WO2023083035A1 - 超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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WO2023083035A1
WO2023083035A1 PCT/CN2022/128579 CN2022128579W WO2023083035A1 WO 2023083035 A1 WO2023083035 A1 WO 2023083035A1 CN 2022128579 W CN2022128579 W CN 2022128579W WO 2023083035 A1 WO2023083035 A1 WO 2023083035A1
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phthalonitrile
hyperbranched
boric acid
preparation
phthalonitrile monomer
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PCT/CN2022/128579
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English (en)
French (fr)
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宋育杰
高慕尧
孔文静
刘明
陈科
黄庆
何流
黄政仁
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中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所
宁波杭州湾新材料研究院
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Priority to KR1020247015347A priority Critical patent/KR20240070709A/ko
Publication of WO2023083035A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023083035A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F5/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F5/02Boron compounds
    • C07F5/04Esters of boric acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule

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  • the application belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and in particular relates to a hyperbranched boric acid-modified phthalonitrile monomer and its preparation method and application.
  • Phthalonitrile resin also known as phthalonitrile resin, is a high temperature resistant resin developed by Keller and his team at the US Naval Laboratory in the 1980s. It refers to a monomer containing phthalonitrile structure, which is a thermosetting resin obtained through the addition and crosslinking of cyano groups, as shown in Figure 1. Compared with several other common high-temperature-resistant resins, phthalonitrile resin exhibits excellent high-temperature stability after proper post-curing treatment. Under air and nitrogen conditions, the decomposition temperature T 5% is above 500°C, and at 400°C , There is no glass transition temperature or softening phenomenon, and the long-term use temperature is as high as 372°C.
  • the addition curing mechanism makes it free of small molecular by-products during the curing stage, and the resulting resin has a dense structure and good dimensional stability.
  • the polymer has good mechanical properties, excellent high temperature resistance, and low water absorption. It also has the characteristics of flame retardancy, low toxicity and smoke-free. It is the only one that can meet the US military standard (MIL-STD-2031) Refractory special polymer materials can be used in aerospace, ships, microelectronics and machinery manufacturing and other fields.
  • the main purpose of this application is to provide a hyperbranched boric acid modified phthalonitrile monomer and its preparation method and application, so as to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a hyperbranched boric acid modified phthalonitrile monomer, the phthalonitrile monomer has a structure as shown in formula (I):
  • R, R', R" are all independently selected from aromatic structures.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides the preparation method of the aforementioned hyperbranched boric acid modified phthalonitrile monomer, which includes:
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a kind of preparation method of modified phthalonitrile resin, it comprises:
  • the phthalonitrile monomer is cured with the phthalonitrile curing agent to prepare the modified phthalonitrile resin.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides the modified phthalonitrile resin prepared by the aforementioned method.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides the use of the aforementioned hyperbranched boric acid-modified phthalonitrile monomer or the aforementioned modified phthalonitrile resin in the fields of aerospace, shipbuilding, microelectronics or machinery manufacturing.
  • the hyperbranched boric acid-modified phthalonitrile monomer prepared by the present application can be dissolved in common organic solvents, which improves the processing performance of the phthalonitrile monomer;
  • the present application introduces the structure of hyperbranched boric acid or hyperbranched boric acid derivatives into the phthalonitrile monomer, and the introduction of boron improves the ablation resistance and high temperature resistance of the resin.
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that the monomer of phthalonitrile structure obtains thermosetting resin through the addition and crosslinking of cyano group in the prior art of the present application;
  • Fig. 2 is the FTIR figure of the hyperbranched boric acid modified phthalonitrile monomer that the embodiment of the present application 3 makes;
  • Fig. 3 is the TGA figure of the modified phthalonitrile resin prepared by embodiment 5 of the present application;
  • Fig. 4 is the PCFC curve figure of the modified phthalonitrile resin prepared by embodiment 5 of the present application.
  • the phthalonitrile monomer of a kind of hyperbranched boric acid modification that it involves has the structure shown in formula (I):
  • R, R', R" are all independently selected from aromatic structures.
