CN111569032A - 一种治疗非小细胞肺癌的药物组合 - Google Patents
一种治疗非小细胞肺癌的药物组合 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物,包括蒸苦杏仁、桔梗、黄芩、全瓜蒌、半夏、浙贝母等方药组成。用于气滞痰凝,脾肺气虚所致咳嗽痰多,胸闷气短,胸部胀痛,纳呆乏力,舌质淡,苔白腻脉弦滑等证。方药结合现代医学研究成果,能够理气散结,燥湿化痰,补脾益肺,在直指根本的同时,也从病因病理多角度出发,对患者进行治疗。这也是治疗非小细胞肺癌的创新之处。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗肺癌的中药制剂,尤其涉及一种治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物。
背景技术
因烟草的大量使用,自然环境多 重性的污染和有害物质的广泛接触,人类生存环境日益恶化,世界各国肺癌的发病率和死亡率急剧上升,并且将在相当长的时间内呈显著上升趋势。
现有针对肺癌的中药制剂有许多,但均忽略了脾胃为元气生化之源,肺为脾土之子,脾气不足,最易导致肺气升降失常的情况。也就是说,脾气之不足导致了肺气的不足,因而肺的宣发肃降功能得不到正常的发挥。肺气升降失常则肺气郁结于胸中,聚湿生痰,痰湿积郁肺中,长久不化则凝结成块,形成肿物。再一个就是忽视了大肠对排浊功能的调节。因为肺与大肠相表里,腑气以通为顺,大肠功能的正常与否影响着肺宣发肃降功能的发挥。特别是轻微的功能不正常最易被医生忽视,认为这都是无关抗癌大局。另外忽视了对患者抑郁、焦虑、轻微失眠等症状的治疗。因为这些症状易被忽视且严重降低人体免疫力。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:克服现有技术不足之处,提供一种理气散结,燥湿化痰,补脾益肺的治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物,能够有效的治疗或者说改善患者气滞痰凝,脾肺气虚所致咳嗽痰多,胸闷气短,胸部胀痛,纳呆乏力,舌质淡,苔白腻脉弦滑等证。
为了实现以上目的,本方案采取的技术方案为:
一种治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物,其具体组合物由以下原料制成:蒸苦杏仁、桔梗、黄芩、全瓜蒌、半夏、浙贝母、煅白石英(粗粉)、薤白、麸炒枳实、厚朴、夏枯草、唐古特大黄、火麻仁、炒枸杞叶、炒大枣、炒秫米、蔷薇红景天、板桥党参、炒焦麦麸(包煎)、麸炒白术、白茯苓、甘草、仙鹤草、煅花蕊石(粗粉)、莪术、丹参、生牡蛎(粗粉)、酒山茱萸、当归、炒白芍、北沙参、麦冬、炒枸杞子、淫羊藿与制附子。
进一步的,所述治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物配比如下:蒸苦杏仁6-36g、桔梗6-36g、黄芩6-15g、全瓜蒌12-35g、半夏8-30g、浙贝母15-35g、煅白石英(粗粉)15-50g、薤白10-30g、麸炒枳实8-15g、厚朴10-25g、夏枯草20-40g、唐古特大黄6-25g、火麻仁10-35g、炒枸杞叶10-25g、炒大枣12-35g、炒秫米15-45g、蔷薇红景天3-10g、板桥党参8-35g、炒焦麦麸(包煎)3-18g、麸炒白术8-30g、白茯苓10-35g、甘草5-20g、仙鹤草15-40g、煅花蕊石(粗粉)15-50g、莪术8-25g、丹参8-25g、生牡蛎(粗粉)15-35g、酒山茱萸10-50g、当归10-30g、炒白芍12-35g、北沙参1-6g、麦冬1-5g、炒枸杞子1.2-12g、淫羊藿5-15g、制附子1-10g(先煎)。
进一步的,炒枸杞子与制附子用量比例为1.2:1。
进一步的,所述治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物,可按重量配比,在药学上可接受的载体,制成口服制剂。
进一步的,所述治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物中的紧缺药物炮制加工可采用以下步骤:
