CN107136348B - Method for improving level of feather meal replacing fish meal in aquatic animal compound feed - Google Patents
Method for improving level of feather meal replacing fish meal in aquatic animal compound feed Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the level of feather meal replacing fish meal in aquatic animal compound feed, which comprises the steps of irradiating the feather meal to prepare irradiated feather meal with the irradiation dose of 5-20kGy, using the irradiated feather meal to replace the fish meal in the aquatic animal compound feed, and according to the principle of equivalent protein replacement, the mass of the added irradiated feather meal is equal to that of the replaced fish meal, and the mass of the replaced fish meal is 6-19% of the total mass of the feed. The method utilizes irradiation to carry out denaturation treatment on keratin in the feather meal, and improves the utilization efficiency of aquatic animals on the feather meal. The feather meal subjected to irradiation treatment and other feed raw materials can be used for preparing the low-fish meal aquatic animal feed with balanced nutrition, so that the level of the feather meal replacing the fish meal in the aquatic animal compound feed is improved, the feed cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for replacing the level of fish meal in a compound feed for aquatic animals by using irradiated feather meal so as to prepare a high-protein low-fish meal compound feed.
Background
The compound feed for aquatic animals has high protein content, and the feed protein source comprises animal protein raw materials (fish meal, chicken powder, meat and bone powder, feather powder, blood powder, etc.) and plant protein raw materials (bean pulp, rapeseed pulp, cotton pulp, etc.). Fish meal is a high-quality feed protein source for aquatic animals, and is used for producing a large amount of aquatic animal compound feed. The fish meal adding amount in the carnivorous fish compound feed in China is up to 35-50%. With the development of large-scale and industrialization of aquaculture industry, more than 100 million tons of imported fish meal are required to be used for producing aquatic animal compound feed every year in China.
Since the source of fish meal is limited by marine fishery resources, the supply is limited and expensive. The use of cheap protein materials to replace fish meal in aquatic animal compound feeds has become a trend in the development of the aquaculture industry. Research has been carried out for more than 30 years at home and abroad, and feasibility of replacing fish meal in feed by animal protein raw materials (such as chicken meal, meat and bone meal, feather meal, blood meal and the like) and plant protein raw materials (such as bean pulp, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal and the like) is explored respectively. The feather meal protein content exceeds 80% (90% is keratin), and the keratin molecules contain a large amount of disulfide bonds, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic effects, so that the feather meal protein is difficult to digest and utilize by aquatic animals including fishes. When more than 5% feather meal is added to the formula, the growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of the cultured fish are reduced. Thus, while available at low cost, feather meal has rarely been used as an alternative protein source to fish meal in aquatic animal compound feeds. The existing methods for improving the utilization rate of feather meal protein comprise high-temperature high-pressure hydrolysis, acid and alkali chemical hydrolysis, microbial enzymolysis, extrusion puffing, flash explosion technology and the like, but the processing objects of the technologies are feathers instead of feather meal, and the technologies have limitations of different degrees.
Irradiation is widely used in produce storage and food processing. The high-energy electrons generated by the electron accelerator or the gamma rays generated by the radioactive isotope can cause the denaturation of bacterial protein, thereby achieving the purposes of prolonging the shelf life of food and improving the quality of food. Irradiation methods have been used to improve the utilization of vegetable protein materials by livestock and poultry animals, but the effect varies depending on the animal species and the feed materials. Irradiation treatment can improve the utilization of vegetable protein materials by terrestrial monogastric animals and ruminants, but some studies have shown that irradiation treatment has little positive effect on improving the utilization of vegetable protein materials by poultry. In aquatic animals, it has been demonstrated that irradiation treatment can improve the utilization of soybean meal and soybean protein concentrate by Micropterus salmoides and Trachinotus ovatus, but irradiation treatment cannot improve the utilization of zein powder by Trachinotus ovatus. Since the purpose of the irradiation treatment of the vegetable protein material is to eliminate the effect of the anti-nutritional factors in the vegetable protein material, it is generally believed that the animal protein material does not contain the anti-nutritional factors, and thus the work of irradiation treatment of the animal protein material is rare. In part of researches, the effect of hydrolyzing the feathers by applying gamma rays and acid, alkali and enzyme composite treatment is compared, and the feather powder can be degraded by irradiating the feather powder to promote the degradation of protein into water-soluble protein, but the irradiation dose of the experiment is 100-600 kGy, which exceeds the requirement of China on the irradiation dose of food. The influence of irradiation treatment on the replacement of fish meal in aquatic animal feed by feather meal is not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of low utilization rate of feather meal by aquatic animals, the invention provides a method for improving the level of fish meal in a compound feed for replacing the aquatic animals by the feather meal through irradiation.
