CN111607556A - 一种培养扩增人肝祖细胞的培养基及其应用 - Google Patents
一种培养扩增人肝祖细胞的培养基及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种扩增培养人肝祖细胞的培养基及其应用,所述培养基配方化学成分明确,无血清,各组分相互配合,协同增效,用于体外长期扩增培养肝祖细胞并维持其干性,有助于快速高效的获取大量的具有功能的肝细胞,适宜于临床肝细胞移植应用以及生物人工肝中的肝细胞反应器使用,将为每年新增的百万代偿期/失代偿期肝硬化患者及其急性肝中毒患者的生命带来希望,具有广阔的应用前景和巨大的市场价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物工程技术领域,尤其涉及一种培养扩增人肝祖细胞的培养基及其应用。
背景技术
我国是肝病大国,有超过1亿人群患有病毒性肝炎、脂肪肝和肝纤维化等各类肝病,其中有约3000万的慢性肝炎患者是高风险人群,部分患者进行性发展为肝纤维化、肝硬化、肝衰竭和肝癌等重症肝病。每年有超过100万新发病例进入肝硬化失代偿期,50万左右死于肝衰竭,另有几千人死于食源或药源性肝中毒导致的肝衰竭,这些各类因素导致的肝脏疾病造成巨大的社会和家庭负担。
目前治疗肝衰竭的唯一有效方法就是肝脏移植。我国每年等待肝移植的病人大于50万,而能用于移植的肝脏来源数目在数百至一千余例,极其有限的肝脏器官来源远远不能满足巨大而急迫的临床需求。已有的临床治疗和临床前研究表明,生物人工肝透析和肝细胞移植,都有助于改善肝脏及全身微环境和生理状况,有利于肝脏修复并恢复肝脏功能。这不仅有可能挽救中毒性急性肝衰竭,更重要的是对于一定程度的晚期肝病患者,能延缓或阻止进入终末期肝衰竭。这两种治疗方法都需要用到大量的肝细胞。人原代肝细胞是理想的种子细胞,主要从不适合肝移植标准的肝脏中获得。但是,原代肝细胞在体外不能培养扩增,而且来源也受限于肝源供体短缺。近年来干细胞研究的前沿认知及新技术的涌现,为这个突破带来了新的契机。
人多能干细胞(Human pluripotent stem cells,hPSC)包括人胚胎干细胞(Humanembryonic stem cells,ESC)和人诱导性多能干细胞(Human induced pluripotent stemcells,iPSC),拥有的高度自我增殖能力和多向分化潜能,理论上可以诱导分化为人体所有类型的细胞,包括成熟肝细胞。hPSC的肝系定向分化就是模拟体内肝脏的发育过程,依次将其诱导为定型内胚层细胞,肝祖细胞(Hepatoblasts,HBs)和成熟肝细胞。由hPSC大量制备临床应用的肝系供体细胞,还存在一定的困难,其主要障碍在于诱导hPSC肝系定向分化的效率较低,以及难以维持所获的肝细胞在体外大量培养扩增。尤其是后者,难于获取所需要的大量肝细胞。临床上肝细胞移植治疗肝病,预计每次移植治疗需要109级肝细胞,而应用于生物人工肝和药物研发则需要更多的肝细胞。因此,快速高效的获取大量的具有功能的肝细胞,应用于细胞移植和生物人工肝透析等肝病治疗具有重要意义。
在体外培养条件下,分化成熟的肝细胞难以长期培养扩增,并维持其固有的细胞特性。与之相比,HBs具有较强的增殖能力,同时具有快速向肝细胞和胆管细胞分化的双潜能。因此,规模化扩增hPSC诱导分化来源的HBs,使其快速稳定增殖,并保持良好的分化状态,是获取大量具有功能的肝细胞的理想方法。一方面可以冻存HBs,建立HBs库,以便快速高效的获取大量种子细胞;另一方面可以进一步将HBs快速诱导分化为成熟的肝细胞或者胆管细胞;同时该方法可以为肝系细胞库的建立提供可行的技术支持。
近几年,有多个实验室相继报道了扩增HBs的相关研究。但是,这些研究报道大多以少数几种HBs的标志蛋白来评估扩增后的HBs的双潜能特性,而且缺乏很多相关的细胞功能评估。另外,部分HBs的扩增方法的培养条件中采用了滋养层细胞,或者使用了胎牛血清等成分不明确的添加物。然而,将用于细胞治疗的肝细胞污染有动物血清、蛋白或者其他细胞时,常在临床应用中引起急性免疫排斥反应及潜在的动物病毒感染。因此,这样培养获取的肝细胞将不适合临床应用,这也是体外扩增培养HBs时应充分考虑的因素。
