CN111620694A - 一种耐高温高速陶瓷轴承的加工方法 - Google Patents

一种耐高温高速陶瓷轴承的加工方法 Download PDF

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CN111620694A
CN111620694A CN202010537219.0A CN202010537219A CN111620694A CN 111620694 A CN111620694 A CN 111620694A CN 202010537219 A CN202010537219 A CN 202010537219A CN 111620694 A CN111620694 A CN 111620694A
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bearing
mold
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吴金荣
方建良
李会根
赵广东
韩文波
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Ningxia Qilicheng Machinery Technology Group Co ltd
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Abstract

一种耐高温高速陶瓷轴承的加工方法，它涉及轴承加工技术领域。本发明为解决现有轴承在超高温有氧环境下难以适用的问题。加工方法包括制备基材材料；入模；高温烧结；冷却降温；成型加工；装配。本发明用于耐高温高速陶瓷轴承的制备。

Description

一种耐高温高速陶瓷轴承的加工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及轴承加工技术领域，具体涉及一种耐高温高速陶瓷轴承的加工方法。
背景技术
目前，在高温环境下，尤其是高温有氧条件下，作为高温转动部件的轴承承担着重要的功能，一方面要承受转定部件的载荷，另一方面要满足高温氧化环境。其技术难点在于，作为轴承的材料要具有优异的高温性能，同时要具有优异的高温抗氧化和抗热冲击性能。其主要技术瓶颈在于缺乏超高温有氧环境下适用的高温轴承装置。而通过采用难熔金属硼化物的陶瓷材料作为高温高速轴承具有耐高温、抗氧化和抗热冲击的特点，可以满足高温环境的使用要求。因此考虑超高温环境使用要求和加工性要求，提出了一种新型的耐高温陶瓷轴承，该轴承可实现高温有氧强酸碱等复杂环境，确保了高转速条件轴承的承载抗氧化一体化设计与制备，提高了轴承的精度和高温润滑性能，并能实现1600℃以上温度的正常运转。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有轴承在超高温有氧环境下难以适用的问题，进而提出一种耐高温高速陶瓷轴承的加工方法。
本发明为解决上述技术问题采取的技术方案是：
一种耐高温高速陶瓷轴承的加工方法包括如下步骤：
步骤一：制备基材材料：将难熔金属硼化物粉末和碳化物粉末放入球磨机中，设置球磨机转速200～250r/min，时间8～10h，将金属硼化物粉末和碳化物粉末充分混合均匀制备成复合粉体；
步骤二：入模：将复合粉体装入模具中，用复合粉体将模具的型腔填充满，并压实；
步骤三：高温烧结：将模具放置在真空热压烧结炉中，开启真空热压烧结炉，真空热压烧结炉温度升至1800～2000℃，炉内真空度达到10-3Pa后，保温保压烧制1h；
步骤四：冷却降温：烧制完成后关闭真空热压烧结炉，模具在真空热压烧结炉内自然冷却10h后，将模具取出；
步骤五：成型加工：将模具内的基材取出，根据轴承各个构件的图纸尺寸，包括轴承内圈、轴承外圈、保持架和滚子，对基材进行成型加工，加工时对于构件的型线为直线型的加工面，采用线切割的方式进行加工，对于构件的型线为非直线型的加工面，采用精密电火花成型机进行加工；
步骤六：装配：将加工后的轴承内圈、轴承外圈、保持架和滚子进行装配成型。
本发明与现有技术相比包含的有益效果是：
(1)本发明的轴承耐温范围广，可在室温～1600℃或更高温度下使用，满足超高温环境的使用需求。
(2)本发明的轴承环境适应性强，可满足高温、有氧、烟雾、强酸、强碱等复杂环境要求。
(3)本发明的轴承可实现高速(>3000转/分钟)的运转。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1中ZrB2-SiC陶瓷的SEM图；
图2是本发明实施例1中ZrB2-SiC陶瓷氧化考核后的SEM图；
图3是本发明实施例1中ZrB2-SiC陶瓷氧化后的XRD图；
图4是本发明实施例1中硼化锆高温高速陶瓷轴承的主视图；
图5是本发明实施例1中硼化锆高温高速陶瓷轴承去掉轴承内圈和轴承外圈后的轴测图。
具体实施方式
具体实施方式一：结合图1至图5说明本实施方式，本实施方式所述一种耐高温高速陶瓷轴承的加工方法包括如下步骤：
步骤一：制备基材材料：将难熔金属硼化物粉末和碳化物粉末放入球磨机中，设置球磨机转速200～250r/min，时间8～10h，将金属硼化物粉末和碳化物粉末充分混合均匀制备成复合粉体；
步骤二：入模：将复合粉体装入模具中，用复合粉体将模具的型腔填充满，并压实；
步骤三：高温烧结：将模具放置在真空热压烧结炉中，开启真空热压烧结炉，真空热压烧结炉温度升至1800～2000℃，炉内真空度达到10-3Pa后，保温保压烧制1h；
步骤四：冷却降温：烧制完成后关闭真空热压烧结炉，模具在真空热压烧结炉内自然冷却10h后，将模具取出；