The previous researches of the applicant find that the irradiation dose of 5-60kGy can change the protein structure of the vegetable protein raw material, and the content of crude protein, crude fat, ash and essential amino acid can not be obviously influenced. A large number of experiments prove that the level of fish meal in the compound feed for replacing fish by feather powder can be improved by irradiation treatment, and the appropriate irradiation dose for the feather powder is optimized to be 5-20 kGy.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the level of feather meal replacing fish meal in aquatic animal compound feed comprises the steps of carrying out irradiation treatment on feather meal to obtain irradiated feather meal, wherein the irradiation dose is 5-20kGy, preferably 10-20kGy, then using the irradiated feather meal to replace the fish meal in the aquatic animal compound feed, according to the principle of equivalent protein replacement, the mass of the added protein of the irradiated feather meal is equal to that of the replaced fish meal, and the mass of the replaced fish meal is 6-19%, preferably 10-13% of the total mass of the feed.
The addition amount of the irradiated feather meal is 5-15% of the total mass of the feed, and the optimal selection amount is 8-12%;
the irradiation treatment can be carried out by quantitative irradiation with electron rays generated by an electron accelerator of 0.2MeV to 10MeV or gamma rays generated by radioactive isotope Cs-137 or Co-60.
The feather powder is fine particles formed by taking hair, feather and feather stalks left after feather extraction as raw materials and carrying out hydrolysis, sterilization and drying processes. The principal origins are the united states, china, etc., and their shapes, nutritional compositions and uses are well known in the art. The feather meal is generally light golden yellow and has a feather flavor, and can be used as a source of protein for various feeds for poultry, livestock and aquatic animals.
The irradiated feather meal of the present invention has a crude protein content of > 80% by weight, and is well known to those skilled in the art as a protein source for aquatic animal feed.
Preferably, the content of feather meal crude protein, crude fat, ash and essential amino acid after irradiation treatment has a variation range of less than 5%, but the molecular weight of the protein can be detected to be changed by SDS electrophoresis.
The invention also provides an aquatic animal compound feed using the feather meal to replace fish meal, which is characterized in that the aquatic animal compound feed comprises the fish meal and the irradiated feather meal, wherein the total amount of the fish meal and the irradiated feather meal is 25-35% of the total mass of the feed, and the dosage of the irradiated feather meal is 5-15% of the total mass of the feed, preferably 8-12%; the using amount of the fish meal is 10-25% of the total mass of the feed, and the preferable amount is 15-20%.
Further, the method for improving the level of the feather meal replacing the fish meal in the compound feed for the aquatic animals preferably comprises the following steps:
(1) measuring the crude components, energy content and amino acid composition of feather meal, fish meal and other feed raw materials;
(2) determining the irradiation dose: the dose of the irradiated feather powder is 5-20 kGy;
(3) determining an irradiation method: directly and quantitatively irradiating the feather powder by using electron rays generated by an electron accelerator from 0.2MeV to 10MeV or gamma rays generated by radioactive isotope Cs-137 or Co-60;
(4) according to the principle of equivalent protein substitution, the mass of the protein of the added irradiated feather meal is equal to that of the protein of the substituted fish meal, and the mass of the substituted fish meal is 6-19 percent of the total mass of the feed, preferably 10-13 percent
Preferably, the crude ingredients of the feed include moisture, crude protein, crude fat and ash; the coarse components are as follows: the mass of dry matter is more than 80 percent, the mass of crude protein is more than 35 percent, the mass of crude fat is less than 5 percent, and the mass of ash is less than 5 percent.
Preferably, the amino acid refers to essential amino acids of fish, including methionine, lysine, tyrosine, arginine, histidine, valine, threonine, phenylalanine, leucine, and isoleucine.
The invention adopts electron lines generated by an electron accelerator (0.2 MeV-10 MeV) or gamma rays generated by radioactive isotopes (Cs-137 or Co-60) to directly carry out quantitative radiation on feather powder, so that the protein structure of the feather powder is changed, and the adverse effect of keratin is eliminated. Electron accelerator (0.2 MeV-10 MeV) or radioisotope (Cs-137 or Co-60) irradiation attachment equipment, irradiation method and irradiation dose are well known in the field of agricultural product processing and food processing.
