CN111572110A - 一种阻燃防割防酸碱面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种阻燃防割防酸碱面料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111572110A
CN111572110A CN202010466180.8A CN202010466180A CN111572110A CN 111572110 A CN111572110 A CN 111572110A CN 202010466180 A CN202010466180 A CN 202010466180A CN 111572110 A CN111572110 A CN 111572110A
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acid
base
resistant
flame
retardant
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李振
张洪波
韦红莲
李晓茹
徐艳秋
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Safmax Qingdao Protective Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种阻燃防割防酸碱面料，它由阻燃防酸碱层、防割层和亲肤层三层结构组成，所述阻燃防酸碱层是采用合成芳纶和碳纤维混纺的纱线织成的面料作基布，并通过防酸碱涂胶涂覆在所述基布表面而制得；所述防割层是由超高分子聚乙烯(PE)、芳纶、玻纤混纺的纱线织成的防割布；所述亲肤层采用单向导湿针织布，所述阻燃防酸碱层与防割层缝制在一起，所述阻燃防酸碱层的基布通过透湿胶与亲肤层中的单向导湿布复合到一起，本发明将阻燃防酸碱层、防割层缝制在一起，一方面可形成具有防酸碱效果的基层，有效起到防酸碱的作用，另一方面最外层的防割层可以达到防割的效果。

Description

一种阻燃防割防酸碱面料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于功能防护纺织品技术领域，具体涉及一种阻燃防割防酸碱面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
功能性防护纺织品具有抗紫外线、防辐射、阻燃、耐高温、抗油、防酸、防静电、防恶劣气候等功能，为危险环境的工作人员提供安全防护，以避兔生命财产的巨大损失。随着工业的飞速发展，人们在工作、生活中面临越来越多的威胁,如水、火、静电、放射源、毒剂、病毒等，为了抵御这些威胁,减少不必要的损失，对纺织品的安全防护性能提出了更高的要求，从主观上和客观上推动了功能性防护纺织品的发展。目前,防护纺织品具有阻燃、隔热、防酸、防毒、抗静电、防水透湿、防辐射、防寒保暖等功能,己成为技术含量高、品种功能齐全、市场容量较大的科技领域。
随着人们生活水平的提高和劳动保护政策的不断健全，人们对防护服的安全防护性能要求日益提高，防护纺织品越来越受到消费者的亲睐，其应用领域也日益扩大。因此，开发节能环保、健康舒适、安全防护的多功能防护纺织品，利于提高纺织品的附加值,适应市场发展的需要，同时对保障人们的健康安全具有重要的现实意义。由原来的单一功能逐步发展到多功能的复合，通过简单的助剂整理发展到对纤维进行改性处理，工艺和技术都在不断进步。
阻燃防割防酸碱多功能面料是特殊行业所需求的一种集多种功能于一体的复合功能性面料，目前市场上单一功能的功能防护面料己无法满足需求。防酸碱面料多是通过在普通染色面料的基础上做防酸碱的特种后整理，但一般的防酸碱剂使用在阻燃面料表面会影响其阻燃效果，因此需要考虑如何在保证阻燃和防割效果的基础上进一步实现防酸碱效果。
发明内容
为了解决背景技术中出现的技术问题，使面料具有永久的阻燃、防割功能，而且还具有良好的防酸碱功能，提供了一种阻燃防割防酸碱面料及其制备方法。
本发明提供了一种阻燃防割防酸碱面料，它由阻燃防酸碱层、防割层和亲肤层三层结构组成，所述阻燃防酸碱层与防割层缝制在一起，所述阻燃防酸碱层通过透湿胶与亲肤层复合到一起，所述阻燃防酸碱层是采用合成芳纶和碳纤维混纺的纱线织成的面料作基布，并通过防酸碱涂胶涂覆在所述基布表面而制得，所述防割层是由超高分子聚乙烯(PE)、芳纶、玻纤混纺的纱线织成的防割布，所述亲肤层采用单向导湿针织布。
进一步的，所述阻燃防酸碱层中合成芳纶中各原料的质量百分比为：芳纶 1313纤维35-50％、芳纶1414纤维5-10％、碳纤维45-55％，所述原料的质量百分比之和为100％。