  • aromatic structure includes benzene ring and/or aromatic ether, but is not limited thereto.
  • the phthalonitrile monomer has a structure as shown in formula (II):
  • the molecular structure of the phthalonitrile monomer contains a hyperbranched boronic acid structure or a hyperbranched boronic acid derivative structure.
  • Another aspect of the embodiment of the present application also provides the preparation method of the aforementioned hyperbranched boric acid modified phthalonitrile monomer, which includes:
  • the preparation method specifically includes: mixing the phenolic compound with the first solvent, then adding a boron source under a protective atmosphere to form the first mixed reaction system, and reacting at 100-160°C for 3h , to prepare the compound containing the B-O structure.
  • the preparation method specifically includes: mixing the compound containing the B-O structure with a solvent, then adding 4-nitrophthalonitrile and a catalyst to form the second mixed reaction system, and then In a protective atmosphere, react at 30-80° C. for 12-18 hours to prepare the hyperbranched boric acid-modified phthalonitrile monomer.
  • the boron source includes boric acid and/or phenylboronic acid, but is not limited thereto.
  • the phenolic compound includes any one or a combination of two or more of resorcinol, phloroglucinol, bisphenol-A, bisphenol-F or 1,3,5-glucinol , and not limited to this.
  • the catalyst includes a basic catalyst, but is not limited thereto.
  • the basic catalyst includes potassium carbonate, but is not limited thereto.
  • the solvent includes N-methylpyrrolidone, but is not limited thereto.
  • the molar ratio of the boron source to the phenolic compound is 10:1 ⁇ 1:10.
  • the molar ratio of the compound containing the B-O structure, 4-nitrophthalonitrile and the catalyst is 1:1 ⁇ 4:1 ⁇ 4.
  • Another aspect of the embodiments of the present application also provides a method for preparing a modified phthalonitrile resin, comprising:
  • the phthalonitrile monomer is cured with the phthalonitrile curing agent to prepare the modified phthalonitrile resin.
  • the phthalonitrile curing agent includes organic amine curing agent, phenolic curing agent, strong organic acid curing agent, strong organic acid/ammonium salt curing agent, metal salt curing agent, metal curing agent Any one or a combination of two or more, and not limited thereto.
  • the organic amine curing agent includes 4,4'-(1,4-phenylenedioxy)diphenylamine curing agent, 4,4'-bis(4-aminophenoxy)diphenylsulfone, Any one or a combination of two or more of 4,4'-bis(3-aminophenoxy)diphenylsulfone and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, but not limited thereto.
  • the preparation method specifically includes: mixing the phthalonitrile monomer with a phthalonitrile curing agent and performing a curing reaction at 150-600°C.
  • the compound containing the B-O structure is prepared by reacting boric acid with a phenolic compound.
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • the phthalonitrile monomer modified by the hyperbranched boric acid is prepared by reacting the compound containing the B-O structure with 4-nitrophthalonitrile, and the boron source is introduced into the adjacent phthalonitrile monomer.
  • the compound containing the B-O structure (the compound containing the B-O structure contains the -OH structure) and 4-nitrophthalonitrile
  • a phthalonitrile monomer containing a hyperbranched B-O structure also the aforementioned "hyperbranched boric acid-modified phthalonitrile monomer"
  • the modified phthalonitrile resin is obtained by mixing a phthalonitrile monomer containing a hyperbranched B-O structure with a phthalonitrile curing agent, and curing under certain conditions.
  • the curing condition of the phthalonitrile resin is to carry out gradient temperature rise from 150°C to 600°C.
  • Another aspect of the embodiments of the present application also provides the modified phthalonitrile resin prepared by the aforementioned method.
  • the thermo-oxygen stability T 5% 411°C, it has good heat resistance, the heat release peak of the resin is low, and the total heat release is small, indicating that the modified phthalonitrile resin has good ablation resistance.
  • the boron element in the modified phthalonitrile resin forms a heat-insulating protective layer on the surface of the carbide during the pyrolysis process, and the electron-deficient nature of the boron atom attracts electrons from adjacent carbon atoms during the pyrolysis process, resulting in carbon atoms
  • the covalent bond between the rearranged carbon skeleton structure is broken.
