图。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例进一步详细描述本发明,但这些实施例不应认为是对本发明的限制。
实施例1:
一种低成本SiZrOC陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备锆溶胶:
在40℃恒温条件下,取4g ZrOCl2·8H2O溶解到20g乙醇中,向其中加入5g乙酰丙酮后磁力搅拌20min,得到锆溶胶;
取MK硅树脂50g溶于50g乙醇,配制质量浓度为50%的MK硅树脂乙醇溶液;
2)制备凝胶:将配制的MK硅树脂乙醇溶液和锆溶胶混合,加入2.7g聚乙二醇,静置6h后,形成凝胶;
3)制备先驱体:将得到的凝胶在干燥箱加热到150℃,干燥10h,得到锆改性聚硅氧烷先驱体;
4)制备SiZrOC陶瓷材料:将得到的锆改性聚硅氧烷先驱体置于1000℃的惰性气体气氛条件下进行裂解,裂解时间60min,得到上述的SiZrOC陶瓷材料。
对上述制得的SiZrOC陶瓷材料与SiOC陶瓷材料分别进行耐高温测试,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)法对其进行分析,图1为SiOC陶瓷材料的XRD谱图,图2为本实施例的SiZrOC陶瓷材料的XRD谱图。
实施例2:
一种低成本SiZrOC陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备锆溶胶:
在50℃恒温条件下,取10g ZrOCl2·8H2O溶解到35g乙醇中,向其中加入6.2g乙酰丙酮后磁力搅拌15min,得到锆溶胶;
取MK硅树脂30g溶于70g乙醇配制浓度为30%的MK硅树脂乙醇溶液;
2)制备凝胶:配制的MK硅树脂乙醇溶液和锆溶胶混合,加入4g聚乙二醇,静置9h后,形成凝胶;
3)制备先驱体:将得到的凝胶在空气中加热到200℃,干燥4h,得到锆改性聚硅氧烷先驱体;
4)制备SiZrOC陶瓷材料:将得到的锆改性聚硅氧烷先驱体置于1200℃的高温惰性气体气氛条件下进行裂解,裂解时间90min,得到上述的SiZrOC陶瓷材料。
对上述制得的SiZrOC陶瓷材料与SiOC陶瓷材料分别进行耐高温测试。
实施例3:
一种低成本SiZrOC陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备锆溶胶:
在45℃恒温条件下,取30g ZrOCl2·8H2O溶解到60g乙醇中,向其中加入9.3g乙酰丙酮后磁力搅拌10min,得到锆溶胶;取MK硅树脂40g溶于60g乙醇配制浓度为40%的MK硅树脂乙醇溶液;
2)制备凝胶:配制的MK硅树脂乙醇溶液和锆溶胶混合,向其中加入12g聚乙二醇,静置28h后,形成凝胶;
3)制备先驱体:将得到的凝胶在空气中加热到220℃,干燥6h,得到锆改性聚硅氧烷先驱体;
4)制备SiZrOC陶瓷材料:将得到的锆改性聚硅氧烷先驱体置于1100℃的高温惰性气体气氛条件下进行裂解,裂解时间90min,得到上述的SiZrOC陶瓷材料。
对上述制得的SiZrOC陶瓷材料与SiOC陶瓷材料分别进行耐高温测试。
对比例1,和实施例1相比,没有添加螯合剂,其他同实施例1:
将上述制得的SiZrOC陶瓷材料与SiOC陶瓷材料分别进行耐高温性能分析。
对比例2,和实施例1相比,没有添加空间位阻剂,其他同实施例1:
将上述制得的SiZrOC陶瓷材料与SiOC陶瓷材料分别进行耐高温性能分析。
实验例:对上述实施例和对比例制得的SiZrOC陶瓷材料与SiOC陶瓷材料分别进行耐高温测试,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)法对其进行分析,结果如下:
Figure BDA0002578442780000041
Figure BDA0002578442780000051
由上述实施例和对比例可知,本发明的SiZrOC陶瓷材料的热稳定性明显优于SiOC陶瓷材料,因此可适用于更高的温度环境。同时,上述制备方法工艺过程简单,成本低廉,在制备溶胶过程中还可选用不同的螯合剂和空间位阻剂得到含Zr凝胶,实现Zr掺杂,以制备出具有不同性能的耐高温陶瓷材料。
通过实施例和对比例的基本性能的比较,实施例的制备工艺明显优于对比例。

Claims (4)

1.一种低成本SiZrOC陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
1)制备锆溶胶:在40-50℃的恒温条件下,将ZrOCl2·8H2O溶于乙醇中,ZrOCl2·8H2O与乙醇的质量比为2-5:10,加入螯合剂,螯合剂与ZrOCl2·8H2O的物质的量比为1-4:1,采用磁力搅拌10-20min得到锆溶胶;所述的螯合剂为乙酰丙酮;
2)制备凝胶:用硅树脂乙醇溶液与上步骤得到的锆溶胶混合,其中ZrOCl2·8H2O与硅树脂的质量比为1-10:10,硅树脂乙醇溶液的质量浓度为30-50%,加入空间位阻剂后搅拌均匀,空间位阻剂质量为硅树脂和ZrOCl2·8H2O质量之和的5-20%,静置后形成凝胶;所述空间位阻剂为聚乙二醇;所述的硅树脂,选自甲基硅树脂;
3)制备先驱体:将上步骤得到的凝胶加热到150-220℃,充分干燥后得到锆改性聚硅氧烷先驱体;
4)制备SiZrOC陶瓷材料:利用先驱体转化法将上步骤得到的锆改性聚硅氧烷先驱体在惰性气氛下进行高温裂解,高温裂解的温度为1000-1200℃,高温裂解的时间为60-90min,裂解完成后得到SiZrOC陶瓷材料;
在1400℃的高温真空条件下,经热处理1h后,得到的SiZrOC陶瓷材料中得质量保留率为90%或93%;
或者在1600℃的高温惰性气体条件下,经热处理1h后,得到的SiZrOC陶瓷材料的质量保留率为91%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本SiZrOC陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)所述的静置后形成凝胶,是静置6-28h后形成凝胶。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本SiZrOC陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤3)所述的充分干燥,是干燥4-10h。
4.一种低成本SiZrOC陶瓷材料,其特征在于:采用权利要求1-3任一项所述的一种低成本SiZrOC陶瓷材料的制备方法得到。
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