CN111630294A - 用于振动阻尼器的阻尼阀 - Google Patents

用于振动阻尼器的阻尼阀 Download PDF

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CN111630294A
CN111630294A CN201880076766.4A CN201880076766A CN111630294A CN 111630294 A CN111630294 A CN 111630294A CN 201880076766 A CN201880076766 A CN 201880076766A CN 111630294 A CN111630294 A CN 111630294A
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spring
disk
elastomer coating
valve
elastomer
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A·克内泽维奇
J·罗塞勒
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/34—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
    • F16F9/348—Throttling passages in the form of annular discs or other plate-like elements which may or may not have a spring action, operating in opposite directions or singly, e.g. annular discs positioned on top of the valve or piston body
    • F16F9/3488—Throttling passages in the form of annular discs or other plate-like elements which may or may not have a spring action, operating in opposite directions or singly, e.g. annular discs positioned on top of the valve or piston body characterised by features intended to affect valve bias or pre-stress
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
    • F16F3/08—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber
    • F16F3/10—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber combined with springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction
    • F16F3/12—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of a material having high internal friction, e.g. rubber combined with springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction the steel spring being in contact with the rubber spring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/34—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
    • F16F9/3415—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages characterised by comprising plastics, elastomeric or porous elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/34—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
    • F16F9/348—Throttling passages in the form of annular discs or other plate-like elements which may or may not have a spring action, operating in opposite directions or singly, e.g. annular discs positioned on top of the valve or piston body
    • F16F9/3484—Throttling passages in the form of annular discs or other plate-like elements which may or may not have a spring action, operating in opposite directions or singly, e.g. annular discs positioned on top of the valve or piston body characterised by features of the annular discs per se, singularly or in combination
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/34—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
    • F16F9/348—Throttling passages in the form of annular discs or other plate-like elements which may or may not have a spring action, operating in opposite directions or singly, e.g. annular discs positioned on top of the valve or piston body
    • F16F9/3485—Throttling passages in the form of annular discs or other plate-like elements which may or may not have a spring action, operating in opposite directions or singly, e.g. annular discs positioned on top of the valve or piston body characterised by features of supporting elements intended to guide or limit the movement of the annular discs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/02—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
    • F16K17/04—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded
    • F16K17/0493—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded with a spring other than a helicoidal spring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
    • F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
    • F16F2224/0208—Alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
    • F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
    • F16F2224/025—Elastomers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于振动阻尼器的阻尼阀，该阻尼阀包括具有至少一个通过通道(13；15)的阻尼阀体(7)，该通过通道由至少一个阀盘(23)至少部分地覆盖，其中阀盘(23)由平面弹簧(27)预加载到阀座面(29)上，其中弹簧(27)的接触区域具有弹性体涂覆物(41)。

