CN111685033B

CN111685033B - Three-dimensional kelp and laver culture device and culture method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111685033B
Application number: CN202010634462.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 詹冬梅; 刘玮; 吕芳; 丁刚; 吴海一; 唐柳青
Original assignee: Shandong Marine Biology Institute
Current assignee: Shandong Marine Biology Institute
Priority date: 2020-07-02
Filing date: 2020-07-02
Publication date: 2022-03-29
Anticipated expiration: 2040-07-02
Also published as: CN111685033A

Abstract

The invention provides a three-dimensional kelp and laver culture device and a culture method thereof. The invention comprises a kelp raft frame and a laver net; the kelp raft frames are provided with floating ropes, kelp seedling ropes are arranged between the floating ropes, and the kelp seedling ropes are positioned at the bottoms of the floating ropes; the laver net is arranged between the floating ropes and positioned above the kelp seedling rope, the surrounding ropes are arranged on the circumference of the laver net, the two ends of the short edge of each surrounding rope are detachably connected with the floating ropes respectively, the long edge of each surrounding rope is also provided with a snap ring, and the floating ropes are provided with buckles matched with the snap rings; the invention also provides a method for carrying out three-dimensional cultivation of kelp and laver in the cultivation device. The kelp provided by the invention realizes three-dimensional cultivation of kelp and laver on the lower laver without the need of floating bamboo poles and large cylinders, avoids accumulation of floating Sargassum horneri, has the advantages of high laver growth speed, good quality, high yield, vigorous kelp growth, effective utilization of resources, avoidance of seawater environment pollution caused by splashing dilute hydrochloric acid on the sea surface, simple structure, convenient management and good economic benefit.

Description

Three-dimensional kelp and laver culture device and culture method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of seaweed cultivation, in particular to a three-dimensional cultivation device and a cultivation method for kelp and laver.

Background

At present, the species of economic seaweed cultivation in Shandong province mainly comprise kelp, undaria pinnatifida, asparagus and laver. The kelp is used as a main variety of cultivated seaweed in Shandong province, the total yield can reach 53.3 million tons, the kelp accounts for 82.5 percent of the total seaweed cultivation amount in the Shandong province, and the kelp cultivation area in the Shandong province is 18397 hectare; however, the cultivation area of the laver in Shandong province is relatively low, and is only 2978 hectare.

The kelp is a vegetable with high nutritive value, has certain medicinal value, is a large-scale marine brown algae plant growing in low-temperature seawater, and can absorb nutritive salts such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the sea in the growth process of the kelp, so that the sea environment is purified and improved. In the prior art, in the sea area for culturing the kelp in the northern yellow sea area, although the water quality and the water flow conditions in the sea area are good, the sea area is suitable for the growth of the kelp; however, the existing kelp culture method has the disadvantages of low economic benefit, continuous reduction of culture area and increased ecological pressure of sea area caused by expansion of shellfish culture area.

The porphyra yezoensis is seaweed with high economic value, 6-10 yuan per kilogram of fresh vegetables, high mechanization degree of porphyra yezoensis cultivation and mature market. The cultivation scale of porphyra yezoensis in Shandong province is about 1300 hectares, mainly in sunshine areas; in recent years, in non-kelp culture areas such as Weihai tobacco plants and the like, porphyra yezoensis is cultured, and about 1000 hectare sea areas are developed; however, the cultivation of Porphyra yezoensis is difficult to be carried out on an industrial scale at present. In addition, the harvest mode of the porphyra yezoensis adopts a harvest ship to harvest, and the cutting force of the blades on the harvester is depended on, and meanwhile, the pulling force of the rotation of the blades causes a plurality of porphyra yezoensis to be pulled out along with roots, so that the density of the subsequent porphyra yezoensis is thinner and thinner, space is provided for the growth of the mixed algae, and the yield and the quality of the porphyra yezoensis are reduced; in the later growth stage of porphyra yezoensis, when a large amount of mixed algae such as green algae are propagated, and in the culture process, in order to kill the green algae, dilute hydrochloric acid with a certain concentration is adopted to splash a net curtain, so that relatively large environmental pollution is caused in a sea area. Secondly, the proper growth temperature of the porphyra yezoensis is 8-10 ℃, the water temperature of the seawater in the North yellow sea is below 5 ℃ in 1-2 months, and the porphyra yezoensis is not suitable for growth. In the prior art, when porphyra yezoensis is cultured, porphyra yezoensis in 1-2 months is still placed on the sea, so that the attachment of diatom and green algae is increased, and the growth of porphyra yezoensis is greatly influenced. Although the month is 3-4, the porphyra yezoensis can also enter the growth of a new round as the water temperature rises; however, at this time, diatoms and green algae increase, the quality decreases, and the price also decreases significantly. Furthermore, in the culture sea area of the northern yellow sea area, although the water quality and water flow conditions of the sea area are good and the sea area is suitable for the growth of porphyra yezoensis, due to the ocean circulation and the monsoon condition, floating sargassum horneri is gathered and grown in a large amount in the sea area of the north yellow sea area and is accumulated on bamboo poles and large cylindrical floaters for culturing the porphyra yezoensis, the growth and harvesting of the porphyra yezoensis are seriously influenced, and the method for culturing the porphyra yezoensis is basically not applicable to the sea area where the sargassum horneri is gathered.

