CN111657033A - Method for preventing and treating diseases and pests of camellia oleifera forest - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating diseases and pests of camellia oleifera forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN111657033A CN111657033A CN202010372888.7A CN202010372888A CN111657033A CN 111657033 A CN111657033 A CN 111657033A CN 202010372888 A CN202010372888 A CN 202010372888A CN 111657033 A CN111657033 A CN 111657033A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/38—Trichoderma
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests of a tea-oil tree forest, which comprises the following steps: s1: ploughing 10-15 cm of camellia oleifera forest land in last ten days of 3 months and keeping the land at 1.0-2.2 g/m2The pesticide composition is applied in the dosage, after being uniformly mixed, the mixture is treated for 8-10 days in the sun, and the treatment period is every 2d, turning over soil once to provide sufficient illumination conditions; the pesticide composition is prepared from Trichoderma harzianum and nano silver phosphate modified montmorillonite according to the weight ratio of 1: (300-500) by mass; s2: in the middle and last ten days of 3 months, pinellia ternate and pyrethrum are planted in forest land in rows of the camellia oleifera trees in a crossed manner; s3: chemical prevention and control. According to the invention, the biological pesticide compounded by the trichoderma harzianum and the nano silver phosphate modified montmorillonite is used for the first time to treat the oil tea planting soil, so that harmful bacteria in the soil are killed in a synergistic manner, pathogenic bacteria of white southern blight are killed, the incidence rate of pathological root rot is effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the biological pesticide has excellent water and fertilizer retention performances.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of camellia oleifera planting, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests of a camellia oleifera forest.
Background
Camellia oleifera belongs to Theaceae, and is a evergreen medium and small arbor, also known as tea tree, tea oil tree and white tea. The camellia oleifera is one of four woody oil plants in the world, grows in mountains and hilly lands in subtropical regions in the south of China, and is a pure natural high-grade oil plant specific to China. The camellia oleifera fruit contains more than 30% of oil, is rich in tea saponin, tea seed polysaccharide, tea seed protein and the like, and is an important raw material for products such as food, feed, medicine and the like.
During the planting process of the camellia oleifera, diseases such as anthracnose, soft rot and the like can be infected, or the camellia oleifera suffers from insect pests such as camellia oleifera inchworm, tea moth, tea seed weevil and the like, so that a large amount of flowers, fruits and leaves of the camellia oleifera are fallen, and branches and stems are dead and the whole plant is dead in severe cases. When the number of the diseases and pests of a single camellia oleifera plant occurs, the diseases and pests can be quickly spread and spread to other camellia oleifera trees, especially to a camellia oleifera forest densely planted in a large area, the disease and pest spreading tendency is more serious, and huge economic loss of farmers can be caused, so that effective prevention and control of the diseases and pests of the camellia oleifera forest are important means for ensuring the yield of the camellia oleifera and the economic income of the farmers.
At present, the prevention and treatment methods of the diseases and insect pests of the camellia oleifera forest mainly comprise physical prevention and treatment, chemical prevention and treatment, biological prevention and comprehensive prevention and treatment, such as a patent with the application number of CN201711071904.3, and disclose a comprehensive effective treatment method of the diseases and insect pests of the camellia oleifera, such as a patent with the application number of CN201711382508.2, and a biological pesticide for preventing and treating the diseases and insect pests of the camellia oleifera and a preparation method thereof. The above patents and the traditional control means of the diseases and pests of the camellia oleifera mainly aim at the branch and leaf parts of the camellia oleifera above the ground surface, and have no or weak control effect on the diseases and pests of the stem base parts or the root parts of seedlings on the ground surface and under the ground, but the root rot of the rhizome parts of the camellia oleifera such as southern blight and the like can also cause a great deal of death of the camellia oleifera, for example, since the seedling culture in 1957, the average mortality rate of the seedlings suffering from camellia oleifera southern blight in she county special economic forest farms in Anhui province is 22.6%, and can reach about 50% in severe cases.
Based on the above, the invention provides a method for preventing and treating diseases and pests of a tea-oil tree forest, in particular to tea-oil tree southern blight, and meanwhile, pinellia ternate and pyrethrum are used for intercropping regulation, so that the ecological insect expelling effect is exerted, the comprehensive income of the tea-oil tree forest is improved, and the vacant land of the tea-oil tree forest is fully utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests of a tea-oil tree forest.