目前业内尚未建立在体外长期培养扩增HBs的有效方法,其难点在于hPSC向肝系细胞分化过程和调控机制还缺乏深入的了解,以及HBs增殖和干性维持的调控机理尚未清楚。
因此,阐明hPSC肝系定向分化的调控机理,厘清HBs增殖和干性维持的调控机理,并建立化学成分明确和无血清配方的HBs扩增培养方法,规模化扩增培养HBs,将有助于快速高效的获取大量的具有功能的肝细胞,应用于细胞移植和生物人工肝透析等肝病治疗,具有广阔的应用前景和巨大的市场价值。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足及实际的需求,本发明提供一种扩增培养人肝祖细胞的培养基及其应用,所述培养基配方化学成分明确,各组分相互配合,协同增效,用于人肝祖细胞的体外扩增培养并维持其干性,具有广阔的应用前景和巨大的市场价值。
为达此目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
第一方面,本发明提供一种扩增培养人肝祖细胞的培养基,所述培养基包括液体基础培养基、胰岛素-转铁蛋白-亚硒酸钠混合液、细胞因子、糖原合成激酶3β抑制剂、Hedgehog信号通路激活剂和转化生长因子受体β抑制剂。
优选地,所述培养基还包括白蛋白。
本发明中,发明人在长期科研实践过程中,已经建立肝系定向分化诱导方法的基础上,分析肝祖细胞(HBs)增殖和分化相关的信号通路,厘清Wnt、TGF-β、BMP和Hedgehog等关键信号通路对HBs增殖和肝祖特性维持的调控机制;并进一步用细胞因子以及小分子化合物去调控相关的信号通路,全面筛选活性组分,以开发出支持HBs稳定增殖同时较好的维持其肝祖特性的培养基配方,各组分各条件相互配合促进,协同增效,规模化培养扩增获取的HBs,能较好的维持其HBs的特性,包括可以直接快速分化为具有功能的成熟肝细胞或者胆管细胞,移植到肝损伤模型小鼠体内,可以归巢定植到肝脏组织中,增殖并进一步分化为表达人ALB的肝细胞和表达人CK19的胆管细胞,参与肝实质组织的修复以及胆管的重建,有效恢复损伤肝脏的功能,并拯救肝损伤模型动物。
优选地,所述液体基础培养基包括RMPI1640细胞培养基、DMEM/F12细胞培养基、MEM细胞培养基、DMEM细胞培养基、IMDM细胞培养基、199细胞培养基或F10细胞培养基中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
优选地,所述白蛋白包括人重组白蛋白和/或牛血清白蛋白。
优选地,所述白蛋白的质量浓度为5-500μg/mL,例如可以是5μg/mL、20μg/mL、40μg/mL、60μg/mL、80μg/mL、100μg/mL、200μg/mL、300μg/mL、400μg/mL或500μg/mL。
优选地,所述细胞因子包括骨形态发生生长因子、肝细胞生长因子和表皮生长因子。
优选地,所述骨形态发生生长因子包括BMP2和/或BMP4。
优选地,所述骨形态发生生长因子的质量浓度为1-50ng/mL,例如可以是1ng/mL、5ng/mL、10ng/mL、15ng/mL、20ng/mL、25ng/mL、30ng/mL、35ng/mL、40ng/mL、45ng/mL或50ng/mL。
优选地,所述肝细胞生长因子的质量浓度为1-100ng/mL,例如可以是1ng/mL、10ng/mL、20ng/mL、30ng/mL、40ng/mL、50ng/mL、60ng/mL、70ng/mL、80ng/mL、90ng/mL或100ng/mL。
优选地,所述表皮生长因子的质量浓度为1-200ng/mL,例如可以是1ng/mL、10ng/mL、20ng/mL、30ng/mL、40ng/mL、50ng/mL、60ng/mL、70ng/mL、80ng/mL、90ng/mL、100ng/mL、120ng/mL、140ng/mL、160ng/mL、180ng/mL或200ng/mL。