步骤五：成型加工：将模具内的基材取出，根据轴承各个构件的图纸尺寸，包括轴承内圈、轴承外圈、保持架和滚子，对基材进行成型加工，加工时对于构件的型线为直线型的加工面，采用线切割的方式进行加工，对于构件的型线为非直线型的加工面，采用精密电火花成型机进行加工；
步骤六：装配：将加工后的轴承内圈、轴承外圈、保持架和滚子进行装配成型。
本发明提供了一种新型耐高温高速陶瓷轴承，可用于高温有氧强酸碱等复杂环境，确保了高转速条件轴承的承载抗氧化一体化设计与制备，提高了轴承的精度和高温润滑性能，并能实现1600℃以上温度的正常运转。
本实施方式中选择难熔金属硼化物粉末和碳化物粉末为材料加工出来的硼化物陶瓷轴承，可用于1600℃以上的高温环境，可实现3000转/分钟以上的转速，可经受高达1600℃的氧乙炔烧蚀考核。
根据轴承所处的高温环境不同，也可根据使用需求以氧化物陶瓷、碳化物陶瓷或氮化物陶瓷为基材，加工制作成轴承。
本实施方式中的球磨机为行星式球磨机。
具体实施方式二：结合图1至图4说明本实施方式，本实施方式所述步骤一中，难熔金属硼化物粉末的质量百分含量为70％～90％，碳化物粉末的质量百分含量为10％～30％。本实施方式中未公开的技术特征与具体实施方式一相同。
本实施方式中难熔金属硼化物粉末和碳化物粉末的总质量百分含量为100％。
具体实施方式三：结合图1至图5说明本实施方式，本实施方式所述步骤一中，难熔金属硼化物粉末为硼化钛、硼化锆或硼化铪粉末。本实施方式中未公开的技术特征与具体实施方式一或二相同。
具体实施方式四：结合图1至图5说明本实施方式，本实施方式所述步骤一中，碳化物粉末可用硅化物粉末作为替代。本实施方式中未公开的技术特征与具体实施方式一或二相同。
本实施方式中添加硅化物和碳化物的目的是为了提高轴承的抗高温氧化和抗热冲击性能。添加的碳化物粉末可以为碳化硅粉末，硅化物粉末可以为二硅化钽粉末。
具体实施方式五：结合图1至图5说明本实施方式，本实施方式所述步骤二中，模具为高强石墨模具。本实施方式中未公开的技术特征与具体实施方式一相同。
具体实施方式六：结合图1至图5说明本实施方式，本实施方式所述步骤二中，模具型腔的形状为圆柱形、长方形或球形。本实施方式中未公开的技术特征与具体实施方式一相同。
具体实施方式七：结合图1至图5说明本实施方式，本实施方式所述步骤二中，入模前先在模具内壁喷涂一层BN脱模剂，然后再将复合粉体装入模具中。本实施方式中未公开的技术特征与具体实施方式一或六相同。
具体实施方式八：结合图1至图5说明本实施方式，本实施方式所述步骤三中，真空热压烧结炉开启后的升温时间为4h。本实施方式中未公开的技术特征与具体实施方式一相同。
具体实施方式九：结合图1至图5说明本实施方式，本实施方式所述步骤五中，成型加工时，轴承的保持架包括上架体和下架体，上架体上沿圆周方向加工有多个上凹槽，下架体上沿圆周方向加工有多个下凹槽，上凹槽与下凹槽一一对应设置，拼接成兜孔，上架体和下架体上沿圆周方向均布设有螺纹孔。本实施方式中未公开的技术特征与具体实施方式一相同。
采用上架体和下架体沿圆周方向均布有螺纹孔，且通过陶瓷螺钉进行连接，上架体和下架体连接后的高度小于轴承外圈的高度，上架体的每个上凹槽与下架体的每个下凹槽形成兜孔，每个兜孔内部嵌有一个滚子，提高保持架的强度，稳定性较高。
本实施方式中为增强轴承的稳定性，可将滚子加工成圆柱状。
具体实施方式十：结合图1至图5说明本实施方式，本实施方式所述步骤六中，装配时，首先将轴承内圈放置在轴承外圈的内侧，且两者偏心布置，然后将滚子排布在轴承内圈和轴承外圈之间，再将保持架的上架体和下架体分别放置于轴承的内外圈之间，使其分布在滚子的两侧，确保保持架、轴承内外圈和滚子形成配合间隙，并采用陶瓷螺钉将保持架的上架体和下架体连接，使滚子均匀地分布在保持架的凹兜内。本实施方式中未公开的技术特征与具体实施方式一或九相同。
实施例1
一种硼化锆耐高温高速陶瓷轴承的加工方法包括如下步骤：
步骤一：制备基材材料：一定质量比称取ZrB2和SiC粉体放入行星式球磨机中，设置球磨机转速200r/min，时间10h；
步骤二：入模：将复合粉体装入高强石墨模具中，用复合粉体将模具的型腔填充满，并压实，在复合粉体装入模具前在模具内壁喷涂一层BN脱模剂；
步骤三：高温烧结：将模具放置在真空热压烧结炉中，开启真空热压烧结炉，真空热压烧结炉温度最高升至2200℃，炉内真空度达到10-3Pa后，保温保压烧制1h；
步骤四：冷却降温：烧制完成后关闭真空热压烧结炉，模具在真空热压烧结炉内自然冷却10h后，将模具取出；
步骤五：成型加工：将模具内的基材取出，根据轴承各个构件的图纸尺寸，包括轴承内圈、轴承外圈、保持架和滚子，对基材进行成型加工，加工时对于构件的型线为直线型的加工面，采用线切割的方式进行加工，对于构件的型线为曲面和凹面的加工面，采用精密电极成型机进行加工；
步骤六：装配：将加工后的轴承内圈、轴承外圈、保持架和滚子进行装配成型。
耐高温高速陶瓷轴承的材料选择取决于使用环境，如选择硼化锆基复合材料，耐温性可高达2000℃的环境，氧化前后陶瓷轴承的微观形貌变化如图1、2所示，其高温氧化后微观形貌结构完整。
虽然在本文中参照了特定的实施方式来描述本发明，但是应该理解的是，这些实施例仅仅是本发明的原理和应用的示例。因此应该理解的是，可以对示例性的实施例进行许多修改，并且可以设计出其他的布置，只要不偏离所附权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围。应该理解的是，可以通过不同于原始权利要求所描述的方式来结合不同的从属权利要求和本文中所述的特征。还可以理解的是，结合单独实施例所描述的特征可以使用在其他所述实施例中。

