RU2470521C2 - Method for production of protein-and-vitamin feed flour of californian red worm hybrid and vermicomposted apple pomace - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the farming industry field, in particular, to a method for production of feed flour for farm animals. The feed flour production method involves introduction of worms into apple pomace substrate, vermicomposting, subsequent drying and milling. The substrate, milled and moistened to 80-90%, is placed in piles outdoors at a temperature no lower 15°C or within heated premises, becomes populated with worms and vermicomposted during 20 days. The worms and vermicompost are dried by convective method during 2 hours at a temperature of 21° and during 2 hours at a temperature of 24°-27° in vacuum. The produced dry mass is ground using a mill into particles sized 0.02-0.03 mm.

EFFECT: proposed invention usage will allow to manufacture a feed additive with high nutritive value.

6 tbl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to the production of feed flour for farm animals. Deficiency of animal protein in the diets of monogastric farm animals is one of the main factors restraining their growth and productivity, as well as increasing their number.

The proposed method for producing protein-vitamin feed meal (BVKM) is based on the use of a new source of animal feed - earthworm biomass grown using environmentally friendly resource-saving technology for vermicomposting apple pomace, which is a waste of the food industry.

BVKM is characterized in that it contains the following components: animal - flour from earthworms and vegetable - flour from vermicomposted apple pomace in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Flour from earthworms 60.0-65.0, flour from vermicomposted apple pomace 40 -35%.

The invention is intended to obtain a feed product and can be used by small, medium-sized farms, specialized industrial livestock enterprises and animal feed mills to ensure adequate nutrition of animals, as well as to fill the deficiency of animal protein, moreover, due to a fundamentally new source that is not used by humans for food.

Currently, as a feed of animal origin, mainly flour from fish and other marine animals is used. Known RF patent for the invention No. 2197836 "Method for producing fish feed flour" (Munin A.A., Lobova E.I., Rybakov O.M., Olonkin A.V. Publ.: 02.10.2003) and the RF patent for the invention No. 2336725 "A method of obtaining whole fodder meal from pinnipeds" (Boeva NP, Ilchenko MM, Sergienko EV Publ. 27.10.2008, bull. No. 30). However, these products are of low quality due to the high fat content and high price. The latter is constantly increasing, because ocean resources are limited due to intensive fishing, man-made pollution and climate change.

Various types of fodder meal of animal origin from meat and bones are known. The disadvantage of these products is the low quality of the products due to the possible microflora content, http://www.taim-agro.ru/.

Known feed additive for pigs (RF patent for the invention No. 2147200 "Feed additive for pigs" (Shakirov Sh.K., Zaripova L.P., Gareev R.G., Fedorov SB, Gaynullina M.K., Sungatov BC Publ .: 10.04.2000) However, it includes only a plant component and does not contain animal protein, which features a complex of essential and non-essential amino acids in a balanced ratio.

It is known that dry apple squeezes, which are waste products of the food industry, are included in pig diets in the amount of 20% of the diet's nutrition to increase productivity and improve the quality of pork, as well as increase the profitability of production (Medvedeva T.V. Apple squeezes in the diet of pigs for fattening / T. V.Medvedeva, A.N. Negreeva, V.A. Babushkin // J. Pig Production No. 2, pp. 22-23, 2007).

There is an application for a patent of the Russian Federation 2008111671 from 10.10.2009, bull. 28, according to which a positive decision was received on "A method for producing vermicompost through accelerated processing of chicken manure with a California red earthworm hybrid." IPC С05F 3/00, authors Irikov O.V., Popov P.A.

The aim of the invention is to provide a method for producing cheap domestic-made feed flour with high nutritional value, including an animal component that is not used in human food and compensating for the animal protein deficiency in animal husbandry, as well as a plant component containing a number of biologically active substances.

This goal is achieved by growing a population of red hybrid California earthworm on a substrate consisting of apple pomace. To do this, the crushed substrate, moistened to 80-90%, is placed with collars in open areas, at a temperature of at least 15 ° C, or in a heated room, populated with worms and vermicompost for 20 days, dried worms and vermicompost, convective method for 2 hours at a temperature of 21 ° C and for 2 hours at a temperature of 24-27 ° C in vacuum, the resulting dry mass is crushed in a mill to a particle size of 0.02-0.03 mm

The animal component of BVKM is a full-fledged feed product and is inferior only to fish meal that has been slightly traditionally used for this purpose in terms of relevant indicators (table 1).