优选地,所述胰岛素-转铁蛋白-亚硒酸钠混合液的体积百分含量为0.1-10%,例如可以是0.1%、0.2%、0.4%、0.5%、0.6%、0.8%、1%、2%、3%、4%、5%、6%、7%、8%、9%或10%。
优选地,所述糖原合成激酶3β抑制剂包括CHIR99021和/或CHIR98014。
优选地,所述糖原合成激酶3β抑制剂的摩尔浓度为10nM-100μM,例如可以是10nM、100nM、30μM、40μM、50μM、60μM、70μM、80μM、90μM或100μM。
优选地,所述转化生长因子受体β抑制剂包括A8301、SB431542或E-616452中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
优选地,所述转化生长因子受体β抑制剂的摩尔浓度为50nM-50μM,例如可以是50nM、100nM、10μM、20μM、30μM、40μM或50μM。
优选地,所述Hedgehog信号通路激活剂包括SAG和/或Purmorphaminede。
优选地,所述Hedgehog信号通路激活剂的摩尔浓度为10nM-50μM,例如可以是10nM、100nM、10μM、20μM、30μM、40μM或50μM。
所述的GSK3β抑制剂可以是CHIR99021或者其他小分子或者蛋白的GSK3β抑制剂。
所述的TGF-β受体抑制剂可以是A8301、SB431542和E-616452,或者其他TGF-β受体抑制剂。
所述的Hedgehog信号通路激活剂可以是SAG或者Purmorphaminede等其他Hedgehog信号通路激活剂。
具体地,培养基包括:液体基础培养基,5-500μg/mL的人重组白蛋白或者牛血清白蛋白;0.1%-10%(体积百分含量)胰岛素-转铁蛋白-亚硒酸钠混合液(ITS);10nM-10μM的糖原合成激酶3β(GSK3β)抑制剂;50nM-50μM的转化生长因子β(TGF-β)受体抑制剂;1-50ng/mL的骨形态发生生长因子(BMP2或者BMP4);1-100ng/mL的肝细胞生长因子(HGF);1-200ng/mL的表皮生长因子(EGF);10nM-50μM的Hedgehog信号通路激活剂。
第二方面,本发明提供一种长期体外扩增培养人肝祖细胞(HBs)的方法,采用第一方面所述的培养基。
优选地,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)获取Ep-CAM+/C-kit-的HBs;
(2)采用第一方面所述培养基对步骤(1)获取的细胞进行体外培养传代;
优选地,步骤(1)所述HBs的来源包括人多能干细胞hPSC、肝脏干细胞、肝母细胞或卵圆细胞中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
步骤1)中所述的HBs包括从人多能干细胞hPSC诱导分化获得的HBs,以及其他途径来源的HBs,包括人成体肝脏组织来源的肝脏干细胞、肝母细胞、卵圆细胞等。
优选地,步骤(1)所述获取的方法包括流式细胞术分选。
作为优选技术方案,一种长期体外扩增培养人肝祖细胞HBs的方法,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)流式细胞术分选获取Ep-CAM+/C-kit-的HBs,所述HBs的来源包括人多能干细胞hPSC、肝脏干细胞、肝母细胞或卵圆细胞中的任意一种或至少两种的组合;
(2)采用第一方面所述培养基对步骤(1)获取的细胞进行体外培养传代,获取足量的HBs;
(3)将步骤2)获得的HBs进一步分化为功能成熟的肝细胞或者胆管细胞。
第三方面,本发明提供一种人肝祖细胞HBs,采用第一方面所述培养基或第二方面所述方法扩增培养得到。
本发明提供的HBs可在所述培养基下培养超过50代,并维持稳定的HBs表型和相关功能,包括可以直接快速分化为具有功能的成熟肝细胞或者胆管细胞。
第四方面,本发明提供一种如第三方面所述的HBs在制备治疗肝脏疾病的移植细胞、生物人工肝反应器所用的肝细胞、肝脏组织工程或肝脏疾病体外药物筛选中的应用。