The technical scheme of the invention is summarized as follows:
a method for preventing and treating diseases and pests of a tea-oil tree forest comprises the following steps:
s1: ploughing 10-15 cm of camellia oleifera forest land in last ten days of 3 months and keeping the land at 1.0-2.2 g/m2The pesticide composition is applied in the amount of the pesticide composition, after the pesticide composition is uniformly mixed, the mixture is treated in the sunlight for 8-10 days, and soil is turned over every 2 days in the period, so that sufficient illumination conditions are provided;
the pesticide composition is prepared from Trichoderma harzianum and nano silver phosphate modified montmorillonite according to the weight ratio of 1: (300-500) by mass;
s2: in the middle and last ten days of 3 months, pinellia ternate and pyrethrum are planted in forest lands among the rows of the camellia oleifera trees in a crossed manner, so that the biological diversity of the camellia oleifera trees is increased, and insects are repelled ecologically;
s3: spraying 500 times of 50% sterile wettable powder solution for 2-3 times at the end of 3-4 months in a dosage of 35 kg/mu each time to prevent the anthracnose of the oil tea; spraying 1500 times of 25% phosmet solution in 75 kg/mu every time from 5 middle ten days to 7 middle ten days of the month, and spraying for 4-5 times in total to prevent and treat the tea-oil tea-leaf moth and the tea moth.
Preferably, the plant-row spacing of the pinellia ternata and the pyrethrum is (7-10) cm x (16-20) cm.
Preferably, the number of the viable trichoderma harzianum is 5-8 × 108cfu/g。
Preferably, the preparation method of the nano silver phosphate modified montmorillonite comprises the following steps: dipping 40-mesh montmorillonite in dilute nitric acid solution for 0.5-1 h, filtering, drying, adding dilute nitric acid solution containing 0.05-0.2 mmol/L silver acetate according to 1g/2mL, stirring for adsorbing for 1-1.5 h, dropwise adding phosphoric acid solution, and controlling Ag+、PO4 3-In a molar ratio of 3: 1, adjusting the pH value to 5-6 by ammonia water, stirring and reacting for 3-6 h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the nano-particlesSilver phosphate modified montmorillonite.
Preferably, the concentration of the dilute nitric acid solution is 2.5-5%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention firstly utilizes the biological pesticide compounded by the trichoderma harzianum and the nano silver phosphate modified montmorillonite to treat the oil tea planting soil, synergistically kills harmful bacteria in the soil, kills pathogenic bacteria (sclerotinia rolfsii) of white sclerotium, reduces the incidence rate of pathological root rot, and simultaneously, the trichoderma harzianum has the capacity of reproduction and regeneration, the nano silver phosphate modified montmorillonite is different from other disposable chemical pesticides, the nano silver phosphate is used as a metal type and photocatalytic bactericide, the nano silver phosphate has lasting and stable sterilization performance after entering the soil, the nano silver phosphate modified montmorillonite does not need to be applied again, the planting cost is greatly reduced, in addition, the nano silver phosphate modified montmorillonite also has the effects of water retention and fertilizer retention, the high surface area and the porous property enable the nano silver phosphate modified montmorillonite to effectively absorb redundant water in the soil, the root rot problem caused by continuous plum rain seasons is avoided, and the occurrence rate of the root rot is further reduced.