The feather powder can be produced by itself according to the existing technical standards by referring to the known technology in the field, or can be directly purchased from the market, and the feather powder can be easily purchased in China, America and other countries.
The feather meal treated by the method of the invention can be further used for preparing animal feed, i.e. the feather meal subjected to irradiation treatment is prepared into animal feed by being mixed with other feed raw materials according to a proportion, for example, the feather meal subjected to Co-60 irradiation treatment is used for replacing fish meal, and the formula and the preparation process are well known to those skilled in the art for preparing fish feed by being mixed with other feed raw materials and additives. The animal means any aquatic animal suitable for use with the irradiated feather meal of the present invention, preferably fish, more preferably carnivorous fish. Therefore, the feather meal treated by the method can be applied to preparing aquatic animal feed, and is optimally feed matched with cultured fishes.
The method for treating the feather meal does not obviously change the protein, the energy content and the amino acid composition of the feather meal, and improves the palatability of the raw materials.
The addition amount of the feather meal after irradiation treatment in the feed formula of the carnivorous fish can reach 5-10%, and the principle of equivalent protein substitution is equivalent to directly substituting 6-13% of fish meal. Within the range, the feather meal subjected to irradiation treatment is used for replacing fish meal in the formula, so that the fish growth and fish body composition are not adversely affected, the feed cost can be obviously reduced, and the generated economic benefit is higher than the irradiation treatment cost.
Therefore, according to the principle that the protein structure changes after irradiation, the keratin in the feather meal is denatured, and the utilization efficiency of the feather meal by aquatic animals is improved. The feather meal subjected to irradiation treatment and other feed raw materials can be used for preparing the low-fish meal aquatic animal feed with balanced nutrition, so that the level of the feather meal replacing the fish meal in the aquatic animal compound feed is improved, the feed cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by the following preferred examples, without limiting the scope of the invention thereto.
The dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and ash content are measured by AOAC method, the total energy content is measured by oxygen bomb energy meter, and the amino acid composition is measured by amino acid analyzer or high performance liquid chromatograph.
Example 1: the treatment method for improving the feather meal utilization rate of aquatic animals by utilizing irradiation comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing feather powder;
(2) determining the crude component of the feather powder: the feed material was analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and ash content using the AOAC method.
(3) Determining the irradiation dose according to the feeding object and the usage amount of the feather meal in the feed: when the addition amount of the feather meal in the feed is not more than 15%, the irradiation dose of the feather meal is 5-20 kGy.
(4) Determining an irradiation method: the feather powder is irradiated quantitatively by electron rays generated by an electron accelerator (0.2 MeV-10 MeV) or gamma rays generated by radioactive isotopes (Cs-137 or Co-60).
The irradiation dose is determined according to the raising object and the content of the feather powder in the formula, and the irradiation treatment is carried out according to the scheme, thus completing the irradiation treatment of the feather powder.
The variation range of the components of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, ash and phosphorus of the feather powder after irradiation treatment is less than 5%.
Example 2: co-60 irradiation treatment of feather meal
(1) Prepared with feather powder and purchased from domestic markets.
(2) The crude component composition and amino acid content of the feather meal were determined by the procedure of example 1: by determination, the dry matter is 90.2%, the protein is 86.5%, the fat is 5.0%, and the ash content is 1.2%. Methionine 0.41%, lysine 1.60%, tyrosine 1.98%, arginine 5.28%, histidine 1.32%, valine 5.42%, threonine 3.60%, phenylalanine 4.55%, leucine 6.52% and isoleucine 3.95%.
(3) The feather powder is irradiated by a Co-60 radioactive source, and the irradiation dose is 10 kGy.
Through determination, the components and the amino acid content of the feather powder subjected to Co-60 irradiation are as follows: dry matter 90.1%, protein 85.4%, fat 4.8%, ash 1.2%. Methionine 0.41%, lysine 1.60%, tyrosine 1.98%, arginine 5.28%, histidine 1.32%, valine 5.42%, threonine 3.60%, phenylalanine 4.55%, leucine 6.52% and isoleucine 3.95%.