  • the amorphous carbon transforms into a more ordered graphitic carbon structure, which reduces the thermal cracking rate of the resin.
  • Another aspect of the embodiments of the present application also provides the use of the aforementioned hyperbranched boric acid-modified phthalonitrile monomer or the aforementioned modified phthalonitrile resin in the fields of aerospace, shipbuilding, microelectronics or machinery manufacturing.
  • boric acid, resorcinol and 4-nitrophthalonitrile monomers were used as raw materials to prepare phthalonitrile monomers. All of these raw materials can be obtained through commercially available channels or the like.
  • the preparation method is as follows:
  • boric acid, resorcinol and 4-nitrophthalonitrile monomers were used as raw materials to prepare phthalonitrile monomers. All of these raw materials can be obtained through commercially available channels or the like.
  • the preparation method is as follows:
  • boric acid, resorcinol and 4-nitrophthalonitrile monomers were used as raw materials to prepare phthalonitrile monomers. All of these raw materials can be obtained through commercially available channels or the like.
  • the preparation method is as follows:
  • phthalonitrile monomers were prepared from phenylboronic acid, resorcinol and 4-nitrophthalonitrile monomers. All of these raw materials can be obtained through commercially available channels or the like.
  • the preparation method is as follows:
  • phthalonitrile monomers were prepared from phenylboronic acid, resorcinol and 4-nitrophthalonitrile monomers. All of these raw materials can be obtained through commercially available channels or the like.
  • the preparation method is as follows:
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that the monomer of phthalonitrile structure obtains thermosetting resin through the addition and crosslinking of cyano group in the prior art of the present application;
  • Figure 2 is the FTIR structure characterization of the hyperbranched boric acid-modified phthalonitrile monomer prepared in Example 3, and the newly generated aryl ether bond peak 1250cm -1 appeared, indicating that the phthalonitrile containing the hyperbranched boric acid structure was successfully prepared monomer;
  • Non-toxic phthalonitrile resin has good thermal stability.
  • Figure 4 is the PCFC curve of the modified phthalonitrile resin prepared in Example 5. The results show that the heat release peak of the resin is low, and the total heat release is small, indicating that the modified phthalonitrile resin has better ablation resistance.
  • phthalonitrile monomers were prepared from phenylboronic acid, bisphenol A and 4-nitrophthalonitrile monomers. All of these raw materials can be obtained through commercially available channels or the like.
  • the preparation method is as follows:
  • the hyperbranched boric acid-modified phthalonitrile monomer in this example is obtained from Example 3, which is mixed with a curing agent to prepare a modified phthalonitrile resin.
  • the specific method is as follows:
  • the mixed system was cured according to the curing process of 150°C, 2h; 180°C, 2h; 220°C, 2h; 260°C, 2h; 280°C, 2h to obtain the modified phthalonitrile resin.
  • the hyperbranched boric acid-modified phthalonitrile monomer in this example is obtained from Example 3, which is mixed with a curing agent to prepare a modified phthalonitrile resin.
  • the specific method is as follows:
  • the phthalonitrile monomer of 4g hyperbranched boric acid modification and 0.4g 4,4 '-(1,4-phenylenedioxy) dianiline solidifying agent are dissolved in 15mL acetone, mix well, then remove excess solvent; Then Put the mixed system in a mold and put it in a vacuum oven to remove the residual solvent;
  • the mixed system was cured according to the curing process of 150°C, 2h; 180°C, 2h; 220°C, 2h; 260°C, 2h; 280°C, 2h to obtain the modified phthalonitrile resin.
  • the novel monomers prepared by the present application have good solubility.