本发明提供了一种体外长期扩增培养HBs并维持其干性的体系和方法,包括一种化学成份明确的扩增培养基,用于人HBs的体外扩增培养。本发明可以选择性的培养扩增从hPSC分化获得的HBs,在此培养条件下,HBs可以规模化培养扩增超过50代,并维持稳定的HBs表型,包括可以直接快速分化为功能成熟的肝细胞或者胆管细胞,扩增的HBs移植到肝损伤模型小鼠体内,可以归巢定植到肝脏组织中,增殖并进一步分化为表达人ALB的肝细胞和表达人CK19的胆管细胞,参与肝实质组织的修复以及胆管的重建,有效恢复损伤肝脏的功能,并拯救肝损伤模型动物。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明提供了一种化学成分明确和无血清的培养基配方和培养方法,用于体外长期扩增培养由hPSC诱导来源的HBs,有助于快速高效的获取大量的具有功能的肝细胞,HBs可在此条件下培养超过50代,并维持稳定的HBs表型和相关功能,包括可以直接快速分化为具有功能的成熟肝细胞或者胆管细胞;本发明所培养的HBs移植到肝损伤模型小鼠体内,可以归巢定植到肝脏组织中,参与肝实质组织的修复以及胆管的重建,有效恢复损伤肝脏的功能,并拯救肝损伤模型动物;因此,该发明将有助于快速高效的获取大量的具有功能的肝细胞,适宜于临床肝细胞移植应用以及生物人工肝中的肝细胞反应器等使用。
附图说明
图1(A)为本发明的诱导hPSC肝系定向分化的流程图;
图1(B)为本发明的HBs诱导过程中的细胞形态学变化;
图1(C)为本发明的诱导至第3天的DE细胞和第10天的HBs的免疫荧光鉴定图;
图1(D)为本发明的流式细胞术分析HBs分化过程中不同阶段的标志蛋白的表达以及细胞增殖标志蛋白Ki67的表达图;
图2(A)为本发明的RT-PCR定量分析HBs增殖与分化相关的信号通路活性图;
图2(B)-图2(D)为本发明的小分子调控相关信号通路对HBs增殖和分化的影响图;
图2(E)为本发明的信号通路调控HBs增殖和分化的模式图;
图2(F)为本发明的筛选细胞因子和小分子化合物模式图;
图2(G)为本发明的不同培养基配方对HBs增殖的影响图;
图2(H)为本发明的不同培养基配方对HBs增殖影响的细胞形态图;
图2(I)为本发明的不同培养基配方对HBs特性维持的影响图;
图2(J)为本发明的不同培养基配方对HBs相关基因表达影响的分析图;
图3(A)为本发明的流式分选纯化hPSC诱导来源的HBs;
图3(B)为本发明的分选HBs在扩增培养条件下形成克隆的能力图;
图3(C)-图3(D)为本发明的长期扩增后的HBs依然维持较高的增殖能力图;
图3(E)为本发明的HBs标志性蛋白表达的检测图;
图3(F)-图3(G)为本发明的转录组对比分析扩增前后的HBs结果图;
图4(A)为本发明的扩增后的HBs分化为成熟肝细胞的形态图;
图4(B)为本发明的扩增后的HBs分化为肝细胞表达标志性蛋白图;
图4(C)-图4(F)为本发明的诱导分化获取的肝细胞的代谢解毒、合成白蛋、尿素、糖原的功能鉴定图;
图4(G)为本发明的HBs分化为胆管上皮细胞以及胆管结果图;
图5(A)为本发明的HBs移植实验示意图;
图5(B)为本发明的HBs移植前后的动物存活率分析图;
图5(C)为本发明的病理切片分析细胞移植前后肝组织的形态结构图;
图5(D)-图5(F)为本发明的肝组织切片分析细胞移植一周后的细胞归巢效率分析图;
图5(G)为本发明的移植的HBs分化为胆管上皮细胞,再生胆管图;
图5(H)为本发明的移植HBs的小鼠血清中人源白蛋白的分泌图;
图5(I)为本发明的肝组织切片分析细胞移植4周后的人源肝细胞图。
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明所采取的技术手段及其效果,以下结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案,但本发明并非局限在实施例范围内。
实施例1制备培养基
基础培养基,即RPMI1640培养基并补充含有50μg/mL的人重组白蛋白,1%(体积百分含量)胰岛素-转铁蛋白-亚硒酸钠混合液(ITS)。