Example 3: aquatic animal feed prepared from irradiated feather powder
The aquatic feed contains 30% fish meal, and other components including chicken meat powder, soybean meal, soybean protein concentrate, cottonseed meal, flour, fish oil, vegetable oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, amino acid premix, and mineral salt premix. The fish meal comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 91.0% of dry matter, 66.3% of protein, 8.3% of fat, 17.8% of ash and 0.9% of water. The amino acid composition is as follows: methionine 1.92%, lysine 5.21%, tyrosine 1.70%, arginine 3.54%, histidine 2.59%, valine 3.44%, threonine 3.15%, phenylalanine 2.89%, leucine 5.20% and isoleucine 3.02%. The feather meal irradiated by Co-60 of example 2 (dry matter 90.1%, protein 85.4%, fat 4.8%, ash 1.2%, moisture 9.9%, amino acid composition of methionine 0.41%, lysine 1.60%, tyrosine 1.98%, arginine 5.28%, histidine 1.32%, valine 5.42%, threonine 3.60%, phenylalanine 4.55%, leucine 6.52% and isoleucine 3.95%) was taken and 40% of fish meal in the feed formulation was replaced by equal amount of protein. The feed replacing fish meal has a fish meal content of 18% and feather meal content of 10%.
The feed containing 30% of fish meal (feather meal content is 0%) comprises the following crude components: 49.7% of protein, 9.2% of fat, 12.6% of ash, 2.2% of phosphorus and 6.5% of water; the amino acid composition is as follows: methionine 0.84%, lysine 3.21%, tyrosine 1.16%, arginine 2.87%, histidine 1.84%, valine 2.47%, threonine 2.02%, phenylalanine 2.28%, leucine 3.72% and isoleucine 2.17%.
The coarse components of the feed (containing 18 percent of fish meal and 10 percent of feather meal) using the irradiated feather meal to replace the fish meal are as follows: protein 51.4%, fat 9.4%, ash 10.1%, phosphorus 1.7%, water 8.3%; the amino acid composition is as follows: methionine 0.62%, lysine 2.50%, tyrosine 1.00%, arginine 2.62%, histidine 1.44%, valine 2.22%, threonine 1.80%, phenylalanine 2.08%, leucine 3.37% and isoleucine 1.90%.
Example 4: effect verification test for replacing fish meal in micropterus salmoides feed by using irradiated feather meal
(1) The culture conditions are as follows:
fish species: micropterus salmoides, weighing 14 grams; a culture environment: 350L of cylindrical water tanks, and 25 fish are put in each water tank; fresh water with the water temperature of 22-30 ℃ and dissolved oxygen of 6 mg/L.
5 kinds of feed are adopted:
1) and (3) feed C: the basic feed contains 30% of fish meal. The other components of the feed comprise chicken powder, soybean meal, soybean protein concentrate, cottonseed meal, flour, fish oil, vegetable oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, amino acid premix and mineral salt premix.
2) Feed F20, F40: 20% and 40% of fish meal in the feed C are respectively replaced by feather meal which is not subjected to irradiation treatment (according to the principle of equivalent protein replacement, the content of the fish meal in the formula is respectively 24% and 18%, and the content of the feather meal is respectively 5.3% and 10.6%.
3) Feed IF20, IF 40: the feather powder (irradiation dose 10kGy) treated by Co-60 irradiation is used for replacing 20% of fish meal and 40% of fish meal in the feed C respectively (according to the principle of equivalent protein replacement, the fish meal content in the formula is respectively 24% and 18%, the feather powder content is respectively 5.3% and 10.6%. the feed C, F20, F40, IF20 and IF40 contain 49% of protein and 9% of crude fat).
(2) The culture process and the method are as follows:
culturing time: and 8 weeks. Each feed was fed to 3 sinks. During the test period, the feed is fed into the water tanks twice a day according to the sufficient amount, and the feeding method and the environment between the water tanks except the feed are kept consistent. The fish were weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment, and sampled for analysis of the rough components of the fish.
(3) And (3) breeding results:
as can be seen from table 1, the weight and body weight gain of the micropterus salmoides fed with feed IF40 did not show significant differences at the end of the experiment compared to the micropterus salmoides fed with feed C. As can be seen from table 2, at the end of the experiment, there was no significant difference in fish body composition between micropterus salmoides ingested with different feeds at the same fish meal level; compared with the micropterus salmoides fed with the feed C, the micropterus salmoides fed with the feeds F20, F40, IF20 and IF40 have no significant difference in fish body composition at the end of the test.
