CN111642349A - Wind and sand prevention method for cotton field in seedling stage and application - Google Patents
Wind and sand prevention method for cotton field in seedling stage and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN111642349A CN111642349A CN202010617390.2A CN202010617390A CN111642349A CN 111642349 A CN111642349 A CN 111642349A CN 202010617390 A CN202010617390 A CN 202010617390A CN 111642349 A CN111642349 A CN 111642349A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wind-proof and sand-resistant method for cotton field in seedling stage and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of cotton cultivation. The method comprises the steps of soil preparation: planting outer-layer windproof crops: planting cotton and inner layer windproof crops and field management. The method adopts a mode of planting the outer layer and the inner layer of the windproof crops, so that the damage of wind sand to the growth of cotton in the seedling stage is effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the inner layer of the windproof crops, namely the red dates, can retain water and fertilizer while reducing the wind speed, and can also improve the income.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cotton cultivation, in particular to a wind prevention and sand prevention method in a seedling stage of a cotton field and application.
Background
Cotton, annual woody, 0.6-1.5 m high, the twig is dredged by long hair, the leaf is broad in oval shape, the diameter is 5-12 cm, the length and width are nearly equal or wider, the base part is heart-shaped or heart-shaped truncated, the part is normally 3 shallow-split, the part is rarely 5-split, the middle split is normally deep-split to half of the leaf, the split is wide in triangle-shaped oval shape, the tip is protruded and tapered, the base part is wide, the upper part is nearly hairless, the periphlegmatic hair is rough, and the lower part is dredged by long and soft hair; the leaf stalk is 3-14 cm long, and is used for smoothing the skin and softening the hair; the leaf supporting is sickle-shaped in ovo, 5-8 mm long and falls early. Cotton has a long planting history as an important economic crop in China
However, factors affecting the cotton yield are more, such as plant diseases and insect pests, the growth of cotton is seriously affected by extreme weather in the seedling emergence period, the cotton seedlings are damaged by wind and sand, the planting enthusiasm of cotton coats is contused, and the construction of the windproof wallboard around the cotton field is a mode for reducing wind damage, but the windproof wallboard is not attractive, wastes resources and cannot generate economic value.
Therefore, how to improve the wind resistance and sand resistance of cotton in the seedling stage in the field is a problem which needs to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a wind and sand prevention method for cotton field in seedling stage and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preventing wind and sand in seedling stage of cotton field comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: ploughing, watering, fertilizing and weeding;
(2) planting outer-layer windproof crops: planting outer layer ledebouriella seseloides crop in the periphery of cotton field;
(3) planting cotton and inner layer windproof crops: cotton is planted in 6 rows of a film, 2-3 rows of inner-layer windproof crops are intercropped and planted every 6-8 rows of cotton, wherein the row spacing of the cotton is 25-35 cm, the plant spacing is 10-15 cm, the row spacing of the inner-layer windproof crops is 20-30 cm, the plant spacing is 15-25 cm, and the spacing between the inner-layer windproof crops and adjacent cotton rows is 45-60 cm;
(4) and (5) field management.
Preferably: the step (1) is specifically as follows: turning over the topsoil by 10-20 cm; enough bottom water is poured, and the irrigation quantity is 70-150 m per mu3(ii) a Accelerating the application of 150-250 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 50-100 kg/mu of farmyard manure; and (3) weeding in a closed soil mode, namely using 50-80 g/mu of acetochlor and 20-30 g/mu of aryloxy phenoxy propionate to turn over the surface soil by 2-5 cm in time.
The farmyard manure is obtained by fermenting common chicken, duck or cow dung and is applied together with a special compound fertilizer, so that the structure and the content of soil nutrient substances are favorably adjusted; after closed weeding, the weeding machine can turn over in time, thereby being beneficial to improving the weeding effect.
Preferably: and (3) planting 4-5 rows in the periphery of the cotton field in a staggered mode, wherein the outer-layer windproof crops in the step (2) are poplar trees, willow trees or a combination of poplar trees and willow trees, the row spacing is 1-1.5 m, and the plant spacing is 1-1.5 m.
