CN111642361A - Under-film solar circulating spray water-saving irrigation method for mountain apocarya in spring - Google Patents
Under-film solar circulating spray water-saving irrigation method for mountain apocarya in spring Download PDFInfo
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- CN111642361A CN111642361A CN202010663963.5A CN202010663963A CN111642361A CN 111642361 A CN111642361 A CN 111642361A CN 202010663963 A CN202010663963 A CN 202010663963A CN 111642361 A CN111642361 A CN 111642361A
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 265
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 235000009025 Carya illinoensis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 244000068645 Carya illinoensis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000004875 Carya cathayensis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005663 Carya cathayensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 101150001463 sunA gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000723418 Carya Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000006667 Aleurites moluccana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/01—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements
- B01D29/05—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements supported
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/50—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
- B01D29/56—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition in series connection
- B01D29/58—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition in series connection arranged concentrically or coaxially
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for water-saving irrigation by solar circulating spray under a film of mountain carya illinoensis in spring, wherein a barrel body of a water storage barrel is buried in soil below a crown of mountain carya illinoensis in a sloping field, a solar circulating sprayer is placed in the water storage barrel, a miniature solar water pump is placed at the bottom of the water storage barrel, a water inlet of a water pump is wrapped by double-layer nylon silk stockings, a water storage barrel and an atomizing nozzle are placed on a water collecting plastic cloth pad, the water pump is connected with the atomizing nozzle by a rubber tubule, and an arch frame is built by bamboo sheets above three areas of the water storage barrel, the plastic cloth water collecting pad and the atomizing nozzle; the miniature solar water pumping circulation sprayer is used for atomizing and spraying water. According to the characteristics of clear dry and wet seasons and seasonal water shortage in low-latitude plateau areas in Yunnan, the 3-5-month flowering and fruit setting period of carya illinoensis planted in sloping fields is used as a key period that the yield is influenced by water, the plastic film under-film water storage solar automatic circulating spraying is carried out to wet soil to meet the requirement of water for trees, and the purposes of labor and water saving, efficient water saving and irrigation are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of apocarya irrigation, in particular to a method for solar energy circular spray water-saving irrigation under a film of the apocarya in spring mountainous regions.
Background
The Yunnan mountain land occupies 94.6 percent of the territorial area, the dry and wet seasons of most regions are clear, more than 80 percent of rainfall is concentrated in 6-10 months every year, and the drought and raininess are less from 11 months to 5 months next year. The cultivation of the carya illinoensis in Yunnan has high economic value, and the annual income of the carya illinoensis fruit trees of about 15 years can reach 1000-12000 yuan per plant. Most of the carya illinoensis is planted in mountainous regions in Yunnan, water sources are few in dry seasons, manual water pipe irrigation or drip irrigation is generally adopted, water consumption is high in water pipe irrigation, the drip irrigation is not provided with a power supply, water yield of a water dropper with uneven terrain height difference is uneven, hardness of an underground water source is high, the water dropper is easy to block, and the like.
The existing irrigation technology of the mountain apocarya takes labor and water, has high cost, the water consumption per mu of forest year is more than 10 tons, and the investment is more than 300 yuan.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for water-saving irrigation of carya illinoensis in spring mountainous regions by solar circulating spray under a film, and solves the problem that carya illinoensis is difficult to irrigate in Yunnan dry seasons.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for solar circulating spray water-saving irrigation under mulch of carya illinoensis in dry mountainous regions comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting and storing a water source: in rainy season, 200L water storage barrel body with barrel cover is buried into soil below crown of carya illinoensis in sloping field, and 2m of water storage barrel is laid on ground2The left and right water-collecting plastic cloth pads are heightened, the lowest part is led into the inner wall of the water storage barrel, rainwater or spray condensed water drops falling on the plastic cloth pads can naturally flow into the barrel, and the barrel cover is covered after the water is filled, so that the water evaporation loss is prevented;