TABLE 1 growth and food utilization of Micropterus salmoides fed with different breeds of feed
| Feed stuff | Powder weight (g) | Body weight gain (g) | Food intake (% d)-1) | Coefficient of feed | Protein deposition efficiency (%) |
| C | 69.69±2.24A | 55.31±2.02A | 2.15±0.13 | 0.91±0.05 | 42.10±2.05A |
| F20 | 64.03±5.32A | 49.77±5.47A | 1.96±0.11a | 0.87±0.08a | 41.21±4.25A |
| F40 | 62.45±2.17B | 47.85±2.24B | 1.91±0.13a | 0.86±0.08a | 40.63±4.32A |
| IF20 | 63.40±0.56B | 49.16±0.61B | 2.40±0.10b | 1.06±0.04b | 37.00±2.38A |
| IF40 | 66.61±1.83A | 52.62±1.90A | 2.38±0.06b | 1.02±0.04b | 35.25±0.86B |
Note: the capital letters in the same column represent the significant differences between the experimental groups F20, F40, IF20 and IF40 and the control group C;
the different lower case letters in the same column represent significant differences between experimental groups F20, F40, IF20, IF 40.
TABLE 2 Micropterus salmoides body composition fed on different feeds at the end of the experiment
| Feed stuff | Moisture (%) | Crude protein (%) | Crude fat (%) | Ash (%) | Phosphorus (%) |
| C | 720±8 | 174±6 | 61±5 | 40±1 | 7.7±0.3 |
| F20 | 723±2 | 168±0ab | 57±1ab | 40±0ab | 7.5±0.2 |
| F40 | 723±5 | 166±3a | 60±3ab | 39±1a | 7.2±0.2 |
| IF20 | 715±3 | 175±4b | 62±1b | 41±1b | 7.3±0.2 |
| IF40 | 725±1 | 167±4a | 56±3a | 40±1ab | 7.4±0.2 |
Note: the different lower case letters in the same column represent significant differences between experimental groups F20, F40, IF20, IF 40.
Test results show that the amount of fish meal in the micropterus salmoides feed formula can be reduced from 30% to 24% by directly adding 5.3% feather powder; the addition of 10.6% of the irradiated feather powder can reduce the fish meal dosage in the feed formula of the micropterus salmoides from 30% to 18% and has no adverse effect on the growth, feed utilization and fish body composition of the micropterus salmoides.
Example 5: effect verification test for replacing fish meal in trachinotus ovatus feed by irradiated feather meal
(1) The culture conditions are as follows:
fish species: trachinotus ovatus, the weight of which is 32 g; a culture environment: 1 × 1 × 1.5 m net cages, and 23 fish are put in each net cage; seawater with water temperature of 24-27 deg.C and salinity of 28-31 ‰.
5 kinds of feed are adopted:
1) and (3) feed C: basic feed, fish meal content 25%. The other components of the feed comprise chicken powder, soybean meal, soybean protein concentrate, cottonseed meal, flour, fish oil, vegetable oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, amino acid premix and mineral salt premix.
2) Feed F20, F40: feather meal which is not subjected to irradiation treatment is respectively used for replacing 20 percent of fish meal and 40 percent of fish meal in the feed C (according to the principle of equivalent protein replacement, the content of the fish meal in the formula is respectively 20 percent and 15 percent, and the content of the feather meal is respectively 4.3 percent and 8.6 percent.
3) Feed IF20, IF 40: the feather powder (irradiation dose 10kGy) treated by Co-60 irradiation is used for replacing 20 percent of fish meal and 40 percent of fish meal in the feed C respectively (according to the principle of equivalent protein replacement, the content of the fish meal in the formula is 20 percent and 15 percent respectively, the content of the feather powder is 4.3 percent and 8.6 percent respectively, the feed C, F20, F40, IF20 and IF40 contain 47 percent of protein and 8 percent of crude fat).
(2) The culture process and the method are as follows:
culturing time: and 8 weeks. Each feed is fed with 3 net cages. During the test period, the feed is fed into the net cages twice a day according to the enough amount, and the feeding method and the environment between the net cages except the feed are kept consistent. The fish were weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment, and sampled for analysis of the rough components of the fish.
(3) And (3) breeding results:
as can be seen from table 3, the weight and body weight of trachinotus ovatus fed with feed F20 and F40 were significantly reduced at the end of the test, compared with trachinotus ovatus fed with feed C, while those fed with feed IF20 and IF40 showed no significant difference at the end of the test. As can be seen from table 4, compared with trachinotus ovatus fed with feed C, trachinotus ovatus fed with feed IF20 has no significant difference in the water content, crude fat and phosphorus composition at the end of the test, and trachinotus ovatus fed with feed IF40 has no significant difference in the water content, crude protein, crude fat and ash composition at the end of the test.