In the prior art, the single-type seaweed cultivation method has the problems of resource waste and low benefit, and the single-type seaweed cultivation method is not beneficial to the lasting development of the whole industry and the improvement of the risk resistance of the industry. With the development of marine ecological civilization construction work in China, the related problems caused by the cultivation of single algae are increasingly revealed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional kelp and laver culture device and a culture method thereof, aiming at solving the problems that laver and kelp can not be cultured together, the overall benefit is low and the quality of the laver is reduced at the later stage in the prior art; in order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:

in one aspect, the stereoscopic kelp and laver culturing device comprises two kelp raft frames and a laver net, wherein the two kelp raft frames are arranged in parallel, two parallel floating ropes are arranged between the two kelp raft frames, and a plurality of kelp seedling ropes for culturing kelp are arranged between the two floating ropes and are arranged at the bottoms of the floating ropes; the laver net is arranged between the two floating ropes and is positioned above the kelp seedling rope, a surrounding rope is arranged on the laver net in the circumferential direction and comprises two long side ropes and two short side ropes, the two ends of each short side rope are respectively detachably connected with the floating ropes, a plurality of clamping rings are further arranged on the long side ropes, clamping buckles matched with the clamping rings are arranged on the floating ropes, and the floating ropes on the long side ropes and the corresponding sides of the long side ropes are detachably connected with the clamping buckles through the clamping rings.

The device is characterized in that a seaweed cultivation frame is added on the original seaweed cultivation frame, so that the device capable of realizing three-dimensional cultivation of the seaweed and the seaweed is obtained, the conventional seaweed cultivation frame is fully utilized, a seaweed net is detachably connected between two floating ropes, a seaweed seedling rope is arranged below the seaweed net, and the seaweed net is arranged above the seaweed net; a buckle is added on the floating boom of the kelp culture frame, the long-side rope of the laver net is usually tied on the floating boom, the short-side rope of the laver net is provided with a snap ring, and the snap ring is connected with the buckle in a clamping manner; the three-dimensional kelp and laver culturing device is simple in structure and convenient to use, the laver net can be easily detached from the floating boom and also can be easily connected to the floating boom, and the three-dimensional kelp and laver culturing device is economical and practical.

As a preferred embodiment, the snap ring comprises a sleeve and a string arranged inside the sleeve, and two ends of the string are fixedly connected to bend the sleeve into a ring shape; the buckle is including detaining the body, the one end of detaining the body is the stiff end, the stiff end is equipped with the joint groove, the other end of detaining the body is the expansion end, the expansion end card can be gone into the joint groove makes it closes to detain the body, the expansion end still can be followed break away from the messenger in the joint groove detain the body and open.

In the invention, the sleeve is a hose, the string can be a binding string, one end of the string penetrates into the hose and extends out of the other end of the hose, the two ends of the string are tied together, and the hose is bent into a ring through the string; the snap ring with the structure is simple in structure, good in aging resistance effect, convenient to use, long in service life, economical and practical. The buckle is equivalent to a pin, the movable end can be opened or closed, when the movable end is opened, the clamping ring can enter and exit the buckle, and when the movable end is closed, the clamping ring is sealed in the buckle; the buckle has the advantages of simple structure, firm connection, light weight and convenient use. The cooperation of the buckle and the snap ring facilitates the taking and hanging of the net and saves labor.

As a preferred embodiment, the button body is further connected with a fixing ring, the button body is fixedly connected with the fixing ring in the axial direction of the positioning pin through the positioning pin, and the fixing ring is rotatably connected with the positioning pin and the button body is rotatably connected with the positioning pin in the radial direction of the positioning pin. According to the buckle, the top of the buckle body is also connected with the fixing ring, the fixing ring is usually a titanium alloy ring, the fixing ring is used for fixing the buckle on the floating boom, and meanwhile, the buckle body and the fixing ring can rotate, so that the buckle is prevented from being twisted and knotted when being connected with the buckle, and the using performance of the buckle is improved.

In a preferred embodiment, the cannula is a plastic tube, the cannula having a diameter of 1.0-1.5 cm. The sleeve is a plastic pipe which is convenient to bend into a ring and is usually a PVC pipe; the string is threaded inside the casing, the diameter of the string is slightly smaller than that of the casing, usually, the diameter of the string is 0.8-1.3cm, and two ends of the string are tied together by knotting to be fixedly connected.

As a preferred embodiment, the distance between two adjacent snap rings on the same long-side rope is 1.0-1.2 m; preferably, the snap ring is fixedly connected with the long-side rope through a rope, and the buckle is fixedly connected with the floating rope through a rope. In the invention, two long side ropes of the laver net are provided with a snap ring every 1.0-1.2m, and the snap rings are uniformly arranged, so that the two sides of the laver net are uniformly stressed, the gravity of the laver net is fully balanced, and the laver net is kept balanced; under the normal condition, the clamping ring is fixed on the long side rope of the laver net through a rope, and the buckle is also fixedly connected with the floating rope through the rope, so that the connection is simple and the use is convenient.