  • the obtained modified phthalonitrile resin has the advantages of high temperature resistance and ablation resistance.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请公开了一种超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体及其制备方法与应用。所述超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体的制备方法包括:使包含硼源、苯酚类化合物与溶剂的第一混合反应体系发生反应,制得含有B-O结构的化合物;以及,使包含所述含有B-O结构的化合物、4-硝基邻苯二甲腈、催化剂与溶剂的第二混合反应体系发生反应,制得超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体。本申请制备的超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体,可以溶于多种有机溶剂,提高了酞腈单体的加工性能;同时由酞腈单体制备的改性酞腈树脂具有优异的耐高温和耐烧蚀性能,其在航空航天、军舰潜艇、电子封装等领域具有广泛的应用前景。

Description

超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体及其制备方法与应用
本申请基于并要求于2021年11月10日递交的申请号为202111329850.2、发明名称为“超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体及其制备方法与应用”的中国专利申请的优先权。
技术领域
本申请属于复合材料技术领域,具体涉及一种超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
酞腈树脂又称为邻苯二甲腈树脂,是20世纪80年代,由美国海军实验室的Keller及其团队研发的一种耐高温树脂。它是指含有邻苯二甲腈结构的单体,通过氰基的加成交联得到的热固性树脂,如图1所示。与其他几种常见的耐高温树脂相比,酞腈树脂经过适当的后固化处理,呈现出优异的高温稳定性,在空气和氮气条件下,分解温度T 5%在500℃以上,400℃时,未出现玻璃化转变温度或者软化现象,长期使用温度高达372℃。加成固化机制使得它在固化阶段没有小分子副产物生成,得到的树脂结构致密,尺寸稳定性好。聚合物具有良好的机械性能,优异的耐高温性能,以及较低的吸水率,还具有阻燃低毒无烟的特点,是唯一一种能够满足美国军用标准(MIL-STD-2031)的耐火特种高分子材料,可用于航空航天、舰船、微电子及机械制造等领域。
发明内容
本申请的主要目的在于提供一种超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体及其制备方法与应用,以克服现有技术的不足。
为实现前述发明目的,本申请采用的技术方案包括:
本申请实施例提供了一种超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体,所述酞腈单体具有如式(I)所示的结构:
Figure PCTCN2022128579-appb-000001
其中,R、R’、R”均独立地选自芳香结构。
本申请实施例还提供了前述的超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体的制备方法,其包括:
使包含硼源、苯酚类化合物与溶剂的第一混合反应体系发生反应,制得含有B-O结构的化合物;
以及,使包含所述含有B-O结构的化合物、4-硝基邻苯二甲腈、催化剂与溶剂的第二混合反应体系发生反应,制得所述超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体。
本申请实施例还提供了一种改性酞腈树脂的制备方法,其包括:
提供前述的超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体;
以及,使所述酞腈单体与酞腈固化剂发生固化反应,制得改性酞腈树脂。
本申请实施例还提供前述方法制备的改性酞腈树脂。
本申请实施例还提供了前述的超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体或前述的改性酞腈树脂于航空航天、舰船、微电子或机械制造领域中的用途。
与现有技术相比,本申请的有益效果在于:
(1)本申请首次在邻苯二甲腈单体中引入超支化B-O结构,且合成方法简单,具有普适性;
(2)本申请制备的超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体能够溶于常见的有机溶剂中,提高了酞腈单体的加工性能;