TABLE 3 growth and food utilization of trachinotus ovatus fed with different kinds of feed
| Feed stuff | Powder weight (g) | Body weight gain (g) | Food intake (% d)-1) | Coefficient of feed | Protein deposition efficiency (%) |
| C | 158.9±2.1A | 126.9±1.7A | 3.29±0.03 | 1.39±0.02 | 24.94±0.65 |
| F20 | 145.2±1.1aB | 113.4±2.2abB | 3.11±0.09 | 1.34±0.06 | 24.57±1.25 |
| F40 | 143.6±3.4aB | 111.4±2.5aB | 3.18±0.02 | 1.42±0.02 | 24.33±0.16 |
| IF20 | 161.1±1.0cA | 129.3±1.1cA | 3.34±0.14 | 1.41±0.06 | 22.60±0.83 |
| IF40 | 151.6±0.7bA | 120.3±1.1bA | 3.30±0.02 | 1.41±0.02 | 24.09±0.48 |
Note: the capital letters in the same column represent the significant differences between the experimental groups F20, F40, IF20 and IF40 and the control group C;
the different lower case letters in the same column represent significant differences between experimental groups F20, F40, IF20, IF 40.
Table 4 composition of trachinotus ovatus bodies fed with different feeds at the end of the experiment
Note: the capital letters in the same column represent the significant differences between the experimental groups F20, F40, IF20 and IF40 and the control group C;
the different lower case letters in the same column represent significant differences between experimental groups F20, F40, IF20, IF 40.
Test results show that the fish meal dosage in the trachinotus ovatus feed formula cannot be lower than 20% by directly adding the unirradiated feather meal; the addition of 8.6% of irradiated feather meal can reduce the fish meal dosage in the feed formula of Micropterus salmoides from 30% to 15% and has no adverse effect on the growth, feed utilization and fish body composition (except phosphorus content) of trachinotus ovatus.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving the level of feather meal to replace fish meal in aquatic animal compound feed is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of irradiating the feather meal to prepare irradiated feather meal with the irradiation dose of 5-20kGy, using the irradiated feather meal to replace the fish meal in the aquatic animal compound feed, and according to the principle of equivalent protein replacement, the mass of the added protein of the irradiated feather meal is equal to that of the replaced fish meal, and the mass of the replaced fish meal is 6-19% of the total mass of the feed; after irradiation treatment, the content of crude protein, crude fat, ash and essential amino acid in feather powder changes by less than 5%; the irradiation treatment adopts electron lines generated by an electron accelerator of 0.2MeV to 10MeV or gamma rays generated by radioactive isotope Cs-137 or Co-60 to carry out quantitative irradiation.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the replaced fish meal accounts for 10-13% of the total mass of the feed.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the irradiated feather meal added is 5 to 15% of the total mass of the feed.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the amount of the irradiated feather meal added is 8 to 12% of the total mass of the feed.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said irradiation dose is from 10 to 20 kGy.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is performed by:
(1) measuring the crude components, energy content and amino acid composition of feather meal, fish meal and other feed raw materials;
(2) determining the irradiation dose: the dose of the irradiated feather powder is 5-20 kGy;
(3) determining an irradiation method: directly and quantitatively irradiating the feather powder by using electron rays generated by an electron accelerator from 0.2MeV to 10MeV or gamma rays generated by radioactive isotope Cs-137 or Co-60;
(4) according to the principle of equivalent protein substitution, the mass of the protein of the added irradiated feather meal is equal to that of the protein of the substituted fish meal, and the mass of the substituted fish meal is 6-19% of the total mass of the feed.
7. The aquatic animal compound feed prepared by the method of claim 1, wherein the aquatic animal compound feed comprises fish meal and irradiated feather meal, the total amount of the fish meal and the irradiated feather meal is 25-35% of the total mass of the feed, and the amount of the irradiated feather meal is 5-15% of the total mass of the feed; the using amount of the fish meal is 10-25% of the total mass of the feed.
8. The aquatic animal compound feed replacing fish meal with feather meal as claimed in claim 7, wherein the aquatic animal compound feed comprises fish meal and irradiated feather meal, the total amount of the fish meal and the irradiated feather meal is 25-32% of the total mass of the feed, wherein the amount of the irradiated feather meal is 8-12% of the total mass of the feed; the using amount of the fish meal is 15-20% of the total mass of the feed.
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