CN111686125A - 卡拉胶在抗新型冠状病毒中的应用 - Google Patents
卡拉胶在抗新型冠状病毒中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了卡拉胶在抗新型冠状病毒中的应用，属于生物医学技术领域。本发明证实了卡拉胶在62.5μg/mL及以上浓度能够抑显著制SARS‑CoV‑2病毒感染机体细胞。卡拉胶可用于制备用于预防或治疗冠状病毒感染的药物，包括喷雾剂、气雾剂、粉雾剂、洗剂、软膏剂、搽剂、喷鼻剂等。卡拉胶还可用于制备防护冠状病毒感染的防护用品，包括：洗手液、口罩滤芯、空气过滤器滤芯等。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及卡拉胶在抗新型冠状病毒中的应用，属于生物医学技术领域。
背景技术
新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)，正式分类命名为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，SARS-CoV-2)，简称新冠病毒(novel coronavirus)。 人感染了冠状病毒后常见体征有呼吸道症状、发热、咳嗽、气促和呼吸困难等。在较严重病 例中，感染可导致肺炎、严重急性呼吸综合征、肾衰竭，甚至死亡。
新冠病毒通过皮肤黏膜进入体内后，通过病毒表面的刺突蛋白(简称S蛋白)，与细胞 上的血管紧张素转化酶酶2(简称ACE2)受体结合，然后细胞膜将对病毒进行吸附和内化， 病毒进入细胞质后脱壳，释放基因组。基因组被释放入细胞质以后，病毒的RNA会与宿主细 胞的核糖体结合，翻译出两组蛋白质，紧接着，蛋白质水解酶会把这两组蛋白质切开，生成 病毒继续组装、复制的酶和蛋白质。新生成的酶包括RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶(RdRp)，它的作用就是复制形成新的病毒RNA。新的病毒RNA将和水解酶产生的蛋白质结合，组装成 新的病毒，释放出原宿主细胞，继续感染其它细胞。
卡拉胶(Carrageenan)，也叫角叉菜胶、鹿角藻胶、爱尔兰苔菜胶。卡拉胶是一种硫酸 半乳聚糖，骨架结构由1,3-β-D-半乳糖和1,4-α-D-半乳糖交替连接形成的。根据半酯式硫酸 基在半乳糖上所连接的位置不同(即组成和结构的不同)卡拉胶可分为七种类型：κ-卡拉胶、 τ-卡拉胶、λ-卡拉胶、μ-卡拉胶、ν-卡拉胶、θ-卡拉胶、ξ-卡拉胶。其中工业主要生产 和使用的是前三种。
由于卡拉胶的功能特性，它在食品、日化等工业领域中被用作增稠剂、胶凝剂、悬浮剂、 乳化剂和稳定剂等。另外，还有研究发现卡拉胶具有多种生理活性包括抗凝血、降血脂、免 疫调节、抗胃溃疡、抗类风湿性关节炎等活性。
发明内容
[技术问题]
本发明要解决的技术问题是缺乏有效抑制新型冠状病毒的物质。
[技术方案]
本发明提供了卡拉胶在抗冠状病毒中的用途，所述冠状病毒包括新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2。所述的抗冠状病毒是指预防或治疗冠状病毒所致肺炎，包括阻止SARS-CoV-2病毒侵入机体细胞。卡拉胶的这种用途可用于制备用于预防或治疗冠状病毒感染的药物、食 品、日化产品。
所述卡拉胶为τ-卡拉胶。
本发明提供了卡拉胶在制备用于预防或治疗冠状病毒感染的药物中的用途，所述药物以 卡拉胶为抑制冠状病毒进入机体细胞的活性成分。
所述药物还包括药学上可以接受的辅料，包括：溶剂、抛射剂、增溶剂、助溶剂、乳化 剂、着色剂、黏合剂、崩解剂、填充剂、润滑剂、润湿剂、渗透压调节剂、稳定剂、助流剂、矫味剂、防腐剂、助悬剂、包衣材料、芳香剂、抗黏合剂、整合剂、渗透促进剂、pH值调节 剂、缓冲剂、增塑剂、表面活性剂、发泡剂、消泡剂、增稠剂、包合剂、保湿剂、吸收剂、 稀释剂、絮凝剂与反絮凝剂、助滤剂、释放阻滞剂等。
