CN111644184B - 一种可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂及其制备方法,制备方法具体步骤包括:1)、制备六水合氯化钐水溶液,记为溶液A;2)、向溶液A中加入氨水得到含沉淀物的混合溶液B;3)、对混合溶液B进行抽滤后烘干得到前驱物C;4)、将前驱物C和硫代乙酰胺置于坩埚中并放入管式炉内;5)、控制管式炉升温至750~850℃,再通入惰性气体冷却至室温,得到可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂。本发明的制备方法流程简单、易操作,制备成本低,所得可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂禁带宽度窄,光吸收响应范围宽,能够在更宽范围的可见光条件下发挥作用,且其光催化性能好,对水体污染物的降解效率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体光催化剂,具体涉及一种可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着经济的发展和社会的不断进步,人类的生产活动越来越频繁,但随之也带来了一系列社会问题,其中水污染问题尤为严重。第四届世界“水”论坛提供的联合国世界水资源评估报告显示,全世界每天约有数百万吨垃圾倒进河流、湖泊和小溪,每升废水会污染8升淡水;所有流经亚洲城市的河流均被污染。由于受污染的水体中常含有石油类、有机物、挥发酚、氨氮等难降解,具有生物积累性和致癌、至畸、致突变作用,严重影响人类身体健康,而常规的污水处理方法难以去除这些微量污染物,特别是难以去除有机物。
为了更好的解决水体污染的问题,光催化技术应运而生。半导体光催化技术具有以下优点:在特定的光照下可以直接发生反应,能够有效破坏许多结构稳定的生物难降解有机污染物,使它们降解为二氧化碳和水等,降解彻底,无二次污染,能耗低,操作简便等等。
近年来科学家们研究用于降解有机污水的光催化剂主要有TiO2、ZnO、 Cu2O、BiOI、ZnS、CdS及它们各自的复合物等。但在实际应用过程中,由于这些催化剂自身结构和合成工艺的影响,其仅能在紫外光和部分可见光作用下发挥作用。因而寻找高效可见光响应的光催化剂依然是研究热点之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种适用可见光范围广、降解效率高的可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂,以及其制备方法。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂的制备方法,具体步骤包括:
步骤1)、取0.1~0.3mmol六水合氯化钐溶于30ml去离子水中形成溶液A;
步骤2)、向溶液A中逐滴加入2.5~7.5ml氨水,得到含沉淀物的混合溶液 B;
步骤3)、对混合溶液B进行抽滤并将抽滤样品烘干,得到前驱物C;
步骤4)、取1~3g前驱物C置于小坩埚中,再将小坩埚和1.5~4.5g硫代乙酰胺置于大坩埚中,并放入管式炉内;
步骤5)、控制管式炉在真空状态下以2.5~7.5℃/min的升温速率自室温升温至750~850℃,再通入惰性气体随炉冷却至室温,得到可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂。
进一步的,所述步骤1)中将六水合氯化钐溶于去离子水时进行搅拌0.5h。
进一步的,所述步骤2)中得到混合溶液B后对混合溶液B进行搅拌3h。
进一步的,所述步骤3)中对抽滤样品烘干前分别用去离子水、无水乙醇洗涤抽滤样品。
进一步的,所述步骤3)中烘干时间为4h。
进一步的,所述步骤5)中升温至750~850℃后保温1h。
进一步的,所述步骤5)中惰性气体为氩气。
根据上述制备方法制备所得的可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂。
相比于现有技术,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明的制备方法流程简单、易操作,制备成本低。
根据本发明制备方法所制备的可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂禁带宽度窄,光吸收响应范围宽,不仅能够吸收紫外光和波长小于550nm的可见光,还能吸收波长大于等于550nm的可见光,能够在更宽范围的可见光条件下发挥作用,且其光催化性能好,对水体污染物的降解效率高。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例2所制备的可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂的XRD图谱;
图2为本发明实施例2所制备的可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂的UV-vis 吸收图谱和禁带宽度模型图;
图3为本发明实施例2所制备的可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂对甲基橙染料的降解效率图;
图4为本发明实施例2所制备的可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂对甲基橙染料的降解图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细的描述。
实施例1
步骤1)、将0.2mmol的六水合氯化钐(SmCl3·6H2O)溶于30ml去离子水中,持续搅拌0.5h形成溶液A;
步骤2)、在持续搅拌状态下向A溶液中逐滴加入5ml氨水(NH3·H2O) 得到含有白色沉淀物的混合溶液B,继续搅拌3h使反应更充分;
步骤3)、对混合溶液B进行抽滤,分别用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤抽滤产物3次,将所得样品置于烘箱中干燥4h得到前驱物C,即Sm2O3;
步骤4)、称取2g前驱物C置于一个小坩埚中,将该小坩埚和3g硫代乙酰胺(CH3CSNH2)同时置于一个大坩埚中,并将大坩埚放入管式炉中;
步骤5)、在真空状态下控制管式炉以5℃/min的升温速率自室温进行升温,升温至750℃后保温1h,随后通入氩气随炉冷却至室温,所得产物即为 SmxS1.5x材料,即可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂。
实施例2
步骤1)、将0.1mmol的六水合氯化钐(SmCl3·6H2O)溶于30ml去离子水中,持续搅拌0.5h形成溶液A;