By planting trees, the environment can be beautified, water body maintenance is promoted, the trees which are densely planted in a staggered mode play a role of a windproof forest, and wind speed can be reduced locally.
Preferably: and (3) the inner layer divaricate saposhnikovia root crop is a red date tree.
The jujube trees are selected as intercropping plants, on one hand, the jujube trees play a role in further reducing wind speed around cotton seedlings, and the red jujubes also belong to economic crops, intercropping with cotton can also generate certain economic value, which is beneficial to improving income, meanwhile, the space and the row spacing cannot be too wide, space is wasted, yield is influenced, too dense planting for pursuing yield can not cause competitive absorption and mutual interference of water and fertilizer, the jujube trees are planted among multiple rows of cotton rows through proper space, cotton growth is not influenced, water, soil and fertilizer can be preserved, and wind prevention and protection effects are achieved for cotton growth.
Preferably: the field management in the step (4) comprises the following steps: plant intervention and irrigation intervention.
Preferably: plant intervention: in the early planting stage, periodically inspecting the cotton field, and accelerating germination and supplementing seeds in time; spraying a pest and disease prevention agent regularly; when the plant grows to 3-5 leaves, the top of the plant is removed, and 3-5 branches grow on the cotton.
Spraying a medicament according to different local insect pests; the top of the plant is removed in time during the growth process, which is beneficial to promoting the growth of cotton and improving the yield.
Preferably: irrigation intervention: after cotton sowing, continuously irrigating 50-100 m of water every day3And irrigating once every 2-3 days after seedlings emerge regularly.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses the method for preventing wind and sand in the seedling stage of the cotton field and the application thereof, the technical effect is that the mode of planting the outer layer wind-proof crops and the inner layer wind-proof crops is adopted, the damage of wind and sand to the growth of the cotton in the seedling stage is effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the inner layer wind-proof crops red dates can be used for preserving water and fertilizer and increasing the income while reducing the wind speed; the nutrition requirements of cotton and jujube trees can be balanced by removing the tops of plants and proper planting intervals.
Detailed Description
The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a wind and sand prevention method for cotton field in the seedling stage and application thereof.
In the embodiment, the related single medicines are purchased from commercial channels, the methods which are not mentioned are all conventional experimental methods, and the selected cotton variety and the red date variety can be preferentially selected from high-yield varieties according to specific geological environments, so that the detailed description is omitted.
Example 1
A method for preventing wind and sand in seedling stage of cotton field comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: turning over the surface soil by 10 cm; enough bottom water is poured, the water irrigation quantity is 70m per mu3(ii) a 150 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 100 kg/mu of farmyard manure are applied in a forced mode; closed weeding is carried out on soil, 50 g/mu of acetochlor and 20 g/mu of aryloxy-phenoxy propionate are used, and the topsoil is ploughed by 2cm in time;
(2) planting outer-layer windproof crops: planting poplar trees on the periphery of a cotton field, planting 4 rows, planting in a staggered mode, wherein the row spacing is 1m, and the plant spacing is 1 m;
(3) planting cotton and inner layer windproof crops: planting cotton in 6 rows on one film, and intercropping and planting 2 rows of red date trees in 6 rows of cotton, wherein the row spacing of the cotton is 25cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, the row spacing of the red date trees is 20cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, and the row spacing of the red date trees and the adjacent cotton is 45 cm;
(4) field management: plant intervention and irrigation intervention.
Wherein, plant intervention: in the early planting stage, periodically inspecting the cotton field, and accelerating germination and supplementing seeds in time; spraying a pest and disease prevention agent regularly; when the plant grows to 3 leaves, the top of the plant is removed, and 3 branches grow on the cotton.
Irrigation intervention: after cotton sowing, the water for continuous irrigation is 50m every day3And irrigating once every 2 days after the seedlings emerge regularly.