HBs扩增培养基,包括上述基础培养基和各个扩增方案组合:B20CEH,AB20CEH,AB10CEHS,ACEHS,ACEH;扩增方案组合中的字母代表:A是50nM-50μM的转化生长因子β(TGF-β)受体抑制剂A8301,B10或者B20分别是10ng/mL或者10ng/mL的骨形态发生生长因子(BMP2或者BMP4),C是10nM-10μM的糖原合成激酶3β(GSK3β)抑制剂,E是1-200ng/mL的表皮生长因子(EGF),H是1-100ng/mL的肝细胞生长因子(HGF),S是10nM-50μM的Hedgehog信号通路激活剂。
优化的HBs扩增培养基,即上述基础培养基并包含扩增方案AB10CEHS组合,即包括5μM A8301,20ng/mL BMP4,3μM CHIR99021,20ng/mL EGF,20ng/mL HGF,0.5μM SAG;细胞生长至80%融合时用Accutase酶进行消化并传代培养。
实施例2扩增hPSC分化获得的HBs
hPSC(H1或者iPSC,来源于干细胞重点实验室)培养于1%Matrigel(growthfactor reduced,BD Bioscience)包被的12孔培养板,培养基为mTeSR1(Stem CellTechnologies)。hPSC生长至60-70%融合时更换为DE定向诱导培养基,RPMI1640包含2%B27(minus insulin,Invitrogen),3μM CHIR99021(CHIR)和100ng/mL Activin A诱导一天,接着撤去CHIR继续诱导两天,细胞定向分化为DE细胞;然后,更换培养基为肝祖定向分化培养基,RPMI1640包含2%B27(Invitrogen),20ng/mL BMP2,20ng/mL BMP4和30ng/mLFGF4,诱导培养4天;然后更换培养基,RPMI1640包含2%B27,20ng/mL BMP4和20ng/mLHGF4,继续诱导培养3天,DE细胞可进一步分化为HBs。
HBs的诱导过程以及相关各阶段细胞的鉴定如图1(A)-图1(D)所示,其中,诱导hPSC肝系定向分化的流程图(图1(A));HBs诱导过程中的细胞形态学变化(图1(B));免疫荧光鉴定诱导至第3天的DE细胞和第10天的HBs(图1(C));流式细胞术分析HBs分化过程中不同阶段的标志蛋白的表达以及细胞增殖标志蛋白Ki67的表达(图1(D))。
hPSC可以诱导分化为HBs,而HBs具有较强的增殖能力,在合适的培养条件下可以大量扩增,且可进一步快速分化为功能成熟的肝细胞和胆管细胞;因此,从hPSC诱导获取HBs,并进行规模化扩增,为快速高效的获取大量的具有功能的肝细胞提供来源,是满足临床肝细胞移植治疗以及生物人工肝中的肝细胞反应器所需大量肝细胞的一个有效方法。
目前业内尚未建立在体外长期培养扩增HBs的有效方法,其难点在于hPSC向肝系细胞分化过程和调控机制还缺乏深入的了解,以及HBs增殖和干性维持的调控机理尚未清楚。因此,阐明hPSC肝系定向分化的调控机理,厘清HBs增殖和干性维持的调控机理,并建立化学成分明确和无血清配方的HBs扩增培养方法,规模化扩增培养HBs,将有助于快速高效的获取大量的具有功能的肝细胞,应用于细胞移植和生物人工肝透析等肝病治疗。
在已经建立肝系定向分化诱导方法的基础上,分析HBs增殖和分化相关的信号通路,厘清Wnt、TGF-β、BMP和Hedgehog等关键信号通路对HBs增殖和肝祖特性维持的调控机制;并进一步用细胞因子以及小分子化合物去调控相关的信号通路,开发出支持HBs稳定增殖同时较好的维持其肝祖特性的培养基配方。
首先,在hPSC定向分化为HBs过程中,采用RT-PCR定量分析HBs增殖与分化相关的信号通路活性;结果显示促进HBs增殖相关的Wnt、Hedgehog等相关信号通路活性在分化过程中下调(图2(A))。
进一步采用小分子调控相关信号通路,分析各个信号通路对HBs增殖和分化的影响;结果显示CHIR、A8301和SAG等均能促进HBs增殖(图2(B)-图2(C))。