步骤2)、在持续搅拌状态下向A溶液中逐滴加入2.5ml氨水(NH3·H2O) 得到含有白色沉淀物的混合溶液B,继续搅拌3h使反应更充分;
步骤3)、对混合溶液B进行抽滤,分别用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤抽滤产物3次,将所得样品置于烘箱中干燥4h得到前驱物C,即Sm2O3;
步骤4)、称取1g前驱物C置于一个小坩埚中,将该小坩埚和1.5g硫代乙酰胺(CH3CSNH2)同时置于一个大坩埚中,并将大坩埚放入管式炉中;
步骤5)、在真空状态下控制管式炉以2.5℃/min的升温速率进行升温,自室温升温至800℃后保温1h,随后通入氩气随炉冷却至室温,所得产物即为 SmxS1.5x材料,即可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂。
图1为本实施例制备的可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂的XRD图谱,从图中可以看出图像无杂峰,制备的样品纯度高,且所有吸收峰均与JCPDS No.65-3840标准卡片相对应,证明本发明方法成功合成了Sm10.67S16材料;图2 为本实施例制备的可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂的UV-vis吸收图谱和禁带宽度模型图,由图可以看出Sm10.67S16的禁带宽度为2.101eV,禁带宽度窄,不仅能够吸收紫外光和波长小于550nm的可见光,还能吸收部分波长大于等于550nm的可见光,具有良好的光催化剂性能。
图3为本实施例对可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂对甲基橙染料的降解效率图,图4为本实施例的降解图,可以看出,本实施例所制备的可见光响应 Sm10.67S16光催化剂具有较高的催化活性,光照条件下40min对甲基橙染料的降解率可达98.5%。
实施例3
步骤1)、将0.3mmol的六水合氯化钐(SmCl3·6H2O)溶于30ml去离子水中,持续搅拌0.5h形成溶液A;
步骤2)、在持续搅拌状态下向A溶液中逐滴加入7.5ml氨水(NH3·H2O) 得到含有白色沉淀物的混合溶液B,继续搅拌3h使反应更充分;
步骤3)、对混合溶液B进行抽滤,分别用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤抽滤产物3次,将所得样品置于烘箱中干燥4h得到前驱物C,即Sm2O3;
步骤4)、称取3g前驱物C置于一个小坩埚中,将该小坩埚和4.5g硫代乙酰胺(CH3CSNH2)同时置于一个大坩埚中,并将大坩埚放入管式炉中;
步骤5)、在真空状态下控制管式炉以7.5℃/min的升温速率进行升温,自室温升温至825℃后保温1h,随后通入氩气随炉冷却至室温,所得产物即为 SmxS1.5x材料,即可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂。
实施例4
步骤1)、将0.3mmol的六水合氯化钐(SmCl3·6H2O)溶于30ml去离子水中,持续搅拌0.5h形成溶液A;
步骤2)、在持续搅拌状态下向A溶液中逐滴加入2.5ml氨水(NH3·H2O) 得到含有白色沉淀物的混合溶液B,继续搅拌3h使反应更充分;
步骤3)、对混合溶液B进行抽滤,分别用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤抽滤产物3次,将所得样品置于烘箱中干燥4h得到前驱物C,即Sm2O3;
步骤4)、称取3g前驱物C置于一个小坩埚中,将该小坩埚和2g硫代乙酰胺(CH3CSNH2)同时置于一个大坩埚中,并将大坩埚放入管式炉中;
步骤5)、在真空状态下控制管式炉以2.5℃/min的升温速率进行升温,自室温升温至850℃后保温1h,随后通入氩气随炉冷却至室温,所得产物即为 SmxS1.5x材料,即可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂。
实施例5
步骤1)、将0.1mmol的六水合氯化钐(SmCl3·6H2O)溶于30ml去离子水中,持续搅拌0.5h形成溶液A;
步骤2)、在持续搅拌状态下向A溶液中逐滴加入2.5ml氨水(NH3·H2O) 得到含有白色沉淀物的混合溶液B,继续搅拌3h使反应更充分;
步骤3)、对混合溶液B进行抽滤,分别用去离子水和无水乙醇洗涤抽滤产物3次,将所得样品置于烘箱中干燥4h得到前驱物C,即Sm2O3;
步骤4)、称取1g前驱物C置于一个小坩埚中,将该小坩埚和1.5g硫代乙酰胺(CH3CSNH2)同时置于一个大坩埚中,并将大坩埚放入管式炉中;
步骤5)、在真空状态下控制管式炉以2.5℃/min的升温速率进行升温,自室温升温至750℃后保温1h,随后通入氩气随炉冷却至室温,所得产物即为 SmxS1.5x材料,即可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂。
Claims (7)
1.一种可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤包括:
步骤1)、取0.1~0.3mmol六水合氯化钐溶于30ml去离子水中形成溶液A;
步骤2)、向溶液A中逐滴加入2.5~7.5ml氨水,得到含沉淀物的混合溶液B;
步骤3)、对混合溶液B进行抽滤并将抽滤样品烘干,得到前驱物C;
步骤4)、取1~3g前驱物C置于小坩埚中,再将小坩埚和1.5~4.5g硫代乙酰胺置于大坩埚中,并放入管式炉内;
步骤5)、控制管式炉在真空状态下以2.5~7.5℃/min的升温速率自室温升温至750~850℃保温1h,再通入惰性气体随炉冷却至室温,得到可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1)中将六水合氯化钐溶于去离子水时进行搅拌0.5h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2)中得到混合溶液B后对混合溶液B进行搅拌3h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3)中对抽滤样品烘干前分别用去离子水、无水乙醇洗涤抽滤样品。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3)中烘干时间为4h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤5)中惰性气体为氩气。
7.根据上述任意一项所述的制备方法制备所得的可见光响应Sm10.67S16光催化剂。
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