Example 2
(1) Land preparation: ploughing the topsoil by 15 cm; irrigating water at the bottom of the foot, the irrigation quantity is 100m per mu3(ii) a Accelerating the application of 200 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 75 kg/mu of farmyard manure; weeding in closed soil, namely turning over the surface soil by 3cm in time by using 65 g/mu of acetochlor and 25 g/mu of aryloxy-phenoxy propionate;
(2) planting outer-layer windproof crops: 2 rows of poplar and 3 rows of willow are planted at the periphery of the cotton field in a staggered mode, the row spacing is 1.3m, and the plant spacing is 1.3 m;
(3) planting cotton and inner layer windproof crops: planting cotton in 6 rows on one film, and intercropping and planting 3 rows of red date trees in every 8 rows of cotton, wherein the row spacing of the cotton is 30cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, the row spacing of the red date trees is 25cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, and the row spacing of the red date trees and the adjacent cotton is 50 cm;
(4) field management: plant intervention and irrigation intervention.
Wherein, plant intervention: in the early planting stage, the cotton field is patrolled every day, and germination is accelerated and seeds are replenished in time; spraying a pest and disease prevention agent regularly; when the plant grows to 4 leaves, the top of the plant is removed, and the cotton is promoted to grow 4 branches.
Irrigation intervention: after cotton sowing, continuously irrigating 50-100 m of water every day3And irrigating once every 2 days after the seedlings emerge regularly.
Example 3
(1) Land preparation: turning 20cm of surface soil; irrigating sole water with the amount of 150m per mu3(ii) a 250 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 50 kg/mu of farmyard manure are applied in a forced mode; weeding in closed soil, namely turning over surface soil by 5cm in time by using 80 g/mu of acetochlor and 30 g/mu of aryloxy-phenoxy propionate;
(2) planting outer-layer windproof crops: planting poplar trees on the periphery of the cotton field, planting 5 rows, planting in a staggered mode, wherein the row spacing is 1.5m, and the plant spacing is 1.5 m;
(3) planting cotton and inner layer windproof crops: planting cotton in 6 rows on one film, and intercropping and planting 2 rows of red date trees in 6 rows of cotton, wherein the row spacing of the cotton is 35cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, the row spacing of the red date trees is 30cm, the plant spacing is 25cm, and the row spacing of the red date trees and the adjacent cotton is 60 cm;
(4) field management: plant intervention and irrigation intervention.
Wherein, plant intervention: in the early planting stage, periodically inspecting the cotton field, and accelerating germination and supplementing seeds in time; spraying a pest and disease prevention agent regularly; when the plant grows to 5 leaves, the top of the plant is removed, and the cotton is promoted to grow 5 branches.
Irrigation intervention: after cotton sowing, the water for continuous irrigation is 100m every day3And irrigating once every 3 days after the seedlings emerge regularly.
Comparative experiment
Four plots with proper soil quality and pH value are selected for planting experiment in a cotton field experiment base in Xinjiang.
Group 1 as in inventive example 2;
2 groups of plants which are not planted with outer layer divaricate saposhnikovia root crops, and the rest steps are the same as the example 2;
3 groups of windbreak crops with no inner layer are planted, and the other steps are the same as the example 2;
the difference between the 4 groups and the example 2 is that the spacing between the red jujube tree and the adjacent cotton line is the same as the spacing between the cotton lines, the top removing step of field management is not needed, and the rest is the same as the example 2.
Statistical cotton yield and growth data for each group are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
| Grouping | Yield (kg) | Effective cotton boll number per branch |
| Group 1 | 820.8 | 11～14 |
| 2 groups of | 517.2 | 4～10 |
| Group 3 | 623.4 | 5～9 |
| 4 groups of | 734.8 | 10～13 |
The result shows that under the condition of not planting the outer layer or the inner layer of the windproof crops, the destructive influence of the wind sand on the cotton is serious, so that the yield and the growth of the cotton are obviously influenced, and under the condition of planting the windproof crops, the planting distance between the jujube trees and the cotton rows and whether the tops and the branches are removed or not also influence the yield and the number of the cotton bolls of each branch.