进一步分析相关信号通路对HBs增殖的同时对HBs特性的影响;结果显示,CHIR促进HBs增殖的同时会抑制AFP的表达,即抑制HBs特性的维持;而A8301和SAG则能促进AFP等肝系细胞相关基因的表达,即促进HBs特性的(图2(D))。
以上结果揭示了Wnt、TGF-β、BMP和Hedgehog等相关信号通路调控HBs增殖和分化的平衡关系(图2(E))。
基于此,进一步筛选小分子化合物,优化HBs扩增培养配方(图2(F));扩增培养发现,多个培养基配方都可以促进HBs增殖(图2(G)-图2(H));但是不同培养基配方对HBs特性维持的效果不一样,其中优化的培养基配方AB10CEHS可以促进HBs增殖的同时能较好的维持肝祖的特性(图2(I)-图2(J)),不同培养基配方对HBs特性维持影响的统计表见表1,扩增方案组合中的字母代表:A是50nM-50μM的转化生长因子β(TGF-β)受体抑制剂A8301,B10或者B20分别是10ng/mL或者10ng/mL的骨形态发生生长因子(BMP2或者BMP4),C是10nM-10μM的糖原合成激酶3β(GSK3β)抑制剂,E是1-200ng/mL的表皮生长因子(EGF),H是1-100ng/mL的肝细胞生长因子(HGF),S是10nM-50μM的Hedgehog信号通路激活剂;
表1
处理 | AFP<sup>+</sup> | HNF4α<sup>+</sup> |
B<sub>20</sub>CEH | 81.8%+/-4.2 | 83.4%+/-4.8 |
AB<sub>20</sub>CEH | 94.5%+/-3.3 | 96.2%+/-2.3 |
AB<sub>10</sub>CEHS | 96.7%+/-5.4 | 98.8%+/-6.0 |
ACEHS | 77.2%+/-5.0 | 86.2%+/-4.5 |
ACEH | 72.7%+/-5.2 | 81.5%+/-6.5 |
hPSC分化获得的HBs,经Accutase(life)消化成单细胞并重悬在含有3%BSA的PBS中,进一步孵育Ep-CAM(Milteny)和C-Kit(BD Biosciences)抗体,然后采用流式细胞术分选Ep-CAM+/C-Kit-的HBs;分选获取的HBs于1%Matrigel包被的培养板中进行扩增培养,培养基为优化的HBs扩增培养基AB10CEHS,即基础培养基RPMI1640包含2%B27和1%ITS(life),包含细胞因子20ng/mL BMP4,20ng/mL EGF,以及小分子化合物20ng/mL HGF,3μMCHIR,5μM A8301,0.5μM SAG;细胞生长至80%融合时用Accutase酶进行消化并传代培养。
图3(A)-图3(G)表明HBs的长期扩增及其鉴定,其中,流式分选纯化hPSC诱导来源的HBs(图3(A));分选获取的HBs在扩增培养条件下具有形成克隆的能力(图3(B));长期扩增后的HBs依然维持较高的增殖能力(图3(C)-图3(D);HBs标志性蛋白表达的检测(图3(E));转录组对比分析扩增前后的HBs(图3(F)-图3(G))。
如图3(F)-图3(G)所示,扩增的HBs表达一系列HBs的标志蛋白,如AFP,HNF4,EpCAM,E-CAD,SOX9等;同时,流式细胞术分析结果显示Ki-67和EpCAM双阳性率的细胞将近60%,说明HBs具有较强的增殖能力。在此培养条件下HBs可以连续扩增培养超过50代;优化的肝扩增培养基支持HBs长期扩增,并能很好的维持其肝祖特性;长期扩增后的HBs保持较强的增殖能力。
以上结果表明,本发明建立的HBs扩增培养体系和方法,可以选择性的长期扩增hPSC诱导获取的HBs,并维持其稳定的HBs表型和相关功能。
实施例3诱导HBs分化为功能成熟的肝细胞和胆管细胞
HBs在扩增培养条件下生长至90%融合时更换为成熟肝细胞诱导培养基,即基础培养基HepatoZYME-SFM(Gibco)包含10ng/mL OncostatinM(OSM),0.1μM dexamethasone(DEX;Sigma-Aldrich)和0.5mM NH4Cl(Sigma-Aldrich),诱导培养7天,HBs可分化为肝样细胞。