进一步的，所述防割层中各组分的质量百分比为：超高分子聚乙烯(PE) 55％、芳纶25％、玻纤20％，所有原料的质量百分比之和为100％。
本发明还提供了一种阻燃防割防酸碱面料的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
步骤l，采用在有机溶剂、酸、碱中不溶不胀的合成纤维芳纶1313纤维、芳纶1414纤维和耐蚀性突出的碳纤维混纺的纱线，织成阻燃防酸碱的基布，并制备防酸碱涂胶，将防酸碱涂胶涂覆在所述基布表面制得阻燃防酸碱层；
步骤2，采用超高分子聚乙烯(PE)、芳纶、玻纤混纺的纱线，织成的防割布，并将阻燃防酸碱层、防割层缝制在一起；
步骤3，将步骤2处理后的阻燃防割防酸碱层和亲肤层中的单向导湿布用透湿胶将他们复合到一起。
进一步的，所述步骤1中防酸碱涂胶以重量份计，丙烯酸甲酯50-70份、丙烯酸十八酯30-60份、表面活性剂10-20份、聚四氟乙烯5-10份、纳米粒子 5-10份、二氧化硅3-5份、助溶剂30-40份、水80-120份混合。
进一步的，所述步骤3中所述透湿胶直接涂覆在阻燃防割防酸碱层的基布和单向导湿布之间的表面，烘干，定型。
进一步的，所述烘干条件为120-140℃、15-20min，定型条件为180-200℃热烘。
进一步的，所述步骤3中的单向导湿布采用蜂巢状双层结构，其外层为十字形断面的改性聚酯纤维，而内层为普通吸水性聚酯纤维。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点和技术效果是：本发明采用阻燃防酸碱芳纶纤维，即合成芳纶为主要原料，并掺入碳纤维制成阻燃防酸碱层基布，使面料具有永久的阻燃、防酸碱的功能：并且制作超高分子聚乙烯(PE)、芳纶、玻纤混纺的纱线，织成的防割布形成防割层，将阻燃防酸碱层、防割层缝制在一起。一方面可形成具有防酸碱效果的基层，有效起到防酸碱的作用，另一方面最外层的防割层可以达到防割的效果。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明技术方案作进一步详细的说明。
实施例
一种阻燃防割防酸碱面料，它由阻燃防酸碱层、防割层和亲肤层三层结构组成，所述阻燃防酸碱层与防割层缝制在一起，所述阻燃防酸碱层通过透湿胶与亲肤层复合到一起。所述阻燃防酸碱层是采用合成芳纶和碳纤维混纺的纱线织成的面料作基布，并通过防酸碱涂胶涂覆在所述基布表面而制得；所述阻燃防酸碱层中合成芳纶中各原料的质量百分比为：芳纶1313纤维35-50％、芳纶1414纤维5-10％、碳纤维45-55％，所述原料的质量百分比之和为100％，防酸碱层是多种高性能纤维复合材料，其中含有碳纤维，所以面料耐酸碱腐蚀性和阻燃性极强，可循环使用。
防割层是由超高分子聚乙烯(PE)、芳纶、玻纤混纺的纱线织成的防割布；所述防割层中各组分的质量百分比为：超高分子聚乙烯(PE)55％、芳纶25％、玻纤20％，所有原料的质量百分比之和为100％，防割层主要成分是超高分子量聚乙烯纤维与芳纶的混合纱线，该面料柔软舒适，在达到同样的防护等级(防割周数≥7周)的情况下，比金属丝、凯夫拉纤维质量轻、面料薄，服装可以减重。
亲肤层为丰巢状双层结构的单向导湿面料。其纤维在纺丝时，将熔体粘度较低的含有亲水基团和纳米粉体的改性聚酯母粒，与常规聚酯切片以规定比例共混纺丝，从而将亲水基团引入纤维表面，改善了汗液对纤维的润湿性能，其横截面为十字形，经适度减量处理，在纤维表面仍保留部分亲水基团，同时使纤维形成微坑或树皮状沟痕样粗糙化表面，因此该改性聚酯织物具有快速润湿-吸湿及扩散能力，异形截面与表面的粗糙化也为汗液的蒸发扩大了比表面积。且该纤维分低温分散染料染色、低温阳离子染料染色两大类型。
单向导湿面料是亲水型改性涤纶纱线和拒水性纱线通过织物组织结构(双层织物)的搭配来实现的单向导湿功能，且是永久性的，区别于后整理面料，能将汗液快速的导至面料外层，当有污染物或者液体溅到外层面料时，液体在外层面料扩散蒸发，不会反渗进面料内层，使皮肤与面料接触时时刻保持干爽，该服装的亲肤层的单向导湿功能是最后一道防线，加强防护。亲肤层采用单向导湿面料借助异型截面纤维的毛细效应加速导湿，迅速扩大润湿面积有理由汗液的快速蒸发，导湿速率和干燥速率比普通面料快3倍以上。可以迅速地吸收人体发挥的汗液，吸收和锁住气体分子，防止皮肤表面细菌的滋生和异味地产生，这些气味分子在洗涤的时候会被释放和清除。
所述阻燃抗静电防酸碱功能性面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤l，采用合成纤维芳纶1313纤维、芳纶1414纤维在有机溶剂、酸、碱中不溶不胀，采用耐蚀性突出的碳纤维混纺的纱线，织成阻燃防酸碱的基布，并制备防酸碱涂胶。