Table 1 The amino acid content in animal feed products (calculated by weight of air-dry matter,%) Names of amino acids Meat and bone meal Earthworm Flour Fish flour Irreplaceable: Valia 1,518 2,484 3,349 Isoleucine 1,115 2,179 2,719 Leucine 2,123 4,169 4,936 Lysine 1,411 3,724 5,552 Methionine 0.539 1,250 2,368 Threonine 1,287 2,731 3,061 Replaceable: Alanya 1,705 2,949 3,855 Arginine 2,122 3,777 4,292 Aspartic acid 2,862 5,281 7,072 Histidine 1,308 1,903 2,541 Glycine 2,054 2,713 3,415 Glutamic acid 3,864 8,043 8,983 Proline 2,142 2,177 3,228 Series 1,485 2,670 2,702 Tyrosine 0.680 1,886 2,000 Cystine 0.469 0.899 0.841 Phenylalanine 1,346 2,164 2,587

The crude protein content in meat and bone meal is 31.75%, in earthworm flour 57.68%, and in fish meal 65.63%.

In addition, the claimed BVKM differs, along with the above-mentioned set of features, the second component is vegetable, in the form of apple pomace, previously used as a substrate for growing worms. Apple pomace is a valuable feed product containing almost the entire complex of biologically active substances and other essential nutrients, including substances with antioxidant properties and a group of vitamins (table 2).

It should be noted that the composition of BVKM included not fresh apple squeezes, but vermicomposted, i.e. metabolic products of worms. It is known that the bioavailability of substances containing in the substrate, after vermicomposting increases.

The technical result consists in increasing the nutritional value of the product due to the highly balanced high-grade protein of the animal component, as well as a complex of biologically active substances of the plant component.

table 2 Biochemical composition of 100 g of fresh apple pomace Indicators Concentration Fats,% 1.5 ± 0.08 Protein,% 0.6 ± 0.02 R-active substances, mg, 64.0 ± 1.75 including: catechins 5.3 ± 0.12 anthocyanins 4.1 ± 0.07 flavonols 54.6 ± 1.55 Ascorbic acid, mg 24.8 ± 0.75 Carotenoids, mg 0.26 ± 0.017 Vitamin B ₁ mg 0.029 ± 0.004 Vitamin B ₂ mg 0.015 ± 0.003 Vitamin E, mg 2.34 ± 0.110

In the inventive feed product uses a new source of protein of animal origin of domestic production, and not included in the human diet. In the production of this feed product, resource-saving technology for vermicomposting apple squeezes is used, which ensures the parallel production of raw materials of animal origin and increases the digestibility of apple squeezes, as well as their utilization, which positively affects the ecology of the environment.

The declared feed meal has low costs per unit of production, since earthworms grown using non-energy-intensive technology - vermicomposting are used as a source of animal protein. Their cultivation can be carried out at almost any livestock enterprise, which significantly reduces the price of BVKM (Fig. 1).

One of the main advantages of BVKM is an increase in the efficiency of assimilation of animal nutrients by the body of animals, which allows to increase the efficiency of nutrients and thereby stimulate animal productivity.

The advantages of BVKM are confirmed by the results of scientific and economic experience, which was carried out on three groups of farmed broiler chickens (cross-shift), selected on the basis of analogues (table 3).

Table 3 Experience outline Groups Group Feature Livestock 1st group Control
The main diet (RR) 960 goals 2nd group Experienced *
OR + BVKM (50% of flour from worms) 960 goals 3rd group Experienced
OR + BVKM (60% of flour from worms) 960 goals Note: * in the diets of chickens of both experimental groups, fish and meat flour was replaced with an equivalent amount of BVKM taking into account the nutritional value

The composition and nutritional value of the main diets for farmed chickens of different ages are presented in table 4.

