CN111621901A - 一种智能感应聚酰亚胺复合面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种智能感应聚酰亚胺复合面料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111621901A
CN111621901A CN202010425856.9A CN202010425856A CN111621901A CN 111621901 A CN111621901 A CN 111621901A CN 202010425856 A CN202010425856 A CN 202010425856A CN 111621901 A CN111621901 A CN 111621901A
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polyimide
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吴珂
曹飞颖
郁火良
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Hangzhou Langrun Textile Co ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/14—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
    • D04B1/16—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials synthetic threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/144—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/224—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic acid
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/50—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with organometallic compounds; with organic compounds containing boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium atoms
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M2101/32—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M2101/34—Polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]

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  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及材料技术领域，特别涉及一种智能感应聚酰亚胺复合面料及其制备方法。所述复合面料采用聚酰亚胺纤维与生态感应纤维复合而成。制备的面料能够自我感知面料的清洁度，面料可以根据面料上沾染的污染物的多少改变面料自身的颜色。

Description

一种智能感应聚酰亚胺复合面料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及材料技术领域，特别涉及一种智能感应聚酰亚胺复合面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚酰亚胺纤维是一种新型特种纤维，指分子链中含有芳酰亚胺环的纤维。聚酰亚胺纤维具有高强度、高模量、耐高温、阻燃、防辐射、耐化学腐蚀等优点，在原子能工业、空间环境、航空航天、国防建设、新型建筑、高速交通工具、海洋开发、体育器械、新能源、环境产业以及防护用具等领域具有良好的应用前景。
聚酰亚胺纤维可以用于制备相应的面料，可以用于多种环境。如果能够对聚酰亚胺纤维制备的面料进行污染状况进行直观了解掌控，将会具有很好的应用前景。因为，在对面料的污染状况得到实时了解后，可以及时地确定是否继续使用。这在生活及生产中是必要的。
另外，目前的聚酰亚胺纤维通常都是通过干法或湿法纺丝而成，存在单体价格昂贵，毒性大、纤维性能低等缺点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于扩大聚酰亚胺纤维的应用范围，开发一种新的面料产品，提供一种智能感应聚酰亚胺复合面料及其制备方法 。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种智能感应聚酰亚胺复合面料，所述复合面料采用聚酰亚胺纤维与生态感应纤维复合而成。
优选的，生态感应纤维采用感菌变色剂与纤维或纱线结合而成。
优选的，感菌变色剂为天然感菌萃取物或感菌变色油墨。
优选的，生态感应纤维为聚酯纤维或锦纶纤维。
一种智能感应聚酰亚胺复合面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将感菌变色剂与纱线结合制成感菌变色纱线；
（2）将感菌变色纱线与聚酰亚胺纱线纺织制成基布。
优选的，所述感菌变色纱线采用浸渍处理制备而成，具体包括：
a将以下重量百分比的物料混合，各物料组成为：感菌变色油墨或天然萃取剂3-5%、氢氧化锂1-3%，硅烷偶联剂0.5-1%，邻苯二甲酸酯0.1-0.2%，乙醇30-40%，余量为水，各组分混合成浸渍处理液；
b将待处理纤维或纱线浸入上述浸渍处理液中；
c在温度55-60℃下处理0.5-1h；
d然后在蒸汽下处理15-30min；
e然后在150-200℃下烘干处理20-30min。
一种聚酰亚胺纤维的制备方法为：
将聚酰胺酸溶液经过凝固、水洗、干燥、环化和牵伸得到聚酰亚胺纤维；
将聚酰胺酸溶液，具体是在酸解离常数为5.0-6.5的非质子极性溶剂中挤出形成聚酰亚胺酸纤维；
将聚酰胺酸纤维在水中进行水洗；
然后聚酰胺酸纤维进行热亚胺化处理，得到聚酰亚胺初生纤维；
将所述聚酰酸纤维一边加热一边拉伸，形成聚酰亚胺纤维；
制得的聚酰亚胺纤维的弹性模量为4000MPa~10000GPa，断裂强度为500-800MPa。
本发明的有益效果是：制备的面料能够自我感知面料的清洁度，面料可以根据面料上沾染的污染物的多少改变面料自身的颜色。从而能够准确地掌握面料的清洁状况。同时，本申请提供了一种一体化成型的聚酰亚胺纤维的制备方法，通过该方法可以采用一步法制备得到聚酰亚胺，克服目前的聚酰亚胺的制备方法所存在的缺点。
具体实施方式
现在将进一步细化代表性实施方案。应当理解，以下描述并非旨在将实施方案限制于一个优选实施方案。相反，其旨在涵盖可被包括在由所附权利要求限定的所述实施方案的实质和范围内的替代形式、修改形式和等同形式。
首先，采用以下方法制备所需的聚酰亚胺纤维，制备方法为：
将聚酰胺酸溶液经过凝固、水洗、干燥、环化和牵伸得到聚酰亚胺纤维；
将聚酰胺酸溶液，具体是在酸解离常数为5.0-6.5的非质子极性溶剂中挤出形成聚酰亚胺酸纤维；
将聚酰胺酸纤维在水中进行水洗；
然后聚酰胺酸纤维进行热亚胺化处理，得到聚酰亚胺初生纤维；
将所述聚酰酸纤维一边加热一边拉伸，形成聚酰亚胺纤维；
制得的聚酰亚胺纤维的弹性模量为4000MPa~10000GPa，断裂强度为500-800MPa。
制得的聚酰亚胺纤维的断裂伸长率在7-12%之间。
并且该方法使得单体价格降低，且纤维的综合性能较高。
同时，提供了一种智能感应聚酰亚胺复合面料，所述复合面料采用聚酰亚胺纤维与生态感应纤维复合而成。生态感应纤维采用感菌变色剂与纤维或纱线结合而成。其中，感菌变色剂为天然感菌萃取物或感菌变色油墨。生态感应纤维为聚酯纤维或锦纶纤维。
上述复合面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将感菌变色剂与纱线结合制成感菌变色纱线；
（2）将感菌变色纱线与聚酰亚胺纱线纺织制成基布。
其中，所述感菌变色纱线采用浸渍处理制备而成，其处理比较关键；处理方法具体包括：
a将以下重量百分比的物料混合，各物料组成为：感菌变色油墨5%、氢氧化锂2%，硅烷偶联剂0.5%，邻苯二甲酸酯0.2%，乙醇30%，余量为水，各组分混合成浸渍处理液；
b将待处理的聚酯纤维浸入上述浸渍处理液中；
c在温度60℃下处理0.5h；
d然后在蒸汽下处理30min；
e然后在200℃下烘干处理25min。
另外，基于以上，处理方法为：
处理方法具体包括：
a将以下重量百分比的物料混合，各物料组成为：感菌变色油墨3%、氢氧化锂3%，硅烷偶联剂0.5%，邻苯二甲酸酯0.2%，乙醇30%，余量为水，各组分混合成浸渍处理液；
b将待处理聚酰亚胺纤维浸入上述浸渍处理液中；
c在温度55℃下处理1h；
d然后在蒸汽下处理20min；
e然后在160℃下烘干处理20-30min。
制备得到的生态感应纤维（感菌变色纤维）经过60℃下、每次5分钟50次水洗后，上述各10个样品经检测后，仍然具有95%以上的附着量。
将制备得到的面料，沾染污染物后，面料根据感菌变色油墨的预设显色变色。
感菌变色油墨一部分来自于专利方法中的印花油墨。
此外，处理方法具体包括：
a将以下重量百分比的物料混合，各物料组成为：生态感应天然萃取物3%、氢氧化锂3%，硅烷偶联剂0.5%，邻苯二甲酸酯0.2%，乙醇30%，余量为水，各组分混合成浸渍处理液；
b将待处理聚酰亚胺纤维浸入上述浸渍处理液中；
c在温度55℃下处理1h；
d然后在蒸汽下处理20min；
e然后在160℃下烘干处理20-30min。
制备得到的生态感应纤维（感菌变色纤维）经过60℃下、每次5分钟50次水洗后，10个样品经检测后，仍然具有85%以上的附着量。
为了便于进行解释，上述描述中使用特定命名以提供对所述实施方案的彻底理解。然而，对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是，实施上述实施方案不需要这些具体细节。因此，出于说明和描述的目的呈现了对本文所述的具体实施方案的上述描述。其目的并非在于穷举或将实施方案限制到所公开的具体精确形式。对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是，在上述教导内容的基础，还能够进行一定的修改、组合和以及变型。