防酸碱涂胶具体的制备方法：以重量份计，取丙烯酸甲酯50份、丙烯酸十八酯40份、表面活性剂12分、聚四氟乙烯7份、纳米粒子6份、二氧化硅4 份、助溶剂32份、水90份，混合，制成防酸碱涂胶，所述纳米粒子为纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化铁和纳米氧化锆的组合物，三者的用量为1:1:0.5。
然后将其直接涂覆在基布表面，处理后的基布置于浓度为35-45g/LPK591 整理剂的整理液中浸轧，轧余率为80％，120-150℃烘干1.5-2min，lmin，180-200℃热烘定型1.6-2.lmin，制得阻燃防酸碱层。
步骤2，采用超高分子聚乙烯(PE)、芳纶、玻纤混纺的纱线，织成防割布，将阻燃防酸碱层、防割层缝制在一起，缝制过程中粘合加工处理后的部位，应平整、密封，无气泡，装有拉链的部位拉链不能外露，拉头应能自锁。以阻止酸碱液体从孔隙、接缝、针孔等位置透过面料。
步骤3，将步骤2处理后的阻燃防割防酸碱的基布和单向导湿面料用透湿胶将他们复合到一起，所述单向导湿面料采用蜂巢状双层结构，其外层为十字形断面的改性聚酯纤维，而内层为普通吸水性聚酯纤维，所述透湿胶是聚氨酯类，透气性好，能将导至单向导湿面料外层的汗液蒸发掉，不会使汗液在单向导湿面料外侧聚集，从而影响穿着者的舒适性。
以上所述，仅是本发明的实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下，利用上述揭示的方法内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰，均属于权利要求书保护的范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种阻燃防割防酸碱面料，其特征在于：它由阻燃防酸碱层、防割层和亲肤层三层结构组成，所述阻燃防酸碱层与防割层缝制在一起，所述阻燃防酸碱层通过透湿胶与亲肤层复合到一起，所述阻燃防酸碱层是采用合成芳纶和碳纤维混纺的纱线织成的面料作基布，并通过防酸碱涂胶涂覆在所述基布表面而制得，所述防割层是由超高分子聚乙烯(PE)、芳纶、玻纤混纺的纱线织成的防割布，所述亲肤层采用单向导湿针织布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃防割防酸碱面料，其特征在于：所述阻燃防酸碱层中合成芳纶中各原料的质量百分比为：芳纶1313纤维35-50％、芳纶1414纤维5-10％、碳纤维45-55％，所述原料的质量百分比之和为100％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃防割防酸碱面料，其特征在于：所述防割层中各组分的质量百分比为：超高分子聚乙烯(PE)55％、芳纶25％、玻纤20％，所有原料的质量百分比之和为100％。
4.一种阻燃防割防酸碱面料的制备方法，其特征在于：它包括以下步骤：
步骤l，采用在有机溶剂、酸、碱中不溶不胀的合成纤维芳纶1313纤维、芳纶1414纤维和耐蚀性突出的碳纤维混纺的纱线，织成阻燃防酸碱的基布，并制备防酸碱涂胶，将防酸碱涂胶涂覆在所述基布表面制得阻燃防酸碱层；
步骤2，采用超高分子聚乙烯(PE)、芳纶、玻纤混纺的纱线，织成的防割布，并将阻燃防酸碱层、防割层缝制在一起；
步骤3，将步骤2处理后的阻燃防割防酸碱层和亲肤层中的单向导湿布用透湿胶将他们复合到一起。
5.根据权利要求4所述的阻燃防割防酸碱面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤1中防酸碱涂胶以重量份计，丙烯酸甲酯50-70份、丙烯酸十八酯30-60份、表面活性剂10-20份、聚四氟乙烯5-10份、纳米粒子5-10份、二氧化硅3-5份、助溶剂30-40份、水80-120份混合。
6.根据权利要求4所述的阻燃防割防酸碱面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤3中所述透湿胶直接涂覆在阻燃防割防酸碱层的基布和单向导湿布之间的表面，烘干，定型。
7.根据权利要求6所述的阻燃防割防酸碱面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述烘干条件为120-140℃、15-20min，定型条件为180-200℃热烘。
8.根据权利要求4或6所述的阻燃防割防酸碱面料的制备方法，其特征在于：
所述步骤3中的单向导湿布采用蜂巢状双层结构，其外层为十字形断面的改性聚酯纤维，而内层为普通吸水性聚酯纤维。
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