炒焦大枣:将适量大枣取出剖开,置锅内于武火炒至外表皮破裂,表面有焦斑;
炒秫米:将其炒致冒烟、浅棕色并带有香气时出锅放凉;
炒焦麦麸:将麦麸中的细粉筛去,待锅热时把麦麸放入锅内,不停地翻动,炒至冒烟焦黑色且有焦香气逸出时取出,放凉;
炒枸杞子:将其炒致浅棕红色并略带焦斑时出锅放凉。
煅白石英(粗粉):由煅白石英粉碎成粗粉。
生牡蛎(粗粉) :由生牡蛎粉碎成粗粉。
进一步的,所述治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物煎煮包括以下步骤:
a.将全部药物分成3份。唐古特大黄、制附子、甘草一份;薤白、莪术、麸炒枳实、当归、蔷薇红景天、麸炒白术、北沙参一份;其余药物一份。
b.唐古特大黄、制附子、甘草提取:将唐古特大黄、制附子与甘草同时加水浸泡1小时,加水量以稍高出药物为度,然后煎煮沸腾,期间补足挥发的水分,1小时后停火备用。
c.薤白、莪术、麸炒枳实、当归、蔷薇红景天、麸炒白术、北沙参提取:将以上药物水浸泡一小时,加水量以稍高出药物为度。煎煮沸腾后改为文火继续煎煮3分钟即停,以最大限度地保存挥发性成分。然后将药液倾出另器保存备用。药渣再与其余药一起煎煮。
d.综合提取及合并:将余下的药物浸泡一小时,再与煎煮后的唐古特大黄、制附子、甘草及其药液以及煎煮薤白、莪术、枳实、当归、蔷薇红景天、麸炒白术、北沙参后的药渣共同合在一起,再加水稍高出药物表面。头煎煎煮沸腾30分钟,二煎煎煮沸腾30分钟,期间补足挥发的水分。合并两次煎液,再与已经3分钟提取好的薤白、莪术、麸炒枳实、当归、蔷薇红景天、麸炒白术、北沙参液合并混匀。
进一步的,所述治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物均分,早晚各服用一次。
进一步的,所述治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物中炒枸杞叶优选产地为宁夏中宁县长山头乡盛果期的枸杞叶炒制品;唐古特大黄优选为产地为甘肃卓尼县;蔷薇红景天优选产地为新疆塔城额敏县,采摘月份优选为8月;白茯苓优选产地为安徽;当归产地优选为岷县;板桥党参为桔梗科植物川党参CodonopsistangshenOliv.的干燥根,主产于板桥镇;白术优选产地为天台石梁。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明用于气滞痰凝,脾肺气虚所致咳嗽痰多,胸闷气短,胸部胀痛,纳呆乏力,舌质淡,苔白腻脉弦滑等证。从根本出发,结合现代医学研究成果,能够理气散结,燥湿化痰,补脾益肺,在直指根本的同时,也从病因病理多角度出发,对患者进行治疗。这也是治疗非小细胞肺癌的创新之处。
具体实施方式
一种治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物,其具体组合物由以下原料制成:蒸苦杏仁、桔梗、黄芩、全瓜蒌、半夏、浙贝母、煅白石英(粗粉)、薤白、麸炒枳实、厚朴、夏枯草、唐古特大黄、火麻仁、炒枸杞叶、炒大枣、炒秫米、蔷薇红景天、板桥党参、炒焦麦麸(包煎)、麸炒白术、白茯苓、甘草、仙鹤草、煅花蕊石(粗粉)、莪术、丹参、生牡蛎(粗粉)、酒山茱萸、当归、炒白芍、北沙参、麦冬、炒枸杞子、淫羊藿与制附子。
进一步的,所述治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物配比如下:蒸苦杏仁6-36g、桔梗6-36g、黄芩6-15g、全瓜蒌12-35g、半夏8-30g、浙贝母15-35g、煅白石英(粗粉)15-50g、薤白10-30g、麸炒枳实8-15g、厚朴10-25g、夏枯草20-40g、唐古特大黄6-25g、火麻仁10-35g、炒枸杞叶10-25g、炒大枣12-35g、炒秫米15-45g、蔷薇红景天3-10g、板桥党参8-35g、炒焦麦麸(包煎)3-18g、麸炒白术8-30g、白茯苓10-35g、甘草5-20g、仙鹤草15-40g、煅花蕊石(粗粉)15-50g、莪术8-25g、丹参8-25g、生牡蛎(粗粉)15-35g、酒山茱萸10-50g、当归10-30g、炒白芍12-35g、北沙参1-6g、麦冬1-5g、炒枸杞子1.2-12g、淫羊藿5-15g、制附子1-10g(先煎)。