(2) water pumping and spraying: a miniature solar water pumping and circulating sprayer is arranged in the water storage barrel, consists of a miniature solar water pumping machine with power of 30 watts and an atomizing nozzle and is connected by a thin rubber tube with the length of 2-3 m; the miniature solar water pump is placed in water storage barrel head portion, for preventing that aquatic impurity from blockking up miniature water pump, wraps up the water pump water inlet with double-deck nylon silk socks, and the central position at catchmenting plastic cloth pad is settled to the atomizer, and the shower nozzle is 10 ~ 20cm apart from plastic cloth pad. The miniature solar water pump is powered by a 30-watt solar panel. The solar cell panel is placed in a place which is well illuminated and is not shielded by a crown, and the power line is connected to the miniature solar water pump;
(3) building an arch frame: the water storage barrel, the plastic cloth water collection pad above the sloping field of the water storage barrel and the atomizing nozzle are built by bamboo chips, the height of the ground is about 30cm, and the occupied area is 4m2The left and right arch frames are covered with black plastic cloth, the edges of the arch frames are compacted by soil, the arch frames and the black plastic cloth form a closed plastic arch film, atomized water vapor is sealed, and in order to prevent overhigh temperature in the arch film, the plastic arch film is pulled up to form a shading net or covered with leaves, weeds and the like to shade directly irradiated sunlight;
(4) circulating spraying: when the key water-requiring period of the flowering and fruit-setting of the carya illinoensis is 3-5 months, the water storage barrel cover is unscrewed, when the solar panel irradiates the sun, the solar water pumping and spraying device in the plastic arch film starts to work, saturated water vapor is formed in the arch film, the part falling to the surface of the earth is adsorbed by the earth, the soil 3-5cm below the earth surface is kept moist, the minimum requirement of the flowering and fruit-setting of the carya illinoensis on water content can be guaranteed, water drops falling onto the plastic water collection pad naturally flow into the water storage barrel, and therefore water circulation is achieved.
Further, the method comprises the following steps of; and (2) collecting water collected by the water storage barrel in the step (1) in rainy seasons.
Further, the method comprises the following steps of; the power of the miniature solar water pumping circulation sprayer in the step (2) is 30 watts.
Further, the method comprises the following steps of; and (3) placing the solar panel outside the plastic arch film in a place which is well illuminated and not covered by a crown in the step (2), and connecting a power line of the solar panel to the micro solar water pump below the plastic arch film.
Further, the method comprises the following steps of; the lowest position of the water collecting plastic cloth pad above the water storage barrel is placed on the side wall of the water storage barrel.
Further, the method comprises the following steps of; the working time of the solar panel is 3-5 months.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. the method has the advantages that the solar energy circulation spray water-saving irrigation under the film of the carya illinoensis in the mountainous region is carried out in spring, the water-saving effect is good, compared with the traditional leather hose irrigation, the water is saved by 80%, compared with the traditional drip irrigation, the water is saved by 30%, and the limitation of electric power and water sources is avoided.
2. The solar energy circulating spray water-saving irrigation under the plastic arched film is to atomize and spray the stored water, and the solar energy spray under the plastic arched film forms saturated water vapor to be connected to the soil surface, so that 4m under the arched film2The left and right soil is kept moist, shallow distribution and root system water tendency habits of the root systems in the soil are absorbed by using the pecans on the sloping field, and the root system water absorption in the local range of the tree body under the arched film guarantees the minimum requirement of the tree body on water for blooming and fruit setting; the water drops formed by spraying fall on the plastic water collecting pad paved above the water storage container and naturally flow into the water storage container to form recycling, so that the water is saved by circulating spraying.
3. In Yunnan, the annual income of the single plant of the apocarya with well managed water can reach 1000-12000 yuan, and the cultivation benefit is high. According to the characteristics of clear dry and wet seasons and seasonal engineering water shortage in low-latitude plateau areas in Yunnan, the water storage under plastic films is carried out by solar automatic circulating spraying to wet soil to meet the water demand of trees by utilizing the rule that the flowering and fruit setting period of 3-5 months of carya illinoensis planted in sloping fields is a key period that the water influences the yield, so that the aim of efficient water-saving irrigation with labor and water saving is fulfilled.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a method for solar circulating spray water-saving irrigation under a film of thin-shelled carya cathayensis in spring mountainous regions comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting and storing a water source: burying a 200L water storage barrel body with a barrel cover into soil below a crown of carya illinoensis in a sloping field, and paving a 2m water storage barrel on the ground2Left and rightThe edge of the upper edge of the water collecting plastic cloth pad is higher, the lowest part of the water collecting plastic cloth pad is led into the inner wall of the water storage barrel, and the barrel cover is covered after the water storage barrel is filled with water;
