CN111587954A - Feed particle for improving beef quality and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Feed particle for improving beef quality and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111587954A CN111587954A CN202010551543.8A CN202010551543A CN111587954A CN 111587954 A CN111587954 A CN 111587954A CN 202010551543 A CN202010551543 A CN 202010551543A CN 111587954 A CN111587954 A CN 111587954A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention provides a cattle feed and a preparation method and application thereof. The paint comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of crude protein, 2-8 parts of lysine, 0.5-3 parts of small peptide compound, 0.01-0.1 part of phytase, 1-5 parts of compound protease, 0.05-0.5 part of non-starch polysaccharase, 0.05-0.5 part of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, 0.1-1 part of potassium diformate, 3-8 parts of calcium lactate, 0.2-0.5 part of rumen-protected leucine, 0.01-0.03 part of monensin, 2-6 parts of compound polysaccharide extract, 0.05-0.5 part of organic trace element additive, 2-4 parts of eucommia bark powder and 2-6 parts of poria cocos powder. The alpha-ketoglutaric acid and the potassium diformate in the cattle feed formula have a synergistic effect, and the traditional Chinese medicines of eucommia bark and tuckahoe are added, so that the quality of the beef can be obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of animal husbandry, and particularly relates to a feed particle for improving beef quality and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The beef has high protein content and low fat content, is really reputed as a meat Jiaozi, has high value of high-quality beef and large market demand, and therefore, has good breeding prospect. However, with the rapid development of the breeding industry and the continuous improvement of the living standard, the demand of people on the beef quality is also continuously improved, and factors such as the muscle color, the tenderness, the water retention capacity (water loss rate) and the like are important indexes for reflecting the meat quality. Therefore, how to provide beef with good quality, delicious flavor, safety and nutrition for people is the direction of future development of cattle raising and animal husbandry.
The feed is the foundation of modern breeding industry, and an important factor for restricting the breeding benefit of beef cattle at the present stage is that the feed structure is unreasonable, how to improve the feed structure, so that the feed structure is balanced and reasonable in nutrition, the problems of low feed utilization rate, ordinary meat quality, high feeding cost, high risk and the like are changed, and the technical problems to be solved urgently are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cattle feed which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of crude protein, 2-8 parts of lysine, 0.5-3 parts of small peptide compound, 0.01-0.1 part of phytase, 1-5 parts of compound protease, 0.05-0.5 part of non-starch polysaccharase, 0.05-0.5 part of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, 0.1-1 part of potassium diformate, 3-8 parts of calcium lactate, 0.2-0.5 part of rumen-protected leucine, 0.01-0.03 part of monensin, 2-6 parts of compound polysaccharide extract, 0.05-0.5 part of organic trace element additive, 2-4 parts of eucommia bark powder and 2-6 parts of poria cocos powder.
Preferably, the cattle feed contains the following components: 18-22 parts of crude protein, 3-7 parts of lysine, 1-2.5 parts of small peptide compound, 0.03-0.08 part of phytase, 2-4 parts of compound protease, 0.1-0.4 part of non-starch polysaccharase, 0.1-0.4 part of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, 0.3-0.8 part of potassium diformate, 4-7 parts of calcium lactate, 0.3-0.4 part of rumen-bypass leucine, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, alpha,
0.015-0.025 parts of monensin, 3-5 parts of compound polysaccharide extract, 0.1-0.4 parts of organic trace element additive, 2.5-3.5 parts of eucommia bark powder and 3-5 parts of tuckahoe powder.
Wherein the crude protein is the nitrogen content in the feed sample multiplied by a factor of 6.25. Most proteins generally contain 16% nitrogen.
Wherein, the content of the alpha-ketoglutaric acid is 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.12, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 parts.
Wherein, the content of the potassium diformate is 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0 part.
Wherein the organic trace element additive comprises at least one of copper amino acid, iron amino acid, manganese amino acid, zinc amino acid, selenium yeast and the like.
Preferably, the content of the copper element in the cattle feed is 0.005-0.1 part.
Preferably, the content of the iron element in the cattle feed is 0.001-0.1 part.
Preferably, the content of the manganese element in the cattle feed is 0.001-0.05 part.
Preferably, the content of the zinc element in the cattle feed is 0.005-0.1 part.