(3)本申请将超支化硼酸或超支化硼酸衍生物的结构引入到邻苯二甲腈单体中,硼元素的引入提高了树脂的耐烧蚀性和耐高温性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请中记载的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根 据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请现有技术中邻苯二甲腈结构的单体通过氰基的加成交联得到热固性树脂的示意图;
图2为本申请实施例3制得的超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体的FTIR图;
图3为本申请实施例5制备的改性酞腈树脂的TGA图;
图4为本申请实施例5制备的改性酞腈树脂的PCFC曲线图;
具体实施方式
鉴于现有技术的缺陷,本案发明人经长期研究和大量实践,得以提出本申请的技术方案,下面将对本申请的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
具体的,作为本申请技术方案的一个方面,其所涉及的一种超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体具有如式(I)所示的结构:
Figure PCTCN2022128579-appb-000002
其中,R、R’、R”均独立地选自芳香结构。
进一步地,所述芳香结构包括苯环和/或芳香醚,且不限于此。
在一些优选实施方案中,所述酞腈单体具有如式(II)所示的结构:
Figure PCTCN2022128579-appb-000003
进一步地,所述酞腈单体的分子结构中含有超支化硼酸结构或者含有超支化硼酸衍生物的结构。
本申请实施例的另一个方面还提供了前述的超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体的制备方法,其包括:
使包含硼源、苯酚类化合物与溶剂的第一混合反应体系发生反应,制得含有B-O结构的化合物;
以及,使包含所述含有B-O结构的化合物、4-硝基邻苯二甲腈、催化剂与溶剂的第二混合反应体系发生反应,制得所述超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体。
在一些优选实施方案中,所述制备方法具体包括:将苯酚类化合物与第一溶剂混合,之后在保护性气氛下加入硼源形成所述第一混合反应体系,并于100~160℃反应3h,制得所述含有B-O结构的化合物。
在一些优选实施方案中,所述制备方法具体包括:将所述含有B-O结构的化合物与溶剂混合,再加入4-硝基邻苯二甲腈、催化剂形成所述第二混合反应体系,之后在保护性气氛中,并于30~80℃反应12~18h,制得所述超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体。
在一些优选实施方案中,所述硼源包括硼酸和/或苯基硼酸,且不限于此。
进一步地,所述苯酚类化合物包括间苯二酚、、间苯三酚、双酚-A、双酚-F或1,3,5-苯三酚中的任意一种或两种以上的组合,且不限于此。
进一步地,所述催化剂包括碱性催化剂,且不限于此。
更进一步地,所述碱性催化剂包括碳酸钾,且不限于此。
进一步地,所述溶剂包括N-甲基吡咯烷酮,且不限于此。
在一些优选实施方案中,所述硼源与苯酚类化合物的摩尔比为10∶1~1∶10。
进一步地,所述含有B-O结构的化合物、4-硝基邻苯二甲腈与催化剂的摩尔比为1∶1~4∶1~4。
本申请实施例的另一个方面还提供了一种改性酞腈树脂的制备方法,其包括:
提供前述的超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体;
以及,使所述酞腈单体与酞腈固化剂发生固化反应,制得改性酞腈树脂。
在一些优选实施方案中,所述酞腈固化剂包括有机胺类固化剂、酚类固化剂、强有机酸类固化剂、强有机酸/铵盐固化剂、金属盐类固化剂、金属固化剂中的任意一种或两种以上的组合,且不限于此。
进一步地,所述有机胺类固化剂包括4,4′-(1,4-苯二氧基)双苯胺固化剂、4,4′-双(4-氨基苯氧基)二苯基砜、4,4′-双(3-氨基苯氧基)二苯基砜、4,4′-二氨基二苯砜中的任意一种或两种以上的组合,且不限于此。
在一些优选实施方案中,所述制备方法具体包括:使所述酞腈单体与酞腈固化剂混合并于150~600℃发生固化反应。
在一些更为具体的实施方案中,所述含有B-O结构的化合物由硼酸与苯酚类化合物反应制得。
进一步地,将硼酸与间苯二酚按10∶1到1∶10的摩尔比进行投料,选用N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)为溶剂,在惰性气氛下,100~160℃,反应3h,得到含有B-O结构的化合物。
在一些更为具体的实施方案中,所述超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体由所述含有B-O结构的化合物与4-硝基邻苯二甲腈反应制得,将硼源引入到邻苯二甲腈单体中。
