CN111631100A - A Water-saving Irrigation Technology for Early-maturing Potatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a water-saving irrigation technology for early-maturing potatoes. The watering amount in the whole growth period is controlled at 110 m ³ /mu, and watering is performed in stages, specifically, watering 16.5 m ³ /mu when 50% of the seedlings emerge; Water 22m ³ /mu when the plants begin to bloom; water 27.5m 3 /mu when the plants begin to bloom; water 27.5m ³ /mu when 50% of the plants bloom; water 16.5m ³ /mu when 50% of the plants fall ^; The growth characteristics and water requirements of potatoes in each period should be irrigated in a reasonable amount, and the irrigation process should be improved, and the frequency of irrigation should be controlled to make the irrigation water have the maximum utilization rate and meet the point of the growth period. The yield per mu is not reduced, and the water saving per mu can reach more than 30% compared with ordinary furrow irrigation.

Description

A Water-saving Irrigation Technology for Early-maturing Potatoes

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a water-saving irrigation technology for early-maturing potatoes.

Background technique

Global agriculture in the 21st century faces two major challenges: one is to continuously increase food production to meet the needs of population growth, and the other is to cope with the problem of dwindling water resources while increasing food production. Potato is favored and valued by the world for its high yield and high efficiency, wide adaptability, complete and rich nutrients, and long industrial chain. In recent years, China's potato planting area has also shown a rising trend, and it is the country with the largest potato planting area in the world.

However, with the increase of population, the development of cities and industries, the change of global climate and the aggravation of environmental pollution, the water resources used for crop irrigation are becoming more and more scarce, and water-saving irrigation is highly valued. Early-maturing potatoes have a short growth period after emergence, and improper watering can easily lead to waste of water resources, resulting in weak or leggy growth of potato seedlings, resulting in low yield and poor quality of commercial potatoes.

Therefore, in order to obtain high-quality commercial potatoes for early-maturing potatoes, it is very important to master the irrigation period, amount of irrigation, and irrigation methods, and the characteristics of existing technical resources, how to provide a water-saving irrigation and can achieve high-yield potato planting technology is in the field Problems that technicians need to solve urgently.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the present invention provides a water-saving irrigation technology for early-maturing potatoes, which controls irrigation according to the characteristics of each growth period of the potato, so as to achieve the purpose of water saving and high yield.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A water-saving irrigation technology for early-maturing potatoes, the watering amount is controlled at ^110m3 /mu throughout the growth period, and the watering is carried out in stages, and the details are as follows:

Seedling stage: start watering when 50% of the seedlings emerge, and the watering amount is ^16.5m3 /mu;

Budding stage: start watering when 50% of the plants are budding, and the watering amount is ^22m3 /mu;

Early flowering stage: water when the plant begins to bloom, and the watering amount is ^27.5m3 /mu;

Full blooming period: start watering when 50% of the plants bloom, and the watering amount is ^27.5m3 /mu;

Flowering period: start watering when 50% of the plants fall, and the watering amount is 16.5m ³ /mu.

Further, the watering in the seedling stage is specifically the first watering when 50% of the seedlings emerge, and the watering amount is 8m ³ /mu, and the second watering is performed at intervals of 5 to 7 days, and the watering amount is 8.5 m ³ /mu.

The beneficial effect of above-mentioned further technical scheme is: emergence to pregnant bud, also when the 6th or 8th leaf unfolds, with root, stem, leaf growth as the center, the formation and elongation of stolons and the differentiation of flower buds are accompanied simultaneously, it is to constitute strong. The foundation of seedlings lasts about 10 to 15 days, and the water requirement during this period accounts for 10% to 15% of the whole growth period; it is advisable to maintain about 60% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field in a 40cm soil layer. When the soil moisture is less than 40% , poor stem and leaf growth.

Further, the watering in the sprouting period is specifically watering for the first time when 50% of the plants are sprouting, and the watering amount is ^10m3 /mu, and the second watering is carried out at intervals of 7 days, and the watering amount is ^12m3 . /mu.

The beneficial effect of above-mentioned further technical scheme is: from gestational bud to the beginning of flowering, tuber begins to form now, and plant enters vegetative growth and reproductive growth concurrently, and turns to aboveground stem and leaf growth and underground tuber by the growth of above-ground stem and leaf as the center. The formation is carried out at the same time, which is the key period for determining the number of tubers, which lasts about 15 to 20 days; the water consumption in the tuber formation stage during this period accounts for 20% to 23% of the whole growth period; the 60cm soil layer maintains about 75% of the field water capacity It is appropriate to promote the vigorous growth of stems and leaves and early tuber formation; the signs of severe water shortage in this period are the early fall of flower buds, slow plant growth, dark green leaves, and thick leaves.