Preferably, the content of the selenium element in the cattle feed is 0.005-0.15 part.
Wherein the cattle feed also contains Bacillus subtilis, for example, the content of Bacillus subtilis is (0.1-0.5) × 10-3And (4) portions are obtained.
Wherein the cattle feed is in a granular form. Preferably, the particles have an average particle size of 0.5 to 3 mm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the cattle feed, which comprises the following steps: and (3) uniformly mixing the components with water, heating, pressurizing and granulating to obtain the cattle feed.
Preferably, the mass of the water is 20-30%, for example 22-28% of the mass sum of the components of the cattle feed.
Preferably, the heating is to a temperature of 75-80 deg.C, such as 75 deg.C, 76 deg.C, 77 deg.C, 78 deg.C, 79 deg.C, 80 deg.C.
Preferably, the pressurization is to a pressure of 1.5 to 3 atmospheres, for example 1.5 atmospheres, 2 atmospheres, 2.5 atmospheres, 3 atmospheres.
Preferably, the mixture also contains bacillus subtilis.
The invention also provides the cattle feed prepared by the method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the inventor surprisingly finds that the alpha-ketoglutaric acid and the potassium diformate in the cattle feed formula have a synergistic effect, and the traditional Chinese medicines of eucommia ulmoides and poria cocos are supplemented, so that the quality of the beef can be obviously improved.
Meanwhile, the cattle feed provided by the invention compounds crude protein, lysine and small peptide compounds, simultaneously uses phytase, compound protease, non-starch polysaccharide enzyme and auxiliary addition of organic trace elements and calcium lactate, improves the utilization rate of the trace elements, balances the intestinal microbial flora of animals, improves the immunity, reduces the dosage of antibiotics and produces high-quality pollution-free beef.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the following examples are only illustrative and explanatory of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All the technologies realized based on the above-mentioned contents of the present invention are covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise indicated, the raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are all commercially available products or can be prepared by known methods.
Example 1
The formula of the cattle feed comprises the following components: 15 parts of crude protein, 8 parts of lysine, 3 parts of small peptide compound, 0.02 part of phytase, 1 part of compound protease, 0.1 part of non-starch polysaccharase, 0.1 part of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, 0.2 part of potassium diformate, 3 parts of calcium lactate, 0.3 part of rumen-bypass leucine, 0.02 part of monensin, 4 parts of compound polysaccharide extract, 0.2 part of organic trace element additive, 3 parts of eucommia bark powder and 5 parts of poria cocos powder.
The organic trace element additive comprises 0.002 part of iron amino acid, 0.001 part of manganese amino acid, 0.01 part of zinc element and 0.005 part of selenium element.
Uniformly mixing crude protein, lysine, small peptide compound, phytase, compound protease, non-starch polysaccharidase, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, potassium diformate, calcium lactate, organic trace element additive, rumen-bypass leucine, monensin, compound polysaccharide extract, eucommia bark powder and poria cocos powder, adding water accounting for 20% of the mass of the components, pressing and molding the obtained mixture at 75 ℃ under 1.5 atmospheric pressures, and then preparing into 1mm particles to obtain the cattle feed.
Example 2
The formula of the cattle feed comprises 20 parts of crude protein, 5 parts of lysine, 1 part of small peptide compound, 0.05 part of phytase, 2 parts of compound protease, 0.3 part of non-starch polysaccharidase, 0.2 part of α -ketoglutaric acid, 0.5 part of potassium diformate, 6 parts of calcium lactate, 0.2 part of rumen-bypass leucine, 0.03 part of monensin, 6 parts of compound polysaccharide extract, 0.3 part of organic trace element additive, 0.4 × 10 parts of bacillus subtilis and 0.4 part of × parts of bacillus subtilis-34 parts of eucommia bark powder and 2 parts of tuckahoe powder.
The organic trace element additive comprises amino acid iron, amino acid manganese, amino acid zinc and yeast selenium, wherein the content of iron in the cattle feed is 0.005 part, the content of manganese in the cattle feed is 0.003 part, the content of zinc in the cattle feed is 0.02 part, and the content of selenium in the cattle feed is 0.01 part.