2. The invention also utilizes pinellia ternate and pyrethrum to carry out interplanting regulation, not only exerts the ecological insect expelling effect of plants, but also improves the comprehensive income of the tea-oil tree forest and fully utilizes the vacant land of the tea-oil tree forest.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the pest control method for the camellia oleifera forest.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
Example 1
A method for preventing and treating diseases and pests of a tea-oil tree forest comprises the following steps:
s1: no. 3 month 5, ploughing 3 years old camellia oleifera forest land by 15cm, loosening soil by 15cm, and keeping the soil concentration at 1.5g/m2The pesticide composition is applied in the dosage, after being uniformly mixed, the mixture is treated in the sun for 10 days, and in the period, soil is turned over once every 2 days to provide sufficient illumination conditions;
the pesticide composition is prepared from Trichoderma harzianum and nano silver phosphate modified montmorillonite according to the weight ratio of 1: 500 by mass ratio;
the number of the viable trichoderma harzianum is 6 × 108cfu/g；
The preparation method of the nano silver phosphate modified montmorillonite comprises the following steps: soaking 40 mesh montmorillonite in 2.5% dilute nitric acid solution for 0.5h, filtering, drying, adding dilute nitric acid solution containing 0.1mmol/L silver acetate (0.1mmol dissolved in 1L 2.5% dilute nitric acid solution) at a ratio of 1g/2mL, stirring for adsorbing for 1.5h, adding phosphoric acid solution dropwise, and controlling Ag+、PO4 3-In a molar ratio of 3: 1, adjusting the pH value to 5.5 by using ammonia water, stirring for reacting for 6 hours, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the nano silver phosphate modified montmorillonite;
s2: 3, 16 days after the 3 months, pinellia ternate and pyrethrum are planted in forest land between tea-oil tree rows according to the plant row spacing of 10cm multiplied by 18cm in a crossing manner, so that the biological diversity of the tea-oil tree is increased, and insects are repelled ecologically;
s3: spraying 500 times of 50% sterile wettable powder solution according to the dosage of 35 kg/mu every 3 months, 25 days to 3 months, 14 days to prevent the anthracnose of the oil tea; spraying 1500 times of 25% phosmet solution for 5 times in a dosage of 75 kg/mu every 5 months, 15 days to 7 months, 14 days to prevent and treat tea-oil tree leaf miner and tea moth.
The specific spraying date is as follows:
comparative example 1: the same as in example 1, except that: step S1 is not performed.
Comparative example 2: the same as in example 1, except that: trichoderma harzianum is used for replacing the pesticide composition in the example 1, and the application amount is 3mg/m2。
In 5 days 3 months in the next year, the morbidity (based on the number of non-dead oil tea trees with southern blight) and the mortality of the southern blight of the oil tea forest in the example 1 and the comparative examples 1-2 are counted respectively, and the morbidity and the mortality of the southern blight are calculated, and the results are shown in the following table:
the method can effectively kill pathogenic bacteria of southern blight, has an inhibition rate of over 99 percent, and obviously reduces the death rate of the camellia oleifera.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in all kinds of fields of application of the invention, and further modifications may readily be effected by those skilled in the art, so that the invention is not limited to the specific details without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preventing and treating diseases and pests of a tea-oil tree forest is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: ploughing 10-15 cm of camellia oleifera forest land in last ten days of 3 months and keeping the land at 1.0-2.2 g/m2The pesticide composition is applied in the amount of the pesticide composition, after the pesticide composition is uniformly mixed, the mixture is treated in the sunlight for 8-10 days, and soil is turned over every 2 days in the period, so that sufficient illumination conditions are provided;
the pesticide composition is prepared from Trichoderma harzianum and nano silver phosphate modified montmorillonite according to the weight ratio of 1: (300-500) by mass;
s2: in the middle and last ten days of 3 months, pinellia ternate and pyrethrum are planted in forest lands among the rows of the camellia oleifera trees in a crossed manner, so that the biological diversity of the camellia oleifera trees is increased, and insects are repelled ecologically;
s3: spraying 500 times of 50% sterile wettable powder solution for 2-3 times at the end of 3-4 months in a dosage of 35 kg/mu each time to prevent the anthracnose of the oil tea; spraying 1500 times of 25% phosmet solution in 75 kg/mu every time from 5 middle ten days to 7 middle ten days of the month, and spraying for 4-5 times in total to prevent and treat the tea-oil tea-leaf moth and the tea moth.
2. The camellia oleifera forest pest control method according to claim 1, wherein plant-row spacing of the planted pinellia ternate and pyrethrum is (7-10) cm x (16-20) cm.
3. The method for controlling diseases and pests of oil tea trees according to claim 1, wherein the number of viable trichoderma harzianum is 5-8 × 108cfu/g。
4. The method for preventing and treating diseases and pests of camellia oleifera forest according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the nano silver phosphate modified montmorillonite comprises the following steps: dipping 40-mesh montmorillonite in dilute nitric acid solution for 0.5-1 h, filtering, drying, adding dilute nitric acid solution containing 0.05-0.2 mmol/L silver acetate according to 1g/2mL, stirring for adsorbing for 1-1.5 h, dropwise adding phosphoric acid solution, and controlling Ag+、PO4 3-In a molar ratio of 3: 1, adjusting the pH value to 5-6 by using ammonia water, stirring and reacting for 3-6 h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the nano silver phosphate modified montmorillonite.
5. A camellia oleifera forest pest control method according to claim 4, wherein the concentration of the dilute nitric acid solution is 2.5-5%.
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Application publication date: 20200915 |