所述药物的剂型可以是：喷雾剂、气雾剂、粉雾剂、洗剂、软膏剂、搽剂、喷鼻剂、泡腾片、含漱剂、散剂、乳剂、混悬剂、溶液剂。
本发明提供了卡拉胶在制备用于防护冠状病毒感染的防护用品中的用途，所述的防护用 品包括：洗手液、漱口水、护手乳液、口罩滤芯、空气过滤器滤芯。
所述卡拉胶为τ-卡拉胶。
本发明提供了利用卡拉胶制备冠状病毒感染防护用品的方法，是在制备防护用品的过程 中加入卡拉胶。
本发明提供了一种用于预防冠状病毒感染的吸入剂的制备方法，在无菌环境中，分别用 8～50倍量的纯净水将30～50克氯化钠、70～120克枸橼酸、70～120克枸橼酸钠、0.5～2克苯扎 氯铵搅拌溶解；用500mL的纯净水将5～20克卡拉胶搅拌溶解；合并以上溶液后，用纯净水 稀释至5～20升，用0.5微米滤膜过滤后，罐装。
本发明提供了一种用于预防冠状病毒感染的口罩滤芯的制备方法，将1-3g的PVA、8-12 g的PET、40-60mg的盐酸赛洛唑啉、0.5-1.0mg的NaCl加入到100mL浓度为0.005-0.2g/mL 的卡拉胶水溶液中，80-95℃水浴搅拌20-40min；采用静电纺丝法将所得的粘稠的溶液在无 纺布上纺丝，制备卡拉胶膜，用做卡拉胶口罩滤芯；静电纺丝法的工作电压为10-20kV，静 电纺丝工作时间为1.5-4h，喷射距离为10-30cm。
本发明提供了一种用于预防冠状病毒感染的免洗洗手液的制备方法，免洗洗手液的配方 按照体积比计算是：75％乙醇45-60％，甘油1-3％，羟乙基纤维素4-8％，柠檬酸钠0.05-0.1％， 月桂酸二乙醇酰胺1-2％，维生素E 5-10％，柑橘油2-4％，余量为0.005-0.2g/mL的卡拉胶 水溶液。将羟乙基纤维素、柠檬酸钠溶于卡拉胶水溶液中，得到水溶部分；将甘油、月桂酸 二乙醇酰胺、维生素E、柑橘油溶于75％乙醇中，得到油溶部分；将水溶部分和油溶部分混 合搅拌至均匀，用1微米滤膜过滤后，罐装。
[有益效果]
本发明提供了卡拉胶的新用途，卡拉胶在62.5μg/mL及以上浓度能够抑显著制SARS-CoV-2病毒感染机体细胞。卡拉胶是常用的食品添加剂，外用和口服均对人体有益无害，而且价格便宜。因此，卡拉胶可制备吸入剂(喷鼻剂)，进入鼻腔、气管、肺部，防止 病毒的感染机体组织，用于预防和治疗新型冠状病毒；卡拉胶加入免洗洗手液配方，可增加 洗手液抗新型冠状病毒的效果，预防新型冠状病毒感染；用卡拉胶制成的口罩滤芯，可增加口罩防护新型冠状病毒感染的功效。
附图说明
图1将SARS-CoV-2病毒与不同浓度的卡拉胶混合处理后的细胞免疫荧光图。卡拉胶的 浓度为500、250、125、62.5、31.3、15.6、7.8μg/mL。阴性对照为不含τ-卡拉胶的空白培养 基。
具体实施方式
SARS-CoV-2真病毒来源：第二军医大学
实施例1τ-卡拉胶抗新冠病毒作用
将SARS-CoV-2真病毒和τ-卡拉胶用含有5％胎牛血清的DMEM培养基混匀，37摄氏度放置1小时，加入提前12小时接种Vero E6细胞的96孔板(加入以前吸除原细胞培养液)，培养24小时，然后用免疫荧光检测病毒蛋白，DAPI染色细胞核。采用免疫荧光显微镜观测了浓度分别为500、250、125、62.5、31.3、15.6、7.8μg/mL的卡拉胶对病毒的抑制作用，结 果如图1所示，在浓度范围62.5～500μg/mL浓度范围内，卡拉胶均能够显著抑制新冠病毒对细胞的感染。
实施例2卡拉胶喷鼻剂的制备方法
在无菌环境中，分别用10倍量的纯净水将40克氯化钠、100克枸橼酸、100克枸橼酸钠、 1克苯扎氯铵搅拌溶解。用500mL的纯净水将10克卡拉胶搅拌溶解。合并以上溶液后，用纯净水稀释至10升，用0.5微米滤膜过滤后，罐装。
实施例3卡拉胶口罩滤芯的制备方法