图4(A)-图4(G)表明扩增后的HBs维持分化为肝细胞和胆管细胞的双潜能,扩增后的HBs可以高效的诱导分化为肝细胞,并表达相应的标志性蛋白ALB,CK18,HNF6,E-CAD和CYP3A4(图4(A)-图4(B));诱导分化获取的肝细胞具有较强的代谢解毒、合成尿素等成熟肝细胞功能(图4(C)-图4(F));HBs分化为胆管上皮细胞(图4(G)),扩增后的HBs可以高效的分化为肝样细胞和胆管细胞,说明长期扩增不影响其分化能力;诱导分化获得的肝细胞具有较强的代谢解毒、合成尿素等成熟肝细胞功能;
如图4(A)-图4(G)所示,这期间HBs逐渐转变为具有方块状的典型肝细胞上皮样形态;免疫荧光鉴定结果显示,诱导获取的肝样细胞表达成熟肝细胞的多个标志蛋白,如ALB,CK18,HNF6,CYP3A4等;进一步肝细胞功能分析结果显示,诱导获取的肝细胞具有分泌白蛋白,分泌尿素,代谢CYP酶代谢底物以及合成糖原等典型的成熟肝细胞功能;
这些结果表明,本发明建立的HBs扩增培养体系和方法可以使HBs长期扩增后不影响其分化能力,扩增后的HBs可以快速高效的诱导分化为具有成熟功能的肝细胞,具有较强的代谢解毒、合成尿素等成熟肝细胞功能。以上的细胞培养及诱导过程需每天更换培养基。
在Matrigel 3D培养条件下,扩增过的和没有扩增过的HBs在胆管分化培养基中都可以分化形成胆管结构,并表达CK7和CK19等胆管细胞标志蛋白。这些结果说明,扩增过的HBs跟没有扩增培养过的HBs一样,都具有向肝细胞和胆管细胞分化的双潜能。
除了特殊注明的部分,以上细胞培养和诱导所用的细胞因子买自PeproTech,小分子化合物买自Selleck公司。
实施例4移植扩增后的HBs修复急性肝损伤模型小鼠肝脏
首先利用DMN处理免疫缺陷NSI小鼠,建立急性肝损伤模型。然后分别将扩增前、扩增后的HBs移植至肝损伤模型小鼠体内,验证两种细胞在体内增殖分化以及修复损伤肝脏的功能。
图5(A)-图5(I)表明移植HBs修复肝损伤模型小鼠图,其中,HBs移植实验示意图(图5(A));HBs移植前后的动物存活率分析(图5(B));病理切片分析细胞移植前后肝组织的形态结构(图5(C));肝组织切片分析细胞移植一周后的细胞归巢效率(图5(D)-图5(F));移植的HBs可以分化为胆管上皮细胞,再生胆管(图5(G));检测移植HBs的小鼠血清中人源白蛋白的分泌(图5(H));肝组织切片分析细胞移植4周后的人源肝细胞(图5(I))。
如图5(A)-图5(I)的实验结果所示,扩增前后的两种HBs经脾脏移植后,都可以归巢定植于受体肝脏;移植的HBs可以分化为表达人ALB的肝细胞和表达人CK19的胆管上皮细胞,并参与肝脏损伤实质组织的再生修复以及胆管的再生重建,恢复肝功能并提高肝脏损伤模型小鼠的生存率。
这些结果表明,经本发明建立的HBs扩增培养体系和方法长期培养扩增后的HBs,移植到肝损伤模型小鼠体内,与扩增前的HBs一样,都可以归巢定植到损伤肝脏组织中,参与肝实质组织的修复以及胆管的重建,有效恢复损伤肝脏的功能,并拯救肝损伤模型动物;因此,该发明将有助于快速高效的获取大量的具有功能的肝细胞,适宜于临床肝细胞移植应用以及生物人工肝中的肝细胞反应器等使用。
综上所述,提供了一种扩增培养人肝祖细胞的培养基及其应用,所述培养基配方简洁合理,化学成分明确,无血清,各组分相互配合,协同增效,用于体外长期扩增培养HBs并维持其干性,有助于快速高效的获取大量的具有功能的肝细胞,适宜于临床肝细胞移植应用以及生物人工肝中的肝细胞反应器使用,将为每年新增的百万代偿期/失代偿期肝硬化患者及其急性肝中毒患者的生命带来希望,具有广阔的应用前景和巨大的市场价值。