(2) water pumping and spraying: a miniature solar water pumping and circulating sprayer is arranged in the water storage barrel, consists of a miniature solar water pumping machine and an atomizing nozzle and is connected by a thin rubber tube with the length of 2 m; the miniature solar water pump is placed at the bottom of the water storage barrel, a water inlet of the water pump is wrapped by double-layer nylon silk stockings, the atomizing nozzle is arranged at the middle of the water collecting plastic cloth pad, the distance between the nozzle and the plastic cloth pad is 10cm, and the miniature solar water pump is powered by a solar panel;
(3) building an arch frame: the water storage barrel, the plastic cloth water collecting pad above the sloping field of the water storage barrel and the atomizing nozzle are built by bamboo chips, the height of the ground is about 30cm, the occupied area is 4m2The left and right arch frames are covered with black plastic cloth, the edges of the arch frames are compacted by soil, the arch frames and the black plastic cloth form a closed plastic arch film, the plastic arch film is pulled up to form a shading net or covered with leaves, weeds and other objects to shade the sunlight which is directly irradiated, and the sunlight is shaded to prevent the root system of the carya illinoensis from being damaged by overhigh air temperature in the arch shed;
(4) circulating spraying: when the key water-requiring period of the blooming and fruit-setting of the carya illinoensis is 3-5 months, the water storage barrel cover is unscrewed, when the solar panel irradiates the sun, the solar water pumping and spraying device in the plastic arch film starts to work, saturated water vapor is formed in the arch film, the part falling to the surface of the earth is adsorbed by the earth, the soil 3-5cm below the earth surface is kept moist, the minimum requirement of the blooming and fruit-setting of the carya illinoensis on water is guaranteed, water drops falling onto the plastic water collection pad naturally flow into the water storage barrel, and thus, water circulation is realized; the method is characterized in that Yunnan is in a low latitude plateau area, dry and wet seasons are clear, rainy seasons are concentrated in 6-11 months, rainfall accounts for more than 80% of the whole year, 12 months to the next 5 months are dry seasons, and planting of the mountain carya illinoensis faces seasonal drought and water shortage. The carya illinoensis is a deep-rooted (more than 3 meters underground) deciduous tree species, the carya illinoensis is in a no-leaf period from 11 late ten days to 3 months of the next year, the air temperature is relatively low, no leaf transpiration exists, the water consumption of the tree body is low, and the normal flower bud differentiation requirement can be met only by absorbing the water stored in deep soil in rainy seasons through root systems. The carya illinoensis tree starts to sprout in the early and middle 3 months, flowers and fruits are set in the late 4 months to the middle 5 months, and the drought seriously affects the flowering and fruit setting in the period, so that the yield is reduced, and water-saving irrigation is very key to guarantee the high yield in the current year; by utilizing the characteristics that rainfall in Yunnan is concentrated in 6-11 months, accounts for about 80% of annual rainfall and belongs to seasonal drought and engineering water shortage, rainwater is collected in a water storage barrel with the volume of 200 liters in rainy seasons, and the rainwater is covered and buried in soil below the crown of the carya illinoensis on the sloping field for later use; in the key period of special demand on moisture for blooming and fruit setting of the carya illinoensis from the first 3 th to the middle 5 th of the month, when the solar panel is irradiated by the sun, a solar spraying device which is arranged below a plastic arch film in advance starts to work, a solar water pumping sprayer atomizes water to form saturated water vapor in the arch film, the water vapor falling to the ground is adsorbed by soil, the soil 3-10 cm below the ground surface in the arch film keeps moist, the carya illinoensis absorption root system in the sloping field is distributed shallowly (5-20 cm below the ground) in the soil and has a root system water tendency habit, and the root system water absorption in the local range of the tree body below the arch film can guarantee the minimum demand on moisture for blooming and fruit setting of the tree body; the water drops falling on the plastic cloth water collecting pad above the water storage container naturally flow into the water storage container for recycling. The solar energy circulation spray water-saving irrigation under the hickory film realizes the effects of water saving and labor saving.