Description

用于振动阻尼器的阻尼阀
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据专利权利要求1的前序部分所述的用于振动阻尼器的阻尼阀。
背景技术
DE 10 2010 039 196 A1描述了一种用于振动阻尼器的阻尼阀，其中星形弹簧作为平面弹簧的可能的结构形式附加到倾斜盘上，该倾斜盘影响星形弹簧的弹簧特性。在倾斜盘具有较大直径的情况下，强化了星形弹簧。除了星形弹簧之外，通常还应用碟形弹簧，这些碟形弹簧同样可视为平面弹簧。
在DE 10 2015 206 022 A1中采取了另外的方法来影响阀盘的提升行为。使用由刚性的支撑盘保持的弹性体元件。阀盘本身由弹簧钢制成为简单的金属盘。
原理上，其中阀盘出于高的驾驶舒适性而被相对较弱地预加载的阻尼阀倾向于自身振动。为了避免这种自身振动，至少一个阀盘被比针对舒适但仍然可靠的底盘设定所可能需要的更多地预加载。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，使阻尼阀的这个舒适性损耗范围最小化。
该目的通过如下方式来实现：弹簧的接触区域具有弹性体涂覆物。
借助于平面弹簧的弹性体涂覆物进行共振移位，在该共振移位中，在对振动阻尼器进行低频激励的情况下就可以实现阀盘的提升运动，而不会出现干扰的噪声。
在简单并且更换可靠的装配方面，弹簧在两侧均可以具有弹性体涂覆物。然而，两侧的弹性体涂覆物也可以用于：阻尼阀的第一盖面上的弹性体涂覆物在弹簧刚度方面与第二盖面的弹性体涂覆物相异。这种涂覆物布置例如可以藉由弹簧来影响阀盘的提升特性，于是该弹簧在确定的弹簧行程之后以其第二盖面抵靠第二弹簧或支撑盘并且随后第二弹性体涂覆物确定另外的变形路径并且由此确定提升特性。
原理上，对于平面弹簧而言可以提供本身已知的碟形弹簧。优选地，平面弹簧被实施为具有多个弹簧臂的星形弹簧。
不仅可以以与弹簧的盖面相关的方式来改变弹簧刚度，而且还可以提出：星形弹簧的一个弹簧臂的弹性体涂覆物的弹簧刚度不同于另一个弹簧臂的弹性体涂覆物的弹簧刚度。于是与具有更小的支撑力的支撑区域相比实现弹簧的具有更大的支撑力的支撑区域。因此，阀盘以限定的方式始终在圆周区域处提升，其中存在最小的支撑力。同样由此可以避免不期望的噪声。
在弹性体涂覆物的耐用性方面，至少一个弹簧臂的侧边缘还具有弹性体涂覆物。
额外地，为了更好地固定弹性体涂覆物，弹簧臂可以具有用于接收弹性体材料的凹口。
具体实施方式
图1示出具有被阻尼介质填充的缸体3的振动阻尼器1的局部，活塞杆5以可轴向运动的方式在该缸体中受到引导。活塞杆5携带作为阻尼阀体的活塞7，该活塞将缸体3划分成活塞杆侧的工作空间9和远离活塞杆的工作空间11。
活塞7具有针对由于活塞杆运动而导致的阻尼介质的分离的流经方向的通过通道13；15。在压缩活塞杆侧的工作空间9时，通过通道13的出口开口至少部分地被刚性的、与螺旋压力弹簧19连接的阀盘17覆盖。因此通常应用所谓的预打开盘21。这种阀结构然而仅可视为示例性的。
用于在相反方向上流经通过通道的出口开口至少部分地被阀盘23覆盖。在这个示例中，该阀盘被实施为弹性的，并且具有在内直径旁的夹紧区域25。替代性地，也可以使用刚性的阀盘，该刚性的阀盘从阻尼阀体或活塞7的盖面全面提升。
阀盘23被呈本身已知的碟形弹簧27的结构形式的平面弹簧预加载到阀座面29上。布置在碟形弹簧27上方的刚性的支撑盘31在阀盘23进行提升运动时限定碟形弹簧27的变形路径。为此，支撑盘31在朝向星形弹簧27的方向上具有轮廓，该轮廓从具有外倾斜边缘35的夹紧面33开始径向向外延伸。倾斜边缘35邻接斜面37，该斜面过渡至用于碟形弹簧27的接触面39。活塞7中的通过通道15与阀盘和碟形弹簧27一起构成用于活塞7的一个运动方向的阻尼阀28。
此外，碟形弹簧27的与阀盘23接触的区域具有弹性体涂覆物，该弹性体涂覆物在此情况下被实施在第一盖面43和第二盖面45上。如在碟形弹簧27的左侧的截面区域与右侧的截面区域的比较中示出的，弹性体涂覆物在圆周区域上的径向定位可以发生改变。同样可以在圆周上不均匀地设计成型部或例如涂覆物高度。
如根据图2的细节局部示出，第一盖面43上的弹性体涂覆物41可以在弹簧刚度方面与第二盖面45的弹性体涂覆物41相异。
在阀盘23进行提升运动时，弹性体涂覆物41和碟形弹簧27如同两个串联弹簧41；27一样起作用。然而，与层状的碟形弹簧相比，避免了阀盘23与碟形弹簧27之间的金属接触。同样的情况适用于碟形弹簧27与支撑盘31之间的接触。根据弹力特性曲线，要么首先使弹性体涂覆物41轴向更强烈地预加载，要么首先使碟形弹簧27的金属芯变形。可以实现碟形弹簧特性曲线27的软的初始设置，而不必使阀盘23处于共振。
当碟形弹簧27以其顶面或第二盖面45撞击支撑盘31时，于是同样可以不出现撞击噪声并且支撑力不是突然开始的，而是取决于弹性体涂覆物41的几何形状来增加的。
图3将展示，平面弹簧并不限于碟形弹簧，而是也可以被实施为具有多个弹簧臂47的星形弹簧27。
借助于星形弹簧27还可以实现更小的闭合力，并且通过将弹簧体积分成多个弹簧臂47，弹簧臂47可以具有不同的几何形状并且相互独立地偏转。此外存在如下可能性：星形弹簧27的一个弹簧臂47的弹性体涂覆物41的弹簧刚度不同于另一个弹簧臂47的弹性体涂覆物41的弹簧刚度。不同之处例如还可以在于材料选择。其他参数已示例性地结合碟形弹簧列举。
图4将示出，至少一个弹簧臂47的侧边缘49也可以具有弹性体涂覆物41。弹性体涂覆物41沿周向方向的荷载可以更容易地经由侧边缘49来支撑。额外地，弹簧臂47可以具有用于接收弹性体材料的凹口51，以便除了与星形弹簧的材料配合连接之外还实现与该星形弹簧的形状配合连接。在图5中以截面展示了这种形状配合连接53。
附图标记清单
1 振动阻尼器
3 缸体
5 活塞杆
7 活塞
9 活塞杆侧的工作空间
11 远离活塞杆的工作空间
13；15 通过通道
17 阀盘
19 螺旋压力弹簧
21 预打开盘
23 阀盘
25 夹紧区域
27 星形弹簧
28 阻尼阀
29 阀座面
31 支撑盘
33 夹紧面
35 倾斜边缘
37 斜面
39 接触面
41 弹性体涂覆物
43 第一盖面
45 第二盖面
47 弹簧臂
49 侧边缘
51 凹口
53 形状配合连接