As a preferred embodiment, the laver net is a square grid net, the laver net is a net woven by polyester silk yarns, and preferably, the size of the mesh holes in the laver net is 25-30cm × 25-30 cm; preferably, the laver net has a length of 10-12m and a width of 1-2m, and the girth rope has a diameter of 1.0-1.5 cm. The laver net is a net woven by high-strength polyester silk yarns with good draining performance and light weight, the surrounding ropes are arranged on the periphery of the laver net and are usually made of polyethylene materials, the tensile strength of the surrounding ropes is increased, the tensile force of the surrounding ropes and the tensile force of the snap rings are reduced, and the laver net is few in sundry algae, good in draining performance, light in weight, convenient to hang and take, good in using performance, firm in structure and long in service life.

As a preferable embodiment, the diameter of the kelp seedling rope is 2-3m, the number of the kelp seedling ropes is 75-80, and the distance between two adjacent kelp seedling ropes is 1.0-1.5 m. According to the invention, the number of kelp seedling ropes on the raft frame is reduced, the distance between the kelp seedling ropes is increased, and the kelp seedling ropes arranged in the raft frame can fully ensure the normal growth of kelp.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method for three-dimensional cultivation of kelp and laver, comprising the following steps: 1) collecting seedling in advance, culturing seed vegetable of laver through fruit spore and germination period, filamentous algae filament period, expanded algae filament period, double spore period and conchospore period, heating seawater at the conchospore period to make the seawater temperature be 24-28 deg.C, promoting the conchospore to mature in advance, and collecting seedling in late 9 months; 2) planting laver the laver seedling of laver collected in step 1) is planted on the laver net by using the three-dimensional cultivation device of kelp and laver according to any one of claims 1 to 7; 3) in the laver management process, if a small amount of diatoms and green algae appear on a laver net, proper net drying is needed; culturing thallus Porphyrae for 15-20 days, taking out thallus Porphyrae net when young seedling can be seen by naked eye, and sun-drying the net once at bank; when the laver net is completely planted, if green algae still exist, the laver net is taken back, and the net is dried on the bank for one time; 4) harvesting the laver, culturing for 50-60 days, harvesting the laver in the first harvest in the last ten days of 11 months, taking down the laver net, returning to the bank, airing the laver net, harvesting the first laver seedling, and leaving 3-5cm of laver roots on the laver net; 5) after the seaweed net is taken down in the step 4), clamping the seaweed seedlings on the seaweed seedling ropes by utilizing the neutral time, wherein 20-25 seedlings are clamped on each seaweed seedling rope, the distance between every two seedlings is 10-12cm, and the water layer for hanging the seaweed seedling ropes is 50-80 cm; then, hanging the laver net after the first harvest on two floating ropes again, wherein the kelp seedling rope is arranged below the laver net, and the laver net is arranged above the laver net to form a three-dimensional cultivation mode; 6) culturing and managing for 11-12 months, and harvesting 3-5 laver crops; in 1 month last ten days of the next year, the laver net is completely withdrawn, the laver culture is ended, and the kelp seedling rope is lifted to a water layer of 30-35 cm; in 3 months of the next year, monkshood is added in the middle of the kelp seedling rope, so that the suspension water layer of the kelp seedling rope is kept at 30-35 cm; by 4-7 months of the next year, the kelp is harvested in batches and ashore.

The invention realizes a three-dimensional cultivation method of kelp and laver with the kelp on top under the kelp, the kelp is arranged on the lower layer of the three-dimensional cultivation device through a kelp seedling rope, the laver is arranged on the upper layer of the three-dimensional cultivation device through a laver net, the whole three-dimensional cultivation device is supported by a floating boom and a raft frame, floating bamboo poles and large cylinders are not needed, accumulation of floating Sargassum is avoided, the laver growth speed is high, and the laver is harvested by taking down the laver net, so that the laver is harvested back to the shore, the harvesting is convenient, the laver quality is good, and the yield is high; in addition, the kelp grows vigorously, resources are effectively utilized, the sea water environmental pollution caused by splashing of dilute hydrochloric acid on the sea surface is avoided by airing the laver back to the shore, the three-dimensional kelp and laver culture method is convenient to manage and good in economic benefit, the yield of a single-crop laver per mu is 200 kilograms, three-crop laver can be harvested by 600 kilograms, the yield value of each mu of three-dimensional culture sea area can be increased to be more than 6000 yuan, the durability development of the seaweed culture industry is facilitated, and the risk resistance of the whole seaweed culture industry is improved.

In the process of three-dimensional cultivation of the kelp and the laver, the weight of the kelp on the kelp seedling rope is rapidly increased after the laver is harvested, so that the kelp water layer at the middle end of the kelp seedling rope is too low; therefore, the aconite is tied in the middle of the kelp seedling rope to lift the kelp growth water layer, so that the suspension water layer of the kelp seedling rope is kept at 30-35 cm. In the invention, the kelp seedling rope suspension water layer refers to the distance from the kelp seedling rope to the sea level when the kelp seedling rope is suspended.