Example 2:
on the basis of embodiment 1, the under-film solar circulating spray water-saving irrigation method for the thin-shell pecans in the spring mountainous region comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting and storing a water source: burying a 200L water storage barrel body with a barrel cover into soil below a crown of carya illinoensis in a sloping field, and paving a 2m water storage barrel on the ground2The left and right water-collecting plastic cloth pads are higher at the upper edge and lower in the inner wall of the water storage barrel, and the barrel cover is covered after the water storage barrel is filled with water;
(2) water pumping and spraying: a miniature solar water pumping and circulating sprayer is arranged in the water storage barrel, consists of a miniature solar water pumping machine and an atomizing nozzle and is connected by a thin rubber tube with the length of 3 m; the miniature solar water pump is placed at the bottom of the water storage barrel, a water inlet of the water pump is wrapped by double-layer nylon silk stockings, the atomizing nozzle is arranged at the middle of the water collecting plastic cloth pad, the distance between the nozzle and the plastic cloth pad is 20cm, the miniature solar water pump is powered by a solar cell panel, and sunlight is shielded to prevent overhigh air temperature in the arched shed from damaging the root system of the carya illinoensis;
(3) building an arch frame: the water storage barrel, the plastic cloth water collecting pad above the sloping field of the water storage barrel and the atomizing nozzle are built by bamboo chips, the height of the ground is about 30cm, the occupied area is 4m2The left and right arch frames are covered with black plastic cloth, the edges of the arch frames are compacted by soil, the arch frames and the black plastic cloth form a closed plastic arch film, and the plastic arch film is pulled up to form a shading net or covered with leaves, weeds and other objects to shade the directly irradiated sunlight;
(4) circulating spraying: when the key water-requiring period of the blooming and fruit-setting of the carya illinoensis is 3-5 months, the water storage barrel cover is unscrewed, when the solar panel irradiates the sun, the solar water pumping and spraying device in the plastic arch film starts to work, saturated water vapor is formed in the arch film, the part falling to the surface of the earth is adsorbed by the earth, the soil 3-5cm below the earth surface is kept moist, the minimum requirement of the blooming and fruit-setting of the carya illinoensis on water is guaranteed, water drops falling onto the plastic water collection pad naturally flow into the water storage barrel, and thus, water circulation is realized; the method is characterized in that Yunnan is in a low latitude plateau area, dry and wet seasons are clear, rainy seasons are concentrated in 6-11 months, rainfall accounts for more than 80% of the whole year, 12 months to the next 5 months are dry seasons, and planting of the mountain carya illinoensis faces seasonal drought and water shortage. The carya illinoensis is a deep-rooted (more than 3 meters underground) deciduous tree species, the carya illinoensis is in a no-leaf period from 11 late ten days to 3 months of the next year, the air temperature is relatively low, no leaf transpiration exists, the water consumption of the tree body is low, and the normal flower bud differentiation requirement can be met only by absorbing the water stored in deep soil in rainy seasons through root systems. The carya illinoensis tree starts to sprout in the early and middle 3 months, flowers and fruits are set in the late 4 months to the middle 5 months, and the drought seriously affects the flowering and fruit setting in the period, so that the yield is reduced, and water-saving irrigation is very key to guarantee the high yield in the current year; by utilizing the characteristics that rainfall in Yunnan is concentrated in 6-11 months, accounts for about 80% of annual rainfall and belongs to seasonal drought and engineering water shortage, rainwater is collected in a water storage barrel with the volume of 200 liters in rainy seasons, and the rainwater is covered and buried in soil below the crown of the carya illinoensis on the sloping field for later use; in the key period of special demand on moisture for blooming and fruit setting of the carya illinoensis from the first 3 th to the middle 5 th of the month, when the solar panel is irradiated by the sun, a solar spraying device which is arranged below a plastic arch film in advance starts to work, a solar water pumping sprayer atomizes water to form saturated water vapor in the arch film, the water vapor falling to the ground is adsorbed by soil, the soil 3-10 cm below the ground surface in the arch film keeps moist, the carya illinoensis absorption root system in the sloping field is distributed shallowly (5-20 cm below the ground) in the soil and has a root system water tendency habit, and the root system water absorption in the local range of the tree body below the arch film can guarantee the minimum demand on moisture for blooming and fruit setting of the tree body; the water drops falling on the plastic cloth water collecting pad above the water storage container naturally flow into the water storage container for recycling. The solar energy circulation spray water-saving irrigation under the hickory film realizes the effects of water saving and labor saving.