Claims (7)

1.一种智能感应聚酰亚胺复合面料，其特征在于：所述复合面料采用聚酰亚胺纤维与生态感应纤维复合而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚酰亚胺复合面料，其特征在于：生态感应纤维采用感菌变色剂与纤维或纱线结合而成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚酰亚胺复合面料，其特征在于：感菌变色剂为天然感菌萃取物或感菌变色油墨。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚酰亚胺复合面料，其特征在于：生态感应纤维为聚酯纤维、锦纶纤维或聚酰亚胺纤维。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种智能感应聚酰亚胺复合面料的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
（1）将感菌变色剂与纤维或纱线结合制成感菌变色纤维，即生态感应纤维；
（2）将感菌变色纱线与聚酰亚胺纱线纺织制成基布。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述感菌变色纱线采用浸渍处理制备而成，具体包括：
a将以下重量百分比的物料混合，各物料组成为：感菌变色油墨3-5%、氢氧化锂1-3%，硅烷偶联剂0.5-1%，邻苯二甲酸酯0.1-0.2%，乙醇30-40%，余量为水，各组分混合成浸渍处理液；
b将待处理纤维或纱线浸入上述浸渍处理液中；
c在温度55-60℃下处理0.5-1h；
d然后在蒸汽下处理15-30min；
e然后在150-200℃下烘干处理20-30min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚酰亚胺复合面料，其特征在于：聚酰亚胺纤维的制备方法为：
将聚酰胺酸溶液经过凝固、水洗、干燥、环化和牵伸得到聚酰亚胺纤维；
将聚酰胺酸溶液，具体是在酸解离常数为5.0-6.5的非质子极性溶剂中挤出形成聚酰亚胺酸纤维；
将聚酰胺酸纤维在水中进行水洗；
然后聚酰胺酸纤维进行热亚胺化处理，得到聚酰亚胺初生纤维；
将所述聚酰酸纤维一边加热一边拉伸，形成聚酰亚胺纤维；
制得的聚酰亚胺纤维的弹性模量为4000MPa~10000GPa，断裂强度为500-800MPa。
CN202010425856.9A 2020-05-19 2020-05-19 一种智能感应聚酰亚胺复合面料及其制备方法 Pending CN111621901A (zh)

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