In a preferred embodiment, in the step 4) and the step 6), the laver net after harvesting is placed in a 1-3% citric acid seawater solution for soaking for 30-60 min; preferably, in the step 4) and the step 6), the laver net after being soaked in the citric acid seawater solution is sprayed with seawater added with nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, and the content of nitrogen element in the seawater is 100 μmol/L and the content of phosphorus element in the seawater is 10 μmol/L. According to the invention, the laver net harvested each time is soaked in the citric acid seawater solution, so that the invasion of the mixed algae is effectively prevented, the healthy growth of the laver is promoted, and meanwhile, the seawater environment is not polluted; the method for soaking and fertilizing the laver in the bank-returning way further avoids seawater environmental pollution caused by directly applying the fertilizer on the sea surface. The laver of the invention is to take the laver net down to transport to the bank and reap, while reaping, use the more flexible and economic electronic scissors, easy to operate, save the expenses.

As a preferred embodiment, in the step 5), a falling stone is hung on the kelp seedling rope, preferably, the weight of the falling stone is 150 g; preferably, in the step 3), the net is placed on a flat land or hung up for drying when being dried. When a small amount of diatoms and green algae appear on the laver net, proper net drying is needed; when the length of the net curtain whole seedling, namely the laver seedling, is 1-3cm, if green algae still exist, the laver is taken back to be sunned once; when the net is dried, the net is separated, put on a land and flat ground or hung up for drying, the basic principle is to completely dry the net, but the moisture content of the laver is not lower than 20 percent and the laver plantlets cannot be dried to death.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the existing kelp culture frame is fully utilized, the laver net is detachably connected between the two floating ropes, the kelp seedling rope is arranged below the floating ropes, and the laver net is arranged above the floating ropes; a buckle is added on the floating boom of the kelp culture frame, a snap ring is arranged on the long-side rope of the laver net and is in clamping connection with the buckle, and the short-side rope of the laver net is also detachably connected with the floating boom, so that the three-dimensional culture device capable of realizing three-dimensional culture of kelp and laver is obtained; the laver net of the three-dimensional culture device can be easily detached from the floating boom and also can be easily connected to the floating boom, so that the laver can be harvested in a revetment manner, and the laver can be conveniently harvested; the laver is dried in the air after going to the bank, so that the seawater environment pollution caused by splashing dilute hydrochloric acid on the sea surface is avoided; the laver growth device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use, no need of floating bamboo poles and large cylinders, avoidance of floating Sargassum horneri accumulation, high laver growth speed, good quality and high yield; in addition, the kelp grows vigorously, resources are effectively utilized, the kelp and laver three-dimensional cultivation method is convenient to manage and good in economic benefit, on the premise that the cultivation area and yield of the kelp are stable, the yield of each unit crop of laver per mu is 200 kilograms, three crops of laver can be harvested by 600 kilograms, the yield value of each mu of three-dimensional cultivation sea area can be increased to be more than 6000 yuan, the method is favorable for the sustainable development of the seaweed cultivation industry, and the risk resistance of the whole seaweed cultivation industry is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the laver net in FIG. 1;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the rafts, the floating ropes and the kelp seedling rope in fig. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a connection structure of the buckle and the snap ring in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the structure of the buckle shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the structure at A in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the structure of the snap ring of FIG. 1;

in the figure: 10-raft frame; 20-boom; 21-buckling; 22-a boom cord; 23-a fixed ring; 24-a locating pin; 25-fixed end; 26-a movable end; 27-a clamping groove; 30-laver net; 31-a snap ring; 32-long side ropes; 33-short side ropes; 34-mesh; 35-net string; 36-a cannula; 37-string; 38-bowknot; 40-kelp seedling rope.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example one

Referring to the attached drawings 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, the invention provides a three-dimensional kelp and laver culture device, the three-dimensional kelp and laver culturing device is a device for simultaneously co-culturing kelp and laver, realizes the three-dimensional culturing of the kelp and the laver, the three-dimensional kelp and laver culturing device comprises a kelp raft frame 10 and a laver net 30, wherein the kelp raft frame 10 is divided into two parts which are arranged in parallel, in the attached figure 1, two kelp raft frames 10 are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side, two parallel floating ropes 20 are arranged between the two kelp raft frames 10, the floating ropes 20 and the kelp raft frames 10 are generally vertically arranged, the two floating ropes 20 are respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side, a plurality of kelp seedling ropes 40 for culturing kelp are arranged between the two floating ropes 20, and the kelp seedling ropes 40 are arranged at the bottoms of the floating ropes 20; the laver net 30 is arranged between the two floating ropes 20 and above the kelp seedling ropes 40, the laver net 30 forms a first plane, a plurality of kelp seedling ropes 40 form a second plane, the first plane is above the floating ropes, the second plane is below the floating ropes, the circumferential direction of the laver net 30 is provided with a boom which comprises two long side ropes 32 and two short side ropes 33, two ends of the short side ropes 33 are respectively detachably connected with the floating ropes 20, generally, two ends of the short side ropes 33 are respectively tied on the floating ropes 20, so that the laver net 30 is fixed on the floating ropes 20, the long side ropes 32 are further provided with a plurality of snap rings 31, the floating ropes 20 are provided with snap buckles 21 matched with the snap rings 31, and the long side ropes 32 are detachably connected with the floating ropes 20 on the corresponding sides through the snap rings 31.