进一步地,以碳酸钾为碱性催化剂,N-甲基吡咯烷酮等为溶剂,所述含有B-O结构的化合物(所述含有B-O结构的化合物含有-OH结构)与4-硝基邻苯二甲腈为原料,在惰性气氛下,30~80℃,反应12~18h,得到含有超支化B-O结构的邻苯二甲腈单体(亦前述的“超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体”)。
在一些更为具体的实施方案中,所述改性酞腈树脂是将含有超支化B-O结构的邻苯二甲腈单体与酞腈固化剂混合,在一定的条件下进行固化。
进一步,酞腈树脂固化的条件是从150℃到600℃进行梯度升温。
本申请实施例的另一个方面还提供了前述方法制备的改性酞腈树脂。
本申请中,所述酞腈单体能够溶于常见的有机溶剂,如四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、丙酮、二氯甲烷、,N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶剂等,具有良好的加工性能;经制备得到的树脂在没有经过高温后固化的情况下,热稳定性T 5%=411℃,在1000℃的残炭率为45.68%。 热氧稳定性T 5%=411℃,具有良好的耐热性,该树脂的热释放峰值较低,总热释放较小,说明改性酞腈树脂具有较好的耐烧蚀性。
本申请中改性酞腈树脂中的硼元素在热解过程中在碳化物表面形成隔热防护层,硼原子的缺电子性质在热解过程中从相邻的碳原子吸引电子,导致碳原子与重新排列的碳骨架结构之间的共价键断裂。结果,无定形碳转变为更有序的石墨碳结构,从而降低了树脂的热裂解率。
本申请实施例的另一个方面还提供了前述的超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体或前述的改性酞腈树脂于航空航天、舰船、微电子或机械制造领域中的用途。
下面结合若干优选实施例及附图对本申请的技术方案做进一步详细说明,本实施例在以发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本申请的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
下面所用的实施例中所采用的实验材料,如无特殊说明,均可由常规的生化试剂公司购买得到。
实施例1
在本实例中,以硼酸、间苯二酚和4-硝基邻苯二甲腈单体为原料,制备酞腈单体。这些原料均可以通过市售等途径获取。制备方法如下:
(1)将33.033g的间苯二酚(0.3mol)中加入150mL的NMP,60℃搅拌溶解;
(2)充入N 2,进行吹扫;
(3)加入6.183g的硼酸(0.1mol),在N 2氛围下,100℃反应3h;
(4)接着在体系中加入55.28g的K 2CO 3(0.4mol)和17.313g的4-硝基邻苯二甲腈(0.1mol),N 2氛围下,30℃反应18h;
(5)水洗去除体系中的杂质;
(6)将产物置于烘箱中,80℃干燥,12h,得到粉末状样品,即为超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体。
实施例2
在本实例中,以硼酸、间苯二酚和4-硝基邻苯二甲腈单体为原料,制备酞腈单体。这些原料均可以通过市售等途径获取。制备方法如下:
(1)将33.033g的间苯二酚(0.3mol)中加入150mL的NMP,60℃搅拌溶解;
(2)充入N 2,进行吹扫;
(3)加入6.183g的硼酸(0.1mol),在N 2氛围下,130℃反应3h;
(4)接着在体系中加入49.754g的K 2CO 3(0.36mol)和69.252g的4-硝基邻苯二甲腈 (0.4mol),N 2氛围下,50℃反应15h;
(5)水洗去除体系中的杂质;
(6)将产物置于烘箱中,80℃干燥,12h,得到粉末状样品,即为超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体。
实施例3
在本实例中,以硼酸、间苯二酚和4-硝基邻苯二甲腈单体为原料,制备酞腈单体。这些原料均可以通过市售等途径获取。制备方法如下:
(1)将33.033g的间苯二酚(0.3mol)中加入150mL的NMP,60℃搅拌溶解;
(2)充入N 2,进行吹扫;
(3)加入6.183g的硼酸(0.1mol),在N 2氛围下,160℃反应3h,得到三-(3-羟基苯基)硼酸酯,反应方程式如下式所示:
Figure PCTCN2022128579-appb-000004
(4)接着在体系中加入49.754g的K 2CO 3(0.36mol)和51.939g的4-硝基邻苯二甲腈(0.3mol),N 2氛围下,80℃反应12h;
(5)水洗去除体系中的杂质;
(6)将产物置于烘箱中,80C干燥,12h,得到深绿色的粉末,即为超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体(单体的溶解性如表1所示),反应方程式下式所示:
Figure PCTCN2022128579-appb-000005
实施例4
在本实例中,以苯基硼酸、间苯二酚和4-硝基邻苯二甲腈单体为原料,制备酞腈单体。这些原料均可以通过市售等途径获取。制备方法如下:
(1)将22.022g的间苯二酚(0.2mol)中加入150mL的NMP,60℃搅拌溶解;
(2)充入N 2,进行吹扫;
(3)加入12.193g的苯基硼酸(0.1mol),在N 2氛围下,120℃反应3h,得到二-(3-羟基苯基)苯基硼酸酯;
Figure PCTCN2022128579-appb-000006
(4)接着在体系中加入49.754g的K 2CO 3(0.36mol)和34.626g的4-硝基邻苯二甲腈(0.2mol),N 2氛围下,50℃反应15h;
Figure PCTCN2022128579-appb-000007
(5)水洗去除体系中的杂质;
(6)将产物置于烘箱中,80℃干燥,12h,得到粉末状样品,即为超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体,单体的溶解性如表1所示。
性能表征:
表1实例3、4所制备出来的酞腈单体在常见有机溶剂中的溶解性
Figure PCTCN2022128579-appb-000008
注:“+”代表“溶解”
实施例5
在本实例中,以苯基硼酸、间苯二酚和4-硝基邻苯二甲腈单体为原料,制备酞腈单体。这些原料均可以通过市售等途径获取。制备方法如下:
(1)将22.022g的间苯二酚(0.2mol)中加入150mL的NMP,60℃搅拌溶解;
(2)充入N 2,进行吹扫;
(3)加入12.193g的苯基硼酸(0.1mol),在N 2氛围下,120℃反应3h;
(4)接着在体系中加入13.821g的K 2CO 3(0.1mol)和34.626g的4-硝基邻苯二甲腈(0.2mol),N 2氛围下,50℃反应15h;
(5)水洗去除体系中的杂质;
(6)将产物置于烘箱中,80℃干燥,12h,得到粉末状样品,即为超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体。
性能表征:
图1为本申请现有技术中邻苯二甲腈结构的单体通过氰基的加成交联得到热固性树脂的示意图;
图2为实施例3制得的超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体的FTIR结构表征,出现了新生成的芳醚键的峰1250cm -1,表明成功制备出含有超支化硼酸结构的酞腈单体;
图3为实施例5制备的改性酞腈树脂的TGA结果,表明该树脂在空气氛围中,T 5%=413℃,氩气氛围中,T 5%=411℃,说明这种新型的改性酞腈树脂具有良好的热稳定性。
图4为实施例5制备的改性酞腈树脂的PCFC曲线,结果表明该树脂的热释放峰值较低,总热释放较小,说明改性酞腈树脂具有较好的耐烧蚀性。
实施例6
在本实例中,以苯基硼酸、双酚A和4-硝基邻苯二甲腈单体为原料,制备酞腈单体。这些原料均可以通过市售等途径获取。制备方法如下:
(1)将68.4g的双酚A(0.3mol)中加入150mL的NMP,60℃搅拌溶解;
(2)充入N 2,进行吹扫;
(3)加入12.193g的苯基硼酸(0.1mol),在N 2氛围下,120℃反应3h;
(4)接着在体系中加入49.754g的K 2CO 3(0.36mol)和34.626g的4-硝基邻苯二甲腈(0.4mol),N 2氛围下,50℃反应15h;
(5)水洗去除体系中的杂质;
(6)将产物置于烘箱中,80℃干燥,12h,得到粉末状样品,即为超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体。
实施例7
本实例中的超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体是由实施例3制得的,将其与固化剂混合,制备得到改性酞腈树脂。具体方法如下:
将4g超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体和0.4g 4,4′-双(4-氨基苯氧基)二苯基砜固化剂溶于15mL丙酮中,混合均匀,然后除去多余的溶剂;然后将混合体系置于模具中,放入真空烘箱,除去残余的溶剂;
将混合体系按照150℃,2h;180℃,2h;220℃,2h;260℃,2h;280℃,2h的固化工艺进行固化处理,得到改性酞腈树脂。
实施例8
本实例中的超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体是由实施例3制得的,将其与固化剂混合,制备得到改性酞腈树脂。具体方法如下:
将4g超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体和0.4g 4,4′-(1,4-苯二氧基)双苯胺固化剂溶于15mL丙酮中,混合均匀,然后除去多余的溶剂;然后将混合体系置于模具中,放入真空烘箱,除去残余的溶剂;