Uniformly mixing crude protein, lysine, small peptide compound, phytase, compound protease, non-starch polysaccharidase, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, potassium diformate, calcium lactate, rumen-bypass leucine, monensin, compound polysaccharide extract, organic trace element additive, bacillus subtilis, eucommia bark powder and poria cocos powder, adding water accounting for 24% of the mass of the components, pressing and molding the obtained mixture at 76 ℃ under 2 atmospheric pressures, and then preparing into 1mm particles to obtain the cattle feed.
Example 3
The formula of the cattle feed comprises 18 parts of crude protein, 6 parts of lysine, 2 parts of small peptide compound, 0.04 part of phytase, 3 parts of compound protease, 0.4 part of non-starch polysaccharidase, 0.15 part of α -ketoglutaric acid, 0.4 part of potassium diformate, 4 parts of calcium lactate, 0.4 part of rumen-bypass leucine, 0.02 part of monensin, 4 parts of compound polysaccharide extract and organic trace element additive0.4 part of bacillus subtilis 0.5 × 10-33 parts of eucommia bark powder and 5 parts of tuckahoe powder.
The organic trace element additive comprises copper amino acid, manganese amino acid, zinc amino acid and selenium yeast, wherein the content of copper element in the cattle feed is 0.001 part, the content of manganese element in the cattle feed is 0.003 part, the content of zinc element in the cattle feed is 0.02 part, and the content of selenium element in the cattle feed is 0.01 part.
Uniformly mixing crude protein, lysine, small peptide compound, phytase, compound protease, non-starch polysaccharidase, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, potassium diformate, calcium lactate, rumen-bypass leucine, monensin, compound polysaccharide extract, organic trace element additive, bacillus subtilis, eucommia bark powder and poria cocos powder, adding water with the mass of 28% of the components, pressing and molding the obtained mixture at 80 ℃ under 1.5 atmospheric pressures, and then preparing into 1mm particles to obtain the cattle feed.
Example 4
The formula of the cattle feed comprises 20 parts of crude protein, 5 parts of lysine, 1 part of small peptide compound, 0.05 part of phytase, 2 parts of compound protease, 0.3 part of non-starch polysaccharidase, 0.2 part of α -ketoglutaric acid, 0.5 part of potassium diformate, 6 parts of calcium lactate, 0.5 part of rumen-bypass leucine, 0.03 part of monensin, 3 parts of compound polysaccharide extract, 0.3 part of organic trace element additive, 0.4 × 10 parts of bacillus subtilis and 0.4 part of × parts of bacillus subtilis-33 parts of eucommia bark powder and 5 parts of tuckahoe powder.
The organic trace element additive comprises amino acid iron, amino acid manganese, amino acid zinc and yeast selenium, wherein the content of iron in the cattle feed is 0.005 part, the content of manganese in the cattle feed is 0.003 part, the content of zinc in the cattle feed is 0.02 part, and the content of selenium in the cattle feed is 0.01 part.
Uniformly mixing crude protein, lysine, small peptide compound, phytase, compound protease, non-starch polysaccharidase, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, potassium diformate, calcium lactate, rumen-protected leucine 0, monensin, compound polysaccharide extract, organic trace element additive, bacillus subtilis, poria cocos powder and eucommia ulmoides powder, adding water accounting for 24% of the mass of the components, pressing and molding the obtained mixture at 78 ℃ under 3 atmospheric pressures, and then preparing into 1mm particles to obtain the cattle feed.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that no alpha-ketoglutaric acid was added.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that no potassium diformate is added.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that no eucommia ulmoides powder and no poria cocos powder were added.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that: the dosage of the alpha-ketoglutaric acid is 0.02 part, and the dosage of the potassium diformate is 2 parts.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 1 is that: the dosage of the alpha-ketoglutaric acid is 0.7 part, and the dosage of the potassium diformate is 0.05 part.
Test example
(1) Experimental materials: selecting 300 healthy cattle groups with the same quality and basically consistent weight, and dividing the cattle groups into six groups: test group 1 and control groups 1-5. Each group has 50 heads and half male and half female.
(2) The experimental process comprises the following steps: feeding was started 4 weeks before slaughter in the market, and test group 1 was fed with the feed of example 1 of the present invention, and control groups 1 to 5 were fed with the feeds of comparative examples 1 to 5, respectively.