According to the invention, the seaweed culture frame consisting of the seaweed net 30 is added on the basis of the original seaweed culture frame consisting of the seaweed raft frame 10, the floating ropes 20 and the seaweed seedling rope 40, so that the device capable of realizing three-dimensional culture of seaweed and seaweed is obtained, the conventional seaweed culture frame is fully utilized, the seaweed net 30 is detachably connected between the two floating ropes 20, the seaweed seedling rope 40 is arranged below, and the seaweed net 30 is arranged above; a buckle 21 is added on the floating rope 20 of the kelp culture rack, the long-side rope 32 of the laver net 30 is usually tied on the floating rope, a snap ring 31 is arranged on the short-side rope 33 of the laver net 30, and the snap ring 31 is connected with the buckle 21 in a clamping manner; the three-dimensional kelp and laver culturing device is simple in structure and convenient to use, and the laver net 30 can be easily detached from the floating boom 20 and also can be easily connected to the floating boom 20, so that the device is economical and practical.

Referring to the attached drawings 1 and 2, as a preferred embodiment, the laver net 30 is a square grid net, the laver net 30 is a net woven by polyester silk ropes, and the laver net 30 formed by the net woven by the high-strength polyester silk ropes with good draining performance and light weight has good draining performance, less miscellaneous algae, light weight, convenient hanging and taking, good use performance, firm structure and long service life; the enclosing rope arranged around the laver net 30 is usually made of polyethylene material, and the enclosing rope increases tensile force and reduces the tensile force between the enclosing rope and the snap ring 21. Furthermore, the mesh 34 in the laver net 30 has a size of 25-30cm × 25-30cm, and the mesh 34 of this size enables the laver on the laver net 30 to be firmly attached and has good usability. In general, the laver net 30 has a length of 10 to 12m, a width of 1 to 2m, and a diameter of a rope of 1.0 to 1.5 cm. The laver net 30 of this specification is convenient to hang and take, convenient to use, firm in structure and long in service life. Preferably, the distance between two adjacent snap rings 31 on the same long-side rope 32 is 1.0-1.2 m; the two long side ropes 32 of the laver net 30 are provided with the snap rings 31 at intervals of 1.0-1.2m, and the snap rings 31 are uniformly arranged, so that the two sides of the laver net 30 are uniformly stressed, the gravity of the laver net 30 is fully balanced, and the laver net 30 keeps balanced. Specifically, the snap ring 31 is fixedly connected with the long-side rope 32 through a rope, i.e., a mesh rope 35, and the buckle 21 is also fixedly connected with the floating rope 20 through a rope, i.e., a floating rope 22; the snap ring 31 is easily fixed on the long-side rope 32 of the laver net 30 by the net rope 35, and the clip 31 is easily fixed on the floating rope 20 by the floating rope 22, so that the snap ring 31 and the clip 21 are prevented from being lost, the snap ring 31 and the clip 21 are prevented from being crossed and difficult to open, and the use convenience is improved.

Referring to fig. 1 and 3, as a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the kelp seedling string 40 is 2 to 3m, the number of the kelp seedling strings 40 is 75 to 80, and the distance between two adjacent kelp seedling strings 40 is 1.0 to 1.5 m. The kelp raft frame 10 provided by the invention has the advantages that the number of the kelp seedling ropes 40 is slightly less, the space between the kelp seedling ropes 40 is slightly larger, the arranged kelp seedling ropes 40 can fully ensure the normal growth of kelp, meanwhile, the culture area and the yield of kelp are not influenced, the co-culture of kelp and laver is realized, and double benefits are achieved.

Referring to fig. 1, 4, 5 and 6, in some preferred embodiments, the buckle 31 includes a buckle body 28, one end of the buckle body 28 is a fixed end 25, the fixed end 25 is provided with a buckle slot 27, the other end of the buckle body 28 is a movable end 26, the movable end 26 can be clamped into the buckle slot 27 to close the buckle body 28, and the movable end 26 can be separated from the buckle slot 27 to open the buckle body 28. The buckle 28 of the invention is equivalent to a pin, the movable end 26 can be opened or closed, when the movable end 26 is opened, the clamping ring 21 can enter/exit the buckle 31, when the movable end 26 is closed, the clamping ring 21 is sealed in the buckle 31; the buckle has the advantages of simple structure, firm connection, light weight and convenient use. Further, the buckle body 28 is further connected with a fixing ring 23, the buckle body 28 is fixedly connected with the fixing ring 23 in the axial direction of the positioning pin 24 through the positioning pin 24, the fixing ring 23 is rotatably connected with the positioning pin 24 and the buckle body 28 is rotatably connected with the positioning pin 24 in the radial direction of the positioning pin 24, namely, the buckle body 28 and the fixing ring 23 are fixed in the vertical direction, and the buckle body 28 and the fixing ring 23 can rotate around the positioning pin 24 in the horizontal direction; the buckle body 28 and the fixing ring 23 are generally made of a titanium alloy material, the fixing ring 23 is used for fixing the buckle 31 to the floating boom 20, and meanwhile, the buckle body 28 and the fixing ring 23 can both rotate, so that the net can be conveniently taken and hung, the labor force is saved, the buckle 21 and the buckle 31 are prevented from being twisted and knotted when being connected, and the use performance of the buckle 31 is improved.