Example 3:
on the basis of the embodiment 1-2, the method for the water-saving irrigation of the thin-shell pecan film under the film by solar circulating spray in the spring mountainous region comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting and storing a water source: burying a 200L water storage barrel body with a barrel cover into soil below a crown of carya illinoensis in a sloping field, and paving a 2m water storage barrel on the ground2The left and right water-collecting plastic cloth pads are higher at the upper edge and lower in the inner wall of the water storage barrel, and the barrel cover is covered after the water storage barrel is filled with water;
(2) water pumping and spraying: a miniature solar water pumping and circulating sprayer is arranged in the water storage barrel, consists of a miniature solar water pumping machine and an atomizing nozzle and is connected by a thin rubber tube with the length of 2.5 m; the miniature solar water pump is placed at the bottom of the water storage barrel, a water inlet of the water pump is wrapped by double-layer nylon silk stockings, the atomizing nozzle is arranged at the middle of the water collecting plastic cloth pad, the distance between the nozzle and the plastic cloth pad is 15cm, and the miniature solar water pump is powered by a solar panel;
(3) building an arch frame: the water storage barrel, the plastic cloth water collecting pad above the sloping field of the water storage barrel and the atomizing nozzle are built by bamboo chips, the height of the ground is about 30cm, the occupied area is 4m2The left and right arch frames are covered with black plastic cloth, the edges of the arch frames are compacted by soil, the arch frames and the black plastic cloth form a closed plastic arch film, the plastic arch film is pulled up to form a shading net or covered with leaves, weeds and other objects to shade the sunlight which is directly irradiated, and the sunlight is shaded to prevent the root system of the carya illinoensis from being damaged by overhigh air temperature in the arch shed;
(4) circulating spraying: when the key water-requiring period of the blooming and fruit-setting of the carya illinoensis is 3-5 months, the water storage barrel cover is unscrewed, when the solar panel irradiates the sun, the solar water pumping and spraying device in the plastic arch film starts to work, saturated water vapor is formed in the arch film, the part falling to the surface of the earth is adsorbed by the earth, the soil 3-5cm below the earth surface is kept moist, the minimum requirement of the blooming and fruit-setting of the carya illinoensis on water is guaranteed, water drops falling onto the plastic water collection pad naturally flow into the water storage barrel, and thus, water circulation is realized; the method is characterized in that Yunnan is in a low latitude plateau area, dry and wet seasons are clear, rainy seasons are concentrated in 6-11 months, rainfall accounts for more than 80% of the whole year, 12 months to the next 5 months are dry seasons, and planting of the mountain carya illinoensis faces seasonal drought and water shortage. The carya illinoensis is a deep-rooted (more than 3 meters underground) deciduous tree species, the carya illinoensis is in a no-leaf period from 11 late ten days to 3 months of the next year, the air temperature is relatively low, no leaf transpiration exists, the water consumption of the tree body is low, and the normal flower bud differentiation requirement can be met only by absorbing the water stored in deep soil in rainy seasons through root systems. The carya illinoensis tree starts to sprout in the early and middle 3 months, flowers and fruits are set in the late 4 months to the middle 5 months, and the drought seriously affects the flowering and fruit setting in the period, so that the yield is reduced, and water-saving irrigation is very key to guarantee the high yield in the current year; by utilizing the characteristics that rainfall in Yunnan is concentrated in 6-11 months, accounts for about 80% of annual rainfall and belongs to seasonal drought and engineering water shortage, rainwater is collected in a water storage barrel with the volume of 200 liters in rainy seasons, and the rainwater is covered and buried in soil below the crown of the carya illinoensis on the sloping field for later use; in the key period of special demand on moisture for blooming and fruit setting of the carya illinoensis from the first 3 th to the middle 5 th of the month, when the solar panel is irradiated by the sun, a solar spraying device which is arranged below a plastic arch film in advance starts to work, a solar water pumping sprayer atomizes water to form saturated water vapor in the arch film, the water vapor falling to the ground is adsorbed by soil, the soil 3-10 cm below the ground surface in the arch film keeps moist, the carya illinoensis absorption root system in the sloping field is distributed shallowly (5-20 cm below the ground) in the soil and has a root system water tendency habit, and the root system water absorption in the local range of the tree body below the arch film can guarantee the minimum demand on moisture for blooming and fruit setting of the tree body; the water drops falling on the plastic cloth water collecting pad above the water storage container naturally flow into the water storage container for recycling. The solar energy circulation spray water-saving irrigation under the hickory film realizes the effects of water saving and labor saving.
Example 4:
on the basis of the embodiment 1-3, the water collected by the water storage barrel in the step (1) is collected in rainy season, and is stored in advance, so that the sprinkling irrigation is conveniently carried out in spring and winter.
Example 5:
on the basis of the embodiments 1-4, the power of the miniature solar water pumping circulation sprayer in the step (2) is 30 watts, so that the miniature solar water pumping machine can work normally, and electricity is saved.