进一步的,炒枸杞子与制附子用量比例为1.2:1。
进一步的,所述治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物,可按重量配比,在药学上可接受的载体,制成口服制剂。
进一步的,所述治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物中的紧缺药物炮制加工可采用以下步骤:
炒焦大枣:将适量大枣取出剖开,置锅内于武火炒至外表皮破裂,表面有焦斑。
炒秫米:将其炒致冒烟、浅棕色并带有香气时出锅放凉。
炒焦麦麸:将麦麸中的细粉筛去,待锅热时把麦麸放入锅内,不停地翻动,炒至冒烟焦黑色且有焦香气逸出时取出,放凉。
炒枸杞子:将其炒致浅棕红色并略带焦斑时出锅放凉。枸杞子为养阴药物,其滋阴润燥的性能不适合脾虚肺癌患者服用。所以为了缓和其滋腻之性,将其微炒以更适合临床需要。
煅白石英(粗粉): 矿物类中药质地坚硬不易于煎出有效成分。其煎出率主要取决于粉碎度,常规都是以碎块形式入药。即使久煎也不易煎出有效成分。粉碎成粗粉后大大增加了其表面积,因而煎出率也就增加了。所以煅白石英粉碎成粗粉后煎出率大大提高,有效成分含量也大大增加,温肺下气,温肾助阳的功效也大大增强,所以对于肺癌的治疗也就当然会起到了意想不到的效果。
生牡蛎(粗粉):贝壳类中药与矿物药一样质地坚硬不易于煎出有效成分。其煎出率取主要决于粉碎度,常规都是将其粉碎成碎块入药。即使久煎也不易于煎出有效成分。粉碎成粗粉后大大增加了其表面积,因而煎出率也就增加了。由于牡蛎具有活性钙离子的抗癌活性[1]。大量活性钙离子的煎出使其抗癌活性也就大大增强,因而对于肺癌的治疗也就起到了意想不到的效果。
进一步的,所述治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物制备包括以下步骤:
a. 将全部药物分成3份。唐古特大黄、制附子、甘草一份;薤白、莪术、麸炒枳实、当归、蔷薇红景天、麸炒白术、北沙参一份;其余药物一份。
b.唐古特大黄、制附子、甘草提取:将唐古特大黄、制附子与甘草同时加水浸泡1小时,加水量以稍高出药物为度,然后煎煮沸腾,期间补足挥发的水分,1小时后停火备用。
甘草中的成分容易与附子中的双酯型生物碱发生脂交换反应,生成毒性更小的脂型生物碱[2]。附子毒性降低了,也就避免了对人体正气的损伤,使其更好的发挥温阳作用。根据“阳化气,阴成形”理论(见下文),其可以更好地发挥抗肿瘤作用,因而这种煎煮方法对于肺癌的治疗也就起到了意想不到的效果。
大黄主要含蒽醌类成分。蒽醌类成分分为游离蒽醌和结合蒽醌。泻下作用的物质基础―结合蒽醌。随着煎煮时间的延长,结合蒽醌通过水解或代谢,转化为其对应的游离蒽醌和糖类。游离蒽醌主要有: 大黄酚、大黄素、大黄酸等。大黄水煎液游离蒽醌在煎煮60min时达到最大值,随后几乎保持不变[3]。大黄素抗肺癌是多途径的,大黄酸也具有抗肿瘤活性。大黄经过久煎之后抗癌的有效成分达到了最大值。所以这种煎煮方法对于肺癌的治疗一定会起到意想不到的效果。
c.薤白、莪术、麸炒枳实、当归、蔷薇红景天、麸炒白术、北沙参提取:将以上药物水浸泡一小时,加水量以稍高出药物为度。煎煮沸腾后改为文火继续煎煮3分钟即停,以最大限度地保存挥发性成分。然后将药液倾出另器保存备用。药渣再与其余药一起煎煮。
d.综合提取及合并:将余下的药物浸泡一小时,再与煎煮后的唐古特大黄、制附子、甘草及其药液以及煎煮薤白、莪术、枳实、当归、蔷薇红景天、麸炒白术、北沙参后的药渣共同合在一起,再加水稍高出药物表面。头煎煎煮沸腾30分钟,二煎煎煮沸腾30分钟,期间补足挥发的水分。合并两次煎液,再与已经3分钟提取好的薤白、莪术、麸炒枳实、当归、蔷薇红景天、麸炒白术、北沙参液合并混匀。
进一步的,所述治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物均分,早晚各服用一次。
进一步的,所述治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物中炒枸杞叶优选为来自宁夏中宁县长山头乡盛果期的枸杞叶炒制品;