Referring to fig. 1 and 7, in some preferred embodiments, the snap ring 31 includes a sleeve 36 and a string 37 disposed inside the sleeve 36, and both ends of the string 37 are fixedly connected to bend the sleeve 36 into a ring shape. In the present invention, the sleeve 36 is a hose, the string 37 can be a tying string, one end of the string 37 is inserted into the hose and extends out from the other end of the hose, the two ends of the string 37 are tied together to form a bow-tie 38, and the hose is bent into a ring through the string 37; the snap ring 31 with the arrangement has the advantages of simple structure, good aging resistance effect, convenient use, long service life, economy and practicality. Preferably, the cannula 36 is a plastic tube, the cannula 36 having a diameter of 1.0-1.5 cm; such plastic pipes, which are usually PVC pipes, are easy to bend into a loop; the string 37 is threaded inside the sleeve 36, the diameter of the string 37 is slightly smaller than that of the sleeve 36, normally, the diameter of the string 37 is 0.8-1.3cm, and the two ends of the string 37 are tied together by tying a bow-tie 38 to make them fixedly connected.

Example two

The invention relates to a three-dimensional kelp and laver cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:

1) collecting seedlings in advance

At present, the main culture area of the porphyra yezoensis is in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and the time for starting the sea-going of the porphyra yezoensis seedling net is 10 months; in late 9 months, the water temperature is reduced and stably kept below 23 ℃, and at the moment, seedlings are suitable for coming to sea and collected about 10-15 days earlier than Jiangsu and Zhejiang;

the method for collecting seedlings in advance comprises the following steps: the time from picking fruit spores to planting vegetables on the shells is the same as that in the south, the fruit spores grow to be protonema from 5 months, the algal filaments on the shells gradually expand after the fruit spores are subjected to high temperature in 8 months, and the sporozoites begin to form; in order to collect seedlings in advance, solar energy is utilized to heat seawater in the north, the water temperature is kept between 24 ℃ and 28 ℃, the shell spores are promoted to mature in advance, and meanwhile, the laver spores are prevented from being lost due to temperature reduction in early autumn and night, so that the seedlings can be collected 10 days to 15 days in advance compared with the traditional mode.

2) Laver planting

Adding a lifting rope, namely a floating rope, to the boom rope of the three-dimensional laver culture zone every 1 meter by using the original kelp raft frame and boom rope and the floating on the original boom rope, and binding the other end of the lifting rope to form a buckle; the laver net is taken down in advance, the planting of the laver is finished on the bank, and then the laver net is hung; when the laver net is hung, the snap ring on the laver net is firstly connected with the buckle on the floating boom; when in operation, the movable end on the buckle body is pressed, so that the movable end is separated from the clamping groove of the fixed end and is far away from the fixed end, and the clamping ring is hung in the buckle body; then, the movable end enters the clamping groove of the fixed end again, so that the movable end and the fixed end are clamped and connected; then tying ropes at four corners of the laver net, namely tying two ends of the short edge rope of the laver net to the floating ropes respectively, and adjusting the length of the short edge rope to enable the laver net to be stretched and tightened.

3) Laver management

During the laver cultivation process, if a small amount of diatoms and green algae appear on the net curtain of the laver net, proper net drying is needed; generally 15-20 days, when seedlings are just seen by naked eyes, the seedlings are taken back to the bank and dried once; taking back the whole seedling of the net curtain, namely the laver seedling with the length of 1-3cm, and airing the seedling once on the shore if the green algae still exist; when the net is dried, the net is separated, placed on a land or hung up to be dried, the basic principle is to completely dry the net, but care should be taken not to excessively dry the net, and the seedlings are dried to death.

4) Laver harvesting

The laver is harvested in the last 9 th month, and is cultivated for 50-60 days, in the last 11 th month, the laver is harvested for the first time, a laver net is taken down, the movable end on the buckle body is pressed during operation, the movable end is separated from the clamping groove of the fixed end and is far away from the fixed end, and the clamp ring is taken out of the buckle body; then, untying binding ropes at four corners of the laver net, namely untying two ends of the short side rope of the laver net from the floating boom respectively, and taking down the whole laver net from the floating boom to be transported to the bank;

the fetched laver net is firstly aired, then, a first batch of laver seedlings are cut and harvested by electric scissors, and 3-5cm laver roots are reserved for the growth of the next batch of laver; the water content of the harvested laver is low, so that the laver can be dried into a dry product more conveniently in the next step or the laver can be immediately processed into standard laver sheets;

in the three-dimensional culture process, the laver net harvested each time needs to be put into 1-3% of citric acid seawater solution for soaking for 30-60min, so that the mixed algae can be effectively prevented; then, seawater added with nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer is sprayed on the laver net, the content of nitrogen element in the seawater is 100 mu mol/L, and the content of phosphorus element in the seawater is 10 mu mol/L, so as to supplement the fertilizer, and the laver grows healthily and robustly.