Claims (10)

1.一种耐高温高速陶瓷轴承的加工方法，其特征在于：所述加工方法包括如下步骤：
步骤一：制备基材材料：将难熔金属硼化物粉末和碳化物粉末放入球磨机中，设置球磨机转速200～250r/min，时间8～10h，将金属硼化物粉末和碳化物粉末充分混合均匀制备成复合粉体；
步骤二：入模：将复合粉体装入模具中，用复合粉体将模具的型腔填充满，并压实；
步骤三：高温烧结：将模具放置在真空热压烧结炉中，开启真空热压烧结炉，真空热压烧结炉温度升至1800～2000℃，炉内真空度达到10-3Pa后，保温保压烧制1h；
步骤四：冷却降温：烧制完成后关闭真空热压烧结炉，模具在真空热压烧结炉内自然冷却10h后，将模具取出；
步骤五：成型加工：将模具内的基材取出，根据轴承各个构件的图纸尺寸，包括轴承内圈、轴承外圈、保持架和滚子，对基材进行成型加工，加工时对于构件的型线为直线型的加工面，采用线切割的方式进行加工，对于构件的型线为非直线型的加工面，采用精密电火花成型机进行加工；
步骤六：装配：将加工后的轴承内圈、轴承外圈、保持架和滚子进行装配成型。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种耐高温高速陶瓷轴承的加工方法，其特征在于：所述步骤一中，难熔金属硼化物粉末的质量百分含量为70％～90％，碳化物粉末的质量百分含量为10％～30％。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述一种耐高温高速陶瓷轴承的加工方法，其特征在于：所述步骤一中，难熔金属硼化物粉末为硼化钛、硼化锆或硼化铪粉末。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述一种耐高温高速陶瓷轴承的加工方法，其特征在于：所述步骤一中，碳化物粉末可用硅化物粉末作为替代。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种耐高温高速陶瓷轴承的加工方法，其特征在于：所述步骤二中，模具为高强石墨模具。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种耐高温高速陶瓷轴承的加工方法，其特征在于：所述步骤二中，模具型腔的形状为圆柱形、长方形或球形。
7.根据权利要求1或6所述一种耐高温高速陶瓷轴承的加工方法，其特征在于：所述步骤二中，入模前先在模具内壁喷涂一层BN脱模剂，然后再将复合粉体装入模具中。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种耐高温高速陶瓷轴承的加工方法，其特征在于：所述步骤三中，真空热压烧结炉开启后的升温时间为4h。
9.根据权利要求1所述一种耐高温高速陶瓷轴承的加工方法，其特征在于：所述步骤五中，成型加工时，轴承的保持架包括上架体和下架体，上架体上沿圆周方向加工有多个上凹槽，下架体上沿圆周方向加工有多个下凹槽，上凹槽与下凹槽一一对应设置，拼接成兜孔，上架体和下架体上沿圆周方向均布设有螺纹孔。
10.根据权利要求1或9所述一种耐高温高速陶瓷轴承的加工方法，其特征在于：所述步骤六中，装配时，首先将轴承内圈放置在轴承外圈的内侧，且两者偏心布置，然后将滚子排布在轴承内圈和轴承外圈之间，再将保持架的上架体和下架体分别放置于轴承的内外圈之间，使其分布在滚子的两侧，确保保持架、轴承内外圈和滚子形成配合间隙，并采用陶瓷螺钉将保持架的上架体和下架体连接，使滚子均匀地分布在保持架的凹兜内。
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