Example 6:
on the basis of the embodiments 1-5, the solar panel in the step (2) is placed outside the plastic arch film and well illuminated and is not shielded by a crown, and a power line of the solar panel is connected to the micro solar water pump under the plastic arch film, so that the solar panel can generate electricity conveniently.
Example 7:
on the basis of the embodiment 1-6, the lowest position of the water collecting plastic cloth pad above the water storage barrel is placed on the side wall of the water storage barrel, so that water on the plastic cloth can conveniently enter the water storage barrel to be collected, and the cyclic utilization of partial water is realized.
Example 8:
on the basis of the embodiments 1-7, the working time of the solar panel is 3 months and 5 months, so that electric energy is conveniently provided to meet the requirement of solar circulating spraying for spraying.
Compared with the traditional water pipe irrigation, the solar automatic circulating spray water-saving irrigation method for storing water under plastic films on the ground under thin-shell walnut trees planted in sloping fields saves water by 80 percent, 60 percent of working hours, 56 kilograms of yield increase per mu, 2120 yuan of income increase, 20 percent of water compared with drip irrigation, 34 percent of cost saving, 38 kilograms of yield increase per mu and 1540 yuan of income increase.
Although the invention has been described herein with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure. More specifically, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the disclosure and claims of this application. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, other uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A method for water-saving irrigation by solar circulating spray under film of thin-shelled carya cathayensis in spring mountainous regions is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
collecting and storing a water source: burying a 200L water storage barrel body with a barrel cover into soil below a crown of carya illinoensis in a sloping field, and paving a 2m water storage barrel on the ground2The left and right water-collecting plastic cloth pads are higher at the upper edge and lower in the inner wall of the water storage barrel, and the barrel cover is covered after the water storage barrel is filled with water;
(2) water pumping and spraying: a miniature solar water pumping and circulating sprayer is arranged in the water storage barrel, consists of a miniature solar water pumping machine and an atomizing nozzle and is connected by a thin rubber tube with the length of 2-3 m; the miniature solar water pumping machine is placed at the bottom of the water storage barrel, a water inlet of the water pumping machine is wrapped by double-layer nylon silk stockings, the atomizing nozzle is arranged at the middle of the water collecting plastic cloth pad, the distance between the nozzle and the plastic cloth pad is 10-20 cm, and the miniature solar water pumping machine is powered by a solar panel;
(3) building an arch frame: the water storage barrel, the plastic cloth water collecting pad above the sloping field of the water storage barrel and the atomizing nozzle are built by bamboo chips, the height of the ground is about 30cm, the occupied area is 4m2The left and right arch frames are covered with black plastic cloth, the edges are compacted by soil, the arch frames and the black plastic cloth form a closed plastic arch film, the plastic arch film is pulled up to form a shading net or covered with leaves, weeds and other objects to shade the directly irradiated sunA light;
(4) circulating spraying: when the key water-requiring period of the blooming and fruit-setting of the carya illinoensis is 3-5 months, the water storage barrel cover is unscrewed, when the solar panel irradiates the sun, the solar water pumping and spraying device in the plastic arch film starts to work, saturated water vapor is formed in the arch film, the part falling to the surface of the earth is adsorbed by the earth, the soil 3-5cm below the earth surface is kept moist, the minimum requirement of the blooming and fruit-setting of the carya illinoensis on water content can be guaranteed, water drops falling to the plastic water collection pad naturally flow into the water storage barrel, and therefore water circulation is achieved.
2. The method for solar-energy circular-spray water-saving irrigation under the film of the carya illinoensis in the spring mountainous region according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (2) collecting water collected by the water storage barrel in the step (1) in rainy seasons.
3. The method for solar-energy circular-spray water-saving irrigation under the film of the carya illinoensis in the spring mountainous region according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power of the miniature solar water pumping circulation sprayer in the step (2) is 30 watts.
4. The method for solar-energy circular-spray water-saving irrigation under the film of the carya illinoensis in the spring mountainous region according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) placing the solar panel outside the plastic arch film in a place which is well illuminated and not covered by a crown in the step (2), and connecting a power line of the solar panel to the micro solar water pump below the plastic arch film.
5. The method for solar-energy circular-spray water-saving irrigation under the film of the carya illinoensis in the spring mountainous region according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lowest position of the water collecting plastic cloth pad above the water storage barrel is placed on the side wall of the water storage barrel.
6. The method for solar-energy circular-spray water-saving irrigation under the film of the carya illinoensis in the spring mountainous region according to claim 1, characterized in that: the working time of the solar panel is 3-5 months.
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