Further, the watering of the described early flowering stage is specifically watered for the first time when the plant begins to bloom, and the watering amount is 9m ³ / mu, and the second watering is carried out at intervals of 5 days, and the watering amount is 9 m ³ / mu, The third watering was carried out at intervals of 3 to 5 days, and the watering amount was 9.5 m ³ /mu.

The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned further technical scheme are as follows: the tuber begins to expand at this stage, which is a key period for determining the large tuber rate; the tuber begins to expand, and the water consumption accounts for about 25% of the whole growth period; 60cm soil layer maintains 80% of the field water capacity. % to 85% is appropriate, the shoots and leaves grow rapidly on the ground, and the water demand is large, and the lack of water will cause yield reduction.

Further, the watering in the full blooming period is specifically watering for the first time when 50% of the plants are in bloom, the watering amount is 13.5 m ³ /mu, and the second watering is performed at intervals of 3 to 5 days, and the watering amount is: ^13m3 /mu.

The beneficial effect of above-mentioned further technical scheme is: this period is the most vigorous period of growth of stems and leaves on the ground, and is also the period centered on the growth of the volume and weight of the tuber, and the swelling speed of the tuber is very fast, which is to determine the maximum potato rate and output. In important periods, the water consumption accounts for more than 25% of the whole growth period; it is advisable to maintain 80% to 85% of the field water capacity in the 60cm soil layer, and the growth of shoots and leaves on the ground reaches the peak, and the water demand is large, and the lack of water will cause a large amount of water. Cut production.

Further, the watering during the flowering period is specifically watering for the first time when 50% of the plants have fallen flowers, the watering amount is 9 m ³ /mu, and the second watering is carried out at intervals of 5 to 7 days, and the watering amount is 7.5 m3/mu. ^m3 /mu.

The beneficial effect of the above-mentioned further technical scheme is: open this period flower and fruiting is close to the end, the growth of stems and leaves gradually becomes slow or stops, and the lower leaves of the plant begin to senesce, turn yellow and wither, enter the starch accumulation stage, and the stored in the stems and leaves on the ground at this stage. Nutrients continue to be delivered to the tubers, and the volume of the tubers basically no longer increases, but the weight continues to increase. Starch accumulation is the main factor; in tuber starch accumulation period, excessive water is not needed, and the water consumption accounts for 10% to 15% of the whole growth period; it is advisable to maintain about 60% of the field water capacity in a 60cm soil layer. Excessive humidity causes rotten seedlings, which is not conducive to the aging of potato skins, and it is easy to cause potato skin damage during transportation.

Preferably, the irrigation is drip irrigation and adopts the drip irrigation technology under the film.

The beneficial effects of the above preferred technical solutions are: drip irrigation under the film avoids the loss caused by excessive evaporation of water, and ensures the maximum utilization rate of irrigation water.

Through the above technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a water-saving irrigation technology for early-maturing potatoes, which can carry out reasonable and appropriate irrigation according to the growth characteristics and water requirements of early-maturing potatoes in various periods, and improve the irrigation process and control the irrigation. frequency, so that the irrigation water has the maximum utilization rate and is in line with the growth period. Under other normal management conditions, the yield per mu of early-maturing potatoes does not decrease. Compared with ordinary furrow irrigation, the water saving per mu can reach more than 30%.

Description of drawings

In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only It is an embodiment of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative work.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the effect of water amount on potato yield-related traits in Example 1 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The experiment was carried out at the experimental base of Shijiazhuang City Agricultural and Forestry Research Institute, Zhao County from March to July 2019. The moisture content of potatoes before sowing was the same, and there was no difference in field fertilization and pest control.

The experiment consisted of 6 water treatments (Table 1), single-factor randomized block design, and repeated 3 times. Furrow irrigation was used for the control, drip irrigation was used for other treatments, and the water meter was used to measure the amount of irrigation. Sowing on March 13, double ridge planting, large row spacing 110cm, small row spacing 20cm, plant spacing 25cm, density 4300 plants/mu. 3-row area, the row length is 63m, and the plot area is 210.7m ² .