将2g的PVA、10g的PET、40mg的盐酸赛洛唑啉、0.5mg的NaCl加入到100mL浓 度为0.01g/mL的卡拉胶水溶液中，90℃水浴搅拌30min。采用静电纺丝法将所得的粘稠的 溶液在无纺布上纺丝，制备卡拉胶膜，用做卡拉胶口罩滤芯。工作电压为15kV，静电纺丝 工作时间为3h，喷射距离为25cm，得到卡拉胶口罩滤芯。
实施例4卡拉胶免洗洗手液的制备方法
配方：75％乙醇50％，甘油2％，羟乙基纤维素4％，柠檬酸钠0.05％，月桂酸二乙醇酰 胺1％，维生素E 8％，柑橘油2％，余量为0.005g/mL的卡拉胶水溶液。将羟乙基纤维素、柠檬酸钠溶于卡拉胶水溶液中，得到水溶部分；将甘油、月桂酸二乙醇酰胺、维生素E、柑 橘油溶于75％乙醇中，得到油溶部分；将水溶部分和油溶部分混合搅拌至均匀，用1微米滤 膜过滤后，罐装。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上，但其并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉此技术的人， 在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可做各种的改动与修饰，因此本发明的保护范围应该以 权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (10)
1.卡拉胶在制备用于治疗或预防冠状病毒感染的药物或日化用品中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述冠状病毒包括新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述治疗或预防冠状病毒感染，包括卡拉胶阻止SARS-CoV-2病毒侵入机体细胞。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述药物还包括药学上可以接受的辅料。
5.根据权利要求1或5所述的应用，其特征在于，所述药物的剂型包括：喷雾剂、气雾剂、粉雾剂、洗剂、软膏剂、搽剂、喷鼻剂、泡腾片、含漱剂、散剂、乳剂、混悬剂、溶液剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的日化用品包括：洗手液、口罩滤芯、漱口水、护手乳液。
7.用于治疗或预防冠状病毒感染的药物或喷鼻剂或洗手液或口罩滤芯或漱口水或护手乳液，其特征在于，以卡拉胶为抑制冠状病毒进入机体细胞的活性成分。
8.一种用于预防冠状病毒感染的吸入剂，其特征在于，在无菌环境中，分别用8～50倍量的纯净水将30～50克氯化钠、70～120克枸橼酸、70～120克枸橼酸钠、0.5～2克苯扎氯铵搅拌溶解；用500mL的纯净水将5～20克卡拉胶搅拌溶解；合并以上溶液后，用纯净水稀释至5～20升，用0.5微米滤膜过滤后，罐装。
9.一种用于预防冠状病毒感染的口罩滤芯，其特征在于，将1-3g的PVA、8-12g的PET、40-60mg的盐酸赛洛唑啉、0.5-1.0mg的NaCl加入到100mL浓度为0.005-0.2g/mL的卡拉胶水溶液中，80-95℃水浴搅拌20-40min；采用静电纺丝法将所得的粘稠的溶液在无纺布上纺丝，制备卡拉胶膜，用做卡拉胶口罩滤芯；静电纺丝法的工作电压为10-20kV，静电纺丝工作时间为1.5-4h，喷射距离为10-30cm。
10.一种用于预防冠状病毒感染的免洗洗手液，其特征在于，配方为：75％乙醇45-60％，甘油1-3％，羟乙基纤维素4-8％，柠檬酸钠0.05-0.1％，月桂酸二乙醇酰胺1-2％，维生素E5-10％，柑橘油2-4％，余量为0.005-0.2g/mL的卡拉胶水溶液。
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