将混合体系按照150℃,2h;180℃,2h;220℃,2h;260℃,2h;280℃,2h的固化工艺进行固化处理,得到改性酞腈树脂。
综述之,较之现有的邻苯二甲腈单体,本申请所制备的新型单体,具有良好的溶解度。所得到的改性酞腈树脂具有耐高温、抗烧蚀的优点。
此外,本案发明人还参照前述实施例,以本说明书述及的其它原料、工艺操作、工艺条件进行了试验,并均获得了较为理想的结果。
应当理解,本申请的技术方案不限于上述具体实施案例的限制,凡是在不脱离本申请宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下,根据本申请的技术方案做出的技术变形,均落于本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体,其特征在于,所述酞腈单体具有如式(I)所示的结构:
    Figure PCTCN2022128579-appb-100001
    其中,R、R’、R”均独立地选自芳香结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体,其特征在于:所述芳香结构包括苯环和/或芳香醚。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体,其特征在于:所述酞腈单体具有如式(II)所示的结构:
    Figure PCTCN2022128579-appb-100002
  4. 如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体的制备方法,其特征在于包括:
    使包含硼源、苯酚类化合物与溶剂的第一混合反应体系发生反应,制得含有B-O结构的化合物;
    以及,使包含所述含有B-O结构的化合物、4-硝基邻苯二甲腈、催化剂与溶剂的第二混 合反应体系发生反应,制得所述超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于具体包括:将苯酚类化合物与第一溶剂混合,之后在保护性气氛下加入硼源形成所述第一混合反应体系,并于100~160℃反应3h,制得所述含有B-O结构的化合物。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于具体包括:将所述B-O结构的化合物与溶剂混合,再加入4-硝基邻苯二甲腈、催化剂形成所述第二混合反应体系,之后在保护性气氛中,并于30~80℃反应12~18h,制得所述超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述硼源包括硼酸和/或苯基硼酸;
    和/或,所述苯酚类化合物包括间苯二酚、间苯三酚、双酚-A、双酚-F或1,3,5-苯三酚中的任意一种或两种以上的组合;
    和/或,所述催化剂包括碱性催化剂;优选的,所述碱性催化剂包括碳酸钾;
    和/或,所述溶剂包括N-甲基吡咯烷酮。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述硼源与苯酚类化合物的摩尔比为10∶1~1∶10;
    和/或,所述B-O结构的化合物、4-硝基邻苯二甲腈与催化剂的摩尔比为1∶1~4∶1~4。
  9. 一种改性酞腈树脂的制备方法,其特征在于包括:
    提供权利要求1-3中任一项所述的超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体;
    以及,使所述酞腈单体与酞腈固化剂发生固化反应,制得改性酞腈树脂。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述酞腈固化剂包括有机胺类固化剂、酚类固化剂、强有机酸类固化剂、强有机酸/铵盐固化剂、金属盐类固化剂、金属固化剂中的任意一种或两种以上的组合。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述有机胺类固化剂包括4,4′-(1,4-苯二氧基)双苯胺固化剂、4,4′-双(4-氨基苯氧基)二苯基砜、4,4′-双(3-氨基苯氧基)二苯基砜、4,4′-二氨基二苯砜中的任意一种或两种以上的组合。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述酞腈单体与酞腈固化剂的质量比为100∶(1~30)。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于具体包括:使所述酞腈单体与酞腈固化剂混合并于150~600℃发生固化反应。
  14. 由权利要求9-13中任一项所述的方法制备的改性酞腈树脂。
  15. 权利要求1-3中任一项所述的超支化硼酸改性的酞腈单体或权利要求14所述的改性酞腈树脂于航空航天、舰船、微电子或机械制造领域中的用途。
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