5) Kelp seedling

After the laver net is taken down in the step 4), kelp seedling clipping is carried out on the kelp seedling rope by utilizing the floating boom in the neutral time, the kelp seedling clipping duration is longer from ten days to 12 months of 10 months in the conventional kelp seedling clipping cultivation, the kelp seedling rope is firstly hung by utilizing the characteristic that the seedling clipping period of 11 to 12 months of kelp is completely overlapped with the period of first harvesting ashore of laver, a falling stone is tied in the middle of the kelp seedling rope, the weight of the falling stone is 150g, 20 to 25 seedlings are clipped on each kelp seedling rope, the inter-plant distance is 10 to 12cm, and the seedling rope suspension water layer is 50 to 80 cm; and then, hanging the laver net after the first harvest on two floating ropes again, wherein the kelp seedling rope is arranged below the laver net, and the laver net is arranged above the laver net to form a three-dimensional cultivation mode.

6) Breeding management

Harvesting 3 crops of laver in 11-12 months; in 1 month last ten days of the next year, the laver net is completely withdrawn, and the laver culture is finished; the kelp culture does not like strong light in the initial stage, and the initial water-hanging layer is about 50-80 cm; after the upper layer laver net is collected at the beginning of 1 month, the average length of the kelp is 1m, the average width of the kelp is 15cm, and at the moment, the kelp seedling rope is lifted to the water layer of 30-35 cm; in 3 months of the next year, the kelp gradually enters the thick-growing stage, and a floater is bound in the middle of the kelp seedling rope to lift a kelp growth water layer, so that the kelp seedling rope hangs the water layer to be kept at 30-35 cm; by 4-7 months of the next year, the kelp is harvested in batches and ashore.

Comparing the three-dimensional kelp and laver culture method of the second embodiment of the invention with the conventional single kelp culture method and the conventional single laver culture method, the growth rate, yield and quality of kelp and laver in the same culture area are calculated, and the results are shown in table 1.

As can be seen from Table 1, in the three-dimensional cultivation method of kelp and laver, the seedling picking time of the laver is 10-15 days earlier than that in the traditional laver cultivation method, and the growth time of the laver is 90-100 days; therefore, the laver growth speed and the harvesting speed are high. In the three-dimensional kelp and laver culture method, 3 laver crops are harvested, the per mu yield of a single laver crop is 200Kg, and 600Kg can be harvested in three laver crops; in the three-dimensional kelp and laver culture method, the laver has good quality, less miscellaneous algae, healthy color, high selling price and good economic benefit, and the output value of each mu of three-dimensional culture sea area can be increased to more than 6000 yuan; meanwhile, in the three-dimensional kelp and laver cultivation method, the planting time and the growth speed of the kelp are smaller than those of the kelp in the traditional single kelp cultivation method, and the yield and the quality of the kelp are close to those of the kelp in the traditional single kelp cultivation method.

TABLE 1 statistical table of the results of the kelp and laver obtained by different cultivation methods

Therefore, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the existing kelp culture frame is fully utilized, the laver net is detachably connected between the two floating ropes, the kelp seedling rope is arranged below the floating ropes, and the laver net is arranged above the floating ropes; a buckle is added on the floating boom of the kelp culture frame, a snap ring is arranged on the long-side rope of the laver net and is in clamping connection with the buckle, and the short-side rope of the laver net is also detachably connected with the floating boom, so that the three-dimensional culture device capable of realizing three-dimensional culture of kelp and laver is obtained; the laver net of the three-dimensional culture device can be easily detached from the floating boom and also can be easily connected to the floating boom, so that the laver can be harvested in a revetment manner, and the laver can be conveniently harvested; the laver is dried in the air after going to the bank, so that the seawater environment pollution caused by splashing dilute hydrochloric acid on the sea surface is avoided; the laver growth device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use, no need of floating bamboo poles and large cylinders, avoidance of floating Sargassum horneri accumulation, high laver growth speed, good quality and high yield; in addition, the kelp grows vigorously, resources are effectively utilized, the kelp and laver three-dimensional cultivation method is convenient to manage and good in economic benefit, on the premise that the cultivation area and yield of the kelp are stable, the yield of each unit crop of laver per mu is 200 kilograms, three crops of laver can be harvested by 600 kilograms, the yield value of each mu of three-dimensional cultivation sea area can be increased to be more than 6000 yuan, the method is favorable for the lasting development of the seaweed cultivation industry, and the risk resistance of the whole seaweed cultivation industry is improved.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional kelp and laver cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) collecting seedlings in advance

Culturing laver seed vegetables through fruit spores and a germination period, a filamentous algae filament period, an expanded algae filament period, a double spore period and a conchospore period, heating seawater in the conchospore period to make the seawater temperature be 24-28 ℃, promoting the conchospores to mature in advance, and picking seedlings in late 9-month ten days;