(3) And (3) beef quality determination: after feeding for four weeks, 15 cattle were slaughtered in each group, half of the male and female cattle were slaughtered, the entire longissimus dorsi was dissected from the left carcass of the cattle, the middle meat sample of equal weight was cut, and the flesh color, the flesh pH, and the flesh water loss were measured. As shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Test group 1 | Control group 1 | Control group 2 | Control group 3 | Control group 4 | Control group 5 | |
| Color of meat | 3.12±0.18 | 2.47±0.12 | 2.59±0.23 | 2.73±0.14 | 2.58±0.28 | 2.66±0.13 |
| pH (1 hour after slaughter) | 6.02±0.13 | 6.42±0.10 | 6.56±0.22 | 6.48±0.19 | 6.51±0.09 | 6.68±0.15 |
| Drip loss after 24h (%) | 2.72±0.11 | 3.45±0.17 | 3.65±0.18 | 3.72±0.21 | 3.53±0.19 | 3.81±0.22 |
(4) The average daily gain of the cattle in each group was measured and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
| Test group 1 | Control group 1 | Control group 2 | Control group 3 | Control group 4 | Control group 5 | |
| Average daily gain (kg/d) | 0.4724 | 0.3078 | 0.3154 | 0.3363 | 0.3405 | 0.3284 |
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The cattle feed is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of crude protein, 2-8 parts of lysine, 0.5-3 parts of small peptide compound, 0.01-0.1 part of phytase, 1-5 parts of compound protease, 0.05-0.5 part of non-starch polysaccharase, 0.05-0.5 part of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, 0.1-1 part of potassium diformate, 3-8 parts of calcium lactate, 0.2-0.5 part of rumen-protected leucine, 0.01-0.03 part of monensin, 2-6 parts of compound polysaccharide extract, 0.05-0.5 part of organic trace element additive, 2-4 parts of eucommia bark powder and 2-6 parts of poria cocos powder.
2. The cattle feed of claim 1, wherein the cattle feed comprises the following components: 18-22 parts of crude protein, 3-7 parts of lysine, 1-2.5 parts of small peptide compound, 0.03-0.08 part of phytase, 2-4 parts of compound protease, 0.1-0.4 part of non-starch polysaccharase, 0.1-0.4 part of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, 0.3-0.8 part of potassium diformate, 4-7 parts of calcium lactate, 0.3-0.4 part of rumen-protected leucine, 0.015-0.025 part of monensin, 3-5 parts of compound polysaccharide extract, 0.1-0.4 part of organic trace element additive, 2.5-3.5 parts of eucommia ulmoides powder and 3-5 parts of poria cocos powder.
3. The cattle feed of claim 1 or 2, wherein the organic trace element additive comprises at least one of copper amino acid, iron amino acid, manganese amino acid, zinc amino acid, and selenium yeast.
4. The cattle feed according to claim 3, characterized in that the content of copper element in the cattle feed is 0.005-0.1 parts;
preferably, the content of the iron element in the cattle feed is 0.001-0.1 part.
5. The cattle feed according to claim 3, wherein the content of manganese element in the cattle feed is 0.001-0.05 parts;
preferably, the content of the zinc element in the cattle feed is 0.005-0.1 part;
preferably, the content of the selenium element in the cattle feed is 0.005-0.15 part.
6. The cattle feed according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the cattle feed further comprises Bacillus subtilis, preferably wherein the Bacillus subtilis is contained in an amount of (0.1-0.5) × 10-3And (4) portions are obtained.
7. The cattle feed of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the cattle feed is in pellet form.
8. A process for preparing the cattle feed of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the process comprises the steps of: mixing the components of any one of claims 1-7 with water, heating and pressurizing to granulate to obtain the cattle feed.
9. The preparation method of claim 8, wherein the mass of the water is 20-30% of the sum of the mass of the components of the cattle feed;
preferably, the temperature to which the heating is carried out is 75-80 ℃;
preferably, the pressurization is to a pressure of 1.5 to 3 atmospheres.
10. Use of the cattle feed of any one of claims 1-7 for improving beef quality.
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| US20180264052A1 (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2018-09-20 | Novozymes A/S | Bacillus Strains Improving Health and Performance of Production Animals |
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