Table 4 The composition and nutrition of the main rations,% Components Start 1 (6-14) Start 2 (15-20) Growth (21-28) Finish (29-38) Corn 40,0 40,0 40,0 50,0 Wheat 15,856 17,389 17,589 9.03 Soybean meal 30,0 28.8 26.6 23.0 Fish flour 5.5 4,5 3,5 - Meat meal - - - 4,5 Vegetable oil 3,5 3,7 4,5 5,0 Alcohol yeast - - 2.5 3,5 Syrup 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 Defluorinated phosphate 1.55 1,67 1.44 1.26 a piece of chalk 0.63 0.75 0.6 0.5 Premix AF-1101A 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 Common salt 0,077 0,074 0.11 0.11 Lysine 0,038 0.05 0,072 - Methionine 0.273 0.277 0.299 0.31 Threonine 0,026 0.04 0.04 0.04 Toxinyl 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Salmonil 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Exchange energy, kcal 304.2 305.0 309.8 315.6 Crude protein 22.0 21.0 20.5 19.5 Crude fat 6.25 6.36 7.13 7.99 Crude fiber 2.72 2.7 2.64 2.49 Lysine 1.32 1.25 1.23 1,1 Methionine 0.65 0.63 0.63 0.61 Tryptophan 0.276 0.26 0.26 0.23 Threonine 0.87 0.84 0.82 0.77 Linoleic acid 3.06 3.16 3.63 4.06 Calcium 1,0 1.05 0.9 0.9 Phosphorus 0.74 0.74 0.7 0.7 Sodium 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 Chlorine 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.15 Potassium 0.84 0.82 0.78 0.72 Manganese, mg / kg one hundred one hundred one hundred one hundred Iron, mg / kg fifty fifty fifty fifty Copper mg / kg 8.5 8.6 8.48 8.4 Iodine, mg / kg 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 Cobalt, mg / kg 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0

As can be seen from the data presented, the safety of the broiler chickens in the third group, received with a diet in which fish and meat flour was replaced with an equivalent nutritional value of BVKM (60% worms, 40% apple squeezes), turned out to be almost the same. as in the control group (table 5).

Table 5 Broiler viability,% Indicators Control, 1 group 2 group 3 group Forced culling 1.9 4.4 2,3 Case 2.6 2.0 2,4 Culling + case 4,5 6.4 4.7

An analysis of the data on the dynamics of live weight of broiler chickens shows that BVKM is a valuable feed product that provides (group 3) stimulation of growth and development of chickens, which resulted in a significant increase in this indicator at the end of the growing period by 4.06% (table 6).

Table 6 The dynamics of the live weight of broilers (g) when including BVKM in the diet Age of chickens, days Control, 1 group 2 group 3 group 7 138 ± 0.7 136 ± 1.0 150 ± 0.5 fourteen 300 ± 2.4 308 ± 1.9 340 ± 2.8 21 656 ± 2.5 618 ± 3.6 672 ± 3.0 28 1053 ± 4.4 1057 ± 4.7 1066 ± 8.2 35 1601 ± 6.1 1611 ± 5.5 1617 ± 4.9 38 days cockerel 2117 ± 21.3 2069 ± 21.3 2193 ± 21.1 * 38 days chicken 1768 ± 20.9 1715 ± 16.5 1851 ± 20.6 * Average 1943 + 22.1 1892 ± 18.9 2022 ± 21.1 * Note: * significantly compared with the control group at P≤0.05

The calculation of economic efficiency showed that the use of BVKM instead of animal feed during broiler rearing reduces the cost of growth in live weight units by 17.5%. At the same time, the output of livestock products per 1 ruble of spent feed increases by 19.8%.

The proposed technology for obtaining BVKM is based on the use of a new source of protein of animal origin of domestic production, and not used by humans for food, and the disposal of food industry waste - apple pomace through vermicomposting.

As a result, the cost of feed flour is reduced and the cost of poultry meat is reduced, as well as environmental pollution.

Claims (1)

A method for the production of fodder flour, including the introduction of earthworms into a substrate from apple pomace, vermicomposting, subsequent drying and grinding, characterized in that the crushed substrate moistened to 80-90% is placed with collars in open areas at a temperature of at least 15 ° C, or in a heated room, populate with worms and vermicompost for 20 days, dry the worms and vermicompost using the convective method for 2 hours at a temperature of 21 ° and for 2 hours at a temperature of 24-27 ° in vacuum, the resulting dry mass is crushed into mill to a particle size of 0.02-0.03 mm.

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