2) laver planting

Planting the laver seedlings collected in the step 1) on a laver net by using a three-dimensional kelp and laver culture device; the three-dimensional kelp and laver culture device comprises kelp raft frames and a laver net, wherein the two kelp raft frames are arranged in parallel, two parallel floating ropes are arranged between the two kelp raft frames, a plurality of kelp seedling ropes for culturing kelp are arranged between the two floating ropes, and the kelp seedling ropes are arranged at the bottoms of the floating ropes; the laver net is arranged between the two floating ropes and is positioned above the kelp seedling rope, a surrounding rope is arranged on the circumference of the laver net and comprises two long side ropes and two short side ropes, the two ends of each short side rope are respectively and detachably connected with the floating ropes, a plurality of snap rings are further arranged on the long side ropes, snap buckles matched with the snap rings are arranged on the floating ropes, and the long side ropes and the floating ropes on the corresponding sides of the long side ropes are detachably connected with the snap rings through the snap rings;

the clamping ring comprises a sleeve and a thin rope arranged inside the sleeve, and two ends of the thin rope are fixedly connected to enable the sleeve to be bent into a ring shape; the buckle comprises a buckle body, one end of the buckle body is a fixed end, the fixed end is provided with a clamping groove, the other end of the buckle body is a movable end, the movable end can be clamped into the clamping groove to close the buckle body, and the movable end can also be separated from the clamping groove to open the buckle body;

3) laver management

During the laver cultivation process, if a small amount of diatoms and green algae appear on the laver net, proper net drying is needed; culturing thallus Porphyrae for 15-20 days, taking out thallus Porphyrae net when young seedling can be seen by naked eye, and sun-drying the net once at bank; when the laver net is completely planted, if green algae still exist, the laver net is taken back, and the net is dried on the bank for one time;

4) laver harvesting

After 50-60 days of cultivation, in 11 Yueyueing, the laver is harvested for the first time, the laver net is taken down and returned to the bank, the laver net is firstly aired, then the laver seedling of the first time is harvested, and 3-5cm of laver root is left on the laver net;

5) kelp seedling

After the laver net is taken down in the step 4), kelp seedling clamping is carried out on the kelp seedling ropes by utilizing the neutral time, 20-25 seedlings are clamped on each kelp seedling rope, the distance between the seedlings is 10-12cm, and the suspension water layer of each kelp seedling rope is 50-80 cm; then, hanging the laver net after the first harvest on two floating ropes again, with the kelp seedling rope below and the laver net above to form a three-dimensional cultivation mode;

6) breeding management

Harvesting 3-5 crops of laver in 11-12 months; in 1 month last ten days of the next year, the laver net is completely withdrawn, the laver culture is ended, and the kelp seedling rope is lifted to a water layer of 30-35 cm; in 3 months of the next year, a floater is added in the middle of the kelp seedling rope, so that the suspension water layer of the kelp seedling rope is kept at 30-35 cm; by 4-7 months of the next year, the kelp is harvested in batches and ashore.

2. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of kelp and laver according to claim 1, wherein:

the buckle body is further connected with a fixing ring, the buckle body is fixedly connected with the fixing ring in the axial direction of the positioning pin through the positioning pin, and the fixing ring is rotatably connected with the positioning pin and the buckle body is rotatably connected with the positioning pin in the radial direction of the positioning pin.

3. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of kelp and laver according to claim 1, wherein:

the sleeve is a plastic pipe, and the diameter of the sleeve is 1.0-1.5 cm.

4. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of kelp and laver according to claim 1, wherein:

and the distance between every two adjacent snap rings on the same long-side rope is 1.0-1.2 m.

5. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of kelp and laver according to claim 4, wherein:

the clamping ring is fixedly connected with the long-edge rope through a rope, and the buckle is fixedly connected with the floating boom through a rope.

6. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of kelp and laver according to claim 1, wherein:

the laver net is a square grid net, and the laver net is a net woven by polyester silk spinning ropes.

7. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of kelp and laver according to claim 6, wherein:

the mesh size of the laver net is 25-30cm multiplied by 25-30 cm.

8. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of kelp and laver according to claim 7, wherein:

the laver net is 10-12m long and 1-2m wide, and the diameter of the enclosing rope is 1.0-1.5 cm.

9. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of kelp and laver according to claim 1, wherein:

the diameter of each kelp seedling rope is 2-3m, the number of the kelp seedling ropes is 75-80, and the distance between every two adjacent kelp seedling ropes is 1.0-1.5 m.

10. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of kelp and laver according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein:

in the step 4) and the step 6), the harvested laver net is placed in a citric acid seawater solution with the mass concentration of 1-3% and soaked for 30-60 min.

11. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of kelp and laver according to claim 10, wherein:

in the step 4) and the step 6), the laver net soaked in the citric acid seawater solution is sprayed with seawater added with nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, wherein the content of nitrogen element in the seawater is 100 mu mol/L and the content of phosphorus element in the seawater is 10 mu mol/L.

12. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of kelp and laver according to claim 1, wherein:

and 5), hanging a falling stone on the kelp seedling rope.

13. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of kelp and laver according to claim 12, wherein:

the weight of the drop stone is 100-150 g.

14. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of kelp and laver according to claim 1, wherein:

and in the step 3), when the net is aired, the net is placed on a flat land on the bank or hung up for airing.