Claims (7)

1.一种用于振动阻尼器的阻尼阀，所述阻尼阀包括具有至少一个通过通道(13；15)的阻尼阀体(7)，所述通过通道由至少一个阀盘(23)至少部分地覆盖，其中所述阀盘(23)由平面弹簧(27)预加载到阀座面(29)上，其特征在于，所述弹簧(27)的接触区域具有弹性体涂覆物(41)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻尼阀，其特征在于，所述弹簧(27)在两侧均具有弹性体涂覆物(41)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的阻尼阀，其特征在于，第一盖面(43)上的弹性体涂覆物(41)在弹簧刚度方面与第二盖面(45)的弹性体涂覆物(41)相异。
4.根据权利要求1所述的阻尼阀，其特征在于，所述平面弹簧(27)被实施为具有多个弹簧臂(47)的星形弹簧。
5.根据权利要求4所述的阻尼阀，其特征在于，所述星形弹簧(27)的一个弹簧臂(47)的弹性体涂覆物(41)的弹簧刚度不同于另一个弹簧臂(47)的弹性体涂覆物(41)的弹簧刚度。
6.根据权利要求4所述的阻尼阀，其特征在于，至少一个弹簧臂(47)的侧边缘(49)具有弹性体涂覆物(41)。
7.根据权利要求4所述的阻尼阀，其特征在于，所述弹簧臂(47)具有用于接收弹性体材料的凹口(51)。
CN201880076766.4A 2017-11-27 2018-10-25 用于振动阻尼器的阻尼阀 Pending CN111630294A (zh)

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DE102017221122.9A DE102017221122B4 (de) 2017-11-27 2017-11-27 Dämpfventil für einen Schwingungsdämpfer
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PCT/EP2018/079254 WO2019101465A1 (de) 2017-11-27 2018-10-25 Dämpfventil für einen schwingungsdämpfer

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