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的详细方法,但本发明并不局限于上述详细方法,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述详细方法才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明产品各原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种扩增培养人肝祖细胞的培养基,其特征在于,所述培养基包括液体基础培养基、胰岛素-转铁蛋白-亚硒酸钠混合液、细胞因子、糖原合成激酶3β抑制剂、Hedgehog信号通路激活剂和转化生长因子受体β抑制剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的培养基,其特征在于,所述培养基还包括白蛋白;
优选地,所述液体基础培养基包括RMPI1640细胞培养基、DMEM/F12细胞培养基、MEM细胞培养基、DMEM细胞培养基、IMDM细胞培养基、199细胞培养基或F10细胞培养基中的任意一种或至少两种的组合;
优选地,所述白蛋白包括人重组白蛋白和/或牛血清白蛋白;
优选地,所述白蛋白的质量浓度为5-500μg/mL。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的培养基,其特征在于,所述细胞因子包括骨形态发生生长因子、肝细胞生长因子和表皮生长因子;
优选地,所述骨形态发生生长因子包括BMP2和/或BMP4;
优选地,所述骨形态发生生长因子的质量浓度为1-50ng/mL;
优选地,所述肝细胞生长因子的质量浓度为1-100ng/mL;
优选地,所述表皮生长因子的质量浓度为1-200ng/mL。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的培养基,其特征在于,所述糖原合成激酶3β抑制剂的浓度为10nM-100μM;
优选地,所述胰岛素-转铁蛋白-亚硒酸钠混合液的体积百分含量为0.1-10%;
优选地,所述转化生长因子受体β抑制剂的摩尔浓度为50nM-50μM;
优选地,所述Hedgehog信号通路激活剂的摩尔浓度为10nM-50μM。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的培养基,其特征在于,所述糖原合成激酶3β抑制剂包括CHIR99021和/或CHIR98014;
优选地,所述转化生长因子受体β抑制剂包括A8301、SB431542或E-616452中的任意一种或至少两种的组合;
优选地,所述Hedgehog信号通路激活剂包括SAG和/或Purmorphaminede。
6.一种长期体外扩增培养人肝祖细胞的方法,其特征在于,采用权利要求1-5中任一项所述的培养基。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)获取Ep-CAM+/C-kit-的肝祖细胞;
(2)采用权利要求1-5中任一项所述培养基对步骤(1)获取的细胞进行体外培养传代;
优选地,步骤(1)所述肝祖细胞的来源包括人多能干细胞、肝脏干细胞、肝母细胞或卵圆细胞中的任意一种或至少两种的组合;
优选地,步骤(1)所述获取的方法包括流式细胞术分选。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法,其特征在于,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)流式细胞术分选获取Ep-CAM+/C-kit-的肝祖细胞,所述肝祖细胞的来源包括人多能干细胞、肝脏干细胞、肝母细胞或卵圆细胞中的任意一种或至少两种的组合;
(2)采用权利要求1-5中任一项所述培养基对步骤(1)获取的细胞进行体外培养传代。
9.一种肝祖细胞,其特征在于,采用权利要求1-5中任一项所述培养基或权利要求6-8中任一项所述方法扩增培养得到。
10.一种如权利要求9所述的肝祖细胞在制备治疗肝脏疾病的移植细胞、生物人工肝反应器所用的肝细胞、肝脏组织工程或肝脏疾病体外药物筛选中的应用。
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