Example 4
In 2018-2019 years, cotton is planted according to the method in the embodiment 2 in a certain area of Xinjiang, cotton farmers remove machine tillage cost, drip irrigation belts, mulching films, pesticides, chemical fertilizers, cotton picking and other expenses, net profits of cotton and red dates per mu are 1300-2000 yuan, and the net profits per year are improved by 15-20%.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preventing wind and sand in seedling stage of cotton field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land preparation: ploughing, watering, fertilizing and weeding;
(2) planting outer-layer windproof crops: planting outer layer ledebouriella seseloides crop in the periphery of cotton field;
(3) planting cotton and inner layer windproof crops: cotton is planted in 6 rows of a film, 2-3 rows of inner-layer windproof crops are intercropped and planted every 6-8 rows of cotton, wherein the row spacing of the cotton is 25-35 cm, the plant spacing is 10-15 cm, the row spacing of the inner-layer windproof crops is 20-30 cm, the plant spacing is 15-25 cm, and the spacing between the inner-layer windproof crops and adjacent cotton rows is 45-60 cm;
(4) and (5) field management.
2. The method for preventing wind and sand in the seedling stage of the cotton field according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) is specifically as follows: turning over the topsoil by 10-20 cm; enough bottom water is poured, and the irrigation quantity is 70-150 m per mu3(ii) a Accelerating the application of 150-250 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 50-100 kg/mu of farmyard manure; and (3) weeding in a closed soil mode, namely using 50-80 g/mu of acetochlor and 20-30 g/mu of aryloxy phenoxy propionate to turn over the surface soil by 2-5 cm in time.
3. The method for preventing wind and sand in seedling stage of cotton field as claimed in claim 2, wherein said outer layer wind-proof crop in step (2) is any one of poplar and willow or their combination, 4-5 rows are planted on the periphery of cotton field, and they are alternatively planted, the row spacing is 1-1.5 m, and the plant spacing is 1-1.5 m.
4. The method for preventing wind and sand in seedling stage of cotton field in claim 3, wherein the inner layer wind crop in the step (3) is red jujube tree.
5. The method for preventing wind and sand in the seedling stage of the cotton field as claimed in claim 4, wherein the field management in the step (4) comprises the following steps: plant intervention and irrigation intervention.
6. The method for preventing wind and sand in seedling stage of cotton field according to claim 5, characterized in that the plant intervention: in the early planting stage, periodically inspecting the cotton field, and accelerating germination and supplementing seeds in time; spraying a pest and disease prevention agent regularly; when the plant grows to 3-5 leaves, the top of the plant is removed, and 3-5 branches grow on the cotton.
7. The method for preventing wind and sand in seedling stage of cotton field according to claim 5, characterized in that the irrigation intervention: after cotton sowing, continuously irrigating 50-100 m of water every day3And irrigating once every 2-3 days after seedlings emerge regularly.
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| CN202010617390.2A CN111642349A (en) | 2020-07-01 | 2020-07-01 | Wind and sand prevention method for cotton field in seedling stage and application |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112369297A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-02-19 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for preventing wind and sand disasters of cotton |
| CN114128571A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-04 | 广州极飞科技股份有限公司 | Wind and sand prevention planting method, planting equipment and wind and sand prevention planting system |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103238435A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-08-14 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for constructing cotton population structure of jujube and cotton intercropping drip irrigation cotton field in Xinjiang |
| CN103988703A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-08-20 | 新疆林科院经济林研究所 | Planting and irrigating method for intercropping of red date trees and cotton |
| CN108077008A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-29 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | A kind of guard method of Arid Sandy Areas oasis forward position plant seedling growth |
-
2020
- 2020-07-01 CN CN202010617390.2A patent/CN111642349A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103238435A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-08-14 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for constructing cotton population structure of jujube and cotton intercropping drip irrigation cotton field in Xinjiang |
| CN103988703A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-08-20 | 新疆林科院经济林研究所 | Planting and irrigating method for intercropping of red date trees and cotton |
| CN108077008A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-29 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | A kind of guard method of Arid Sandy Areas oasis forward position plant seedling growth |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112369297A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-02-19 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for preventing wind and sand disasters of cotton |
| CN114128571A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-04 | 广州极飞科技股份有限公司 | Wind and sand prevention planting method, planting equipment and wind and sand prevention planting system |
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