Table 1 Irrigation rate test design table (m ³ /mu)

deal with seedling stage budding period early flowering full bloom Falling period Irrigation amount CK furrow irrigation 1/2 groove 2/3 groove 3/4 groove 3/4 groove 1/2 groove Water meter measurement (170.3) 1 7.5 10 12.5 12.5 7.5 50 2 12 16 20 20 12 80 3 16.5 twenty two 27.5 27.5 16.5 110 4 twenty one 28 35 35 twenty one 140 5 25.5 34 42.5 42.5 25.5 170

(Note: Statistics on the irrigation volume of CK ditch, the irrigation volume is 170.3m ³ /mu)

Field management: Use a potato planter to ditch, sow, fertilize, lay drip irrigation tape, ridge, and mulch at one time. Uniform fertilization amount; 100kg of compound fertilizer (high potassium) per mu is applied as base fertilizer at one time. Cultivation and soil covering once each. In the seedling stage (April 22), apply 8kg of water-soluble fertilizer per mu with water; in the budding stage (May 6th), apply 5kg of water-soluble fertilizer per mu with water; in the full bloom period (May 22), apply 5kg of water-soluble fertilizer per mu. Disease prevention on May 15th, thiamethoxam + Baifa Baizhong; May 24th, pest control, thiamethoxam + thiamethoxam + high-efficiency cypermethrin + acetaminophen + ethyl allicin + potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

The effect of different water amounts on the shape of potato yield is shown in Figure 1. It can be seen from Figure 1 that the total yield: the yields of treatment 2 and treatment 4 were 3409.9kg/mu and 3243.2kg/mu respectively, which were significantly lower than the CK yield of 4092.2 kg/mu. The yield of treatment 1 was 3716.6 kg/mu, which was significantly lower than that of CK, but significantly higher than that of treatments 2 and 4. The yields of treatment 3 and treatment 5 were 4034.8kg/mu and 4099.3kg/mu, respectively, which had no difference with CK, but were significantly higher than other treatments, saving 35.4% and 0.2% of water compared with CK, respectively.

In terms of commercial potato yield: the yields of commercial potato in Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 were 3210.7kg/mu and 3212.8kg/mu, respectively, which were lower than CK, but the difference was not significant. The yields of commercial potato in treatment 3 and treatment 5 were 3726.7kg/667m ² and 3732.4kg/mu, respectively, ranking the second and first, and had no difference with CK, but were significantly higher than other treatments. The yield of commercial potato in treatment 4 was 2962.7 kg/mu, which was significantly lower than that of other treatments.

In terms of commodity potato rate: the highest rate of commodity potato in treatment 2 is 94.4%; the second is treatment 3, which is 92.4%. The CK with the lowest rate of commercial potato was 86.2%; followed by treatment 1 was 86.4%. The rate of commercial potato in treatment 4 and treatment 5 was in the middle, which were 91.4% and 91.1%, respectively.

Conclusion: Treatment 3 saves 35.4% of water compared with the control, the yield is no different from the control, and the commercial potato rate is 6.2% higher than that of the control. From the comprehensive evaluation of water saving, yield and commercial potato rate, treatment 3 irrigation amount of 110m ³ /mu is the best choice.

The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (7)

1. A water-saving irrigation technique for early-maturing potato features that the water quantity in whole growing period is controlled to 110m³Watering in sections per mu, which comprises the following steps:

and (3) seedling stage: watering is started when 50% of seedlings emerge, and the watering amount is 16.5m³Per mu;

in the bud stage: watering is started when 50 percent of the plants bud, and the watering amount is 22m³Per mu;

at the initial flowering stage: watering when the plants begin to bloom, wherein the watering amount is 27.5m³Per mu;

full-bloom stage: 50% of plants begin to be watered when they bloom, and the watering amount is 27.5m³Per mu;

and (3) a flowering period: watering is started when 50% of plants fall, and the watering amount is 16.5m³Per mu.

2. The water-saving irrigation technology for early-maturing potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the watering in the seedling stage is seedling emergenceWatering for the first time at 50% with water amount of 8m³Watering for the second time at intervals of 5-7 days for 8.5m per mu³Per mu.

3. The water-saving irrigation technique for precocious potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the watering in bud stage is carried out for the first time when 50% of the plants have buds, and the watering amount is 10m³Watering for the second time at an interval of 7 days for 12m per mu³Per mu.

4. The water-saving irrigation technique for early-maturing potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the watering in the initial stage is performed for the first time when the plants start to bloom, and the watering amount is 9m³Watering for the second time at intervals of 5 days for 9m per mu³Watering for the third time at intervals of 3-5 days for each mu, wherein the watering amount is 9.5m³Per mu.

5. The water-saving irrigation technique for early-maturing potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the watering in full-bloom stage is the first watering when 50% of plants bloom, and the watering amount is 13.5m³Watering for the second time at intervals of 3-5 days for each mu, wherein the watering amount is 13m³Per mu.

6. The water-saving irrigation technique for early-maturing potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the watering in the flowering stage is the first watering when 50% of plants fall, and the watering amount is 9m³Watering for the second time at intervals of 5-7 days for 7.5m per mu³Per mu.

7. The water-saving irrigation technology for the early-maturing potatoes as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the irrigation is drip irrigation and a sub-film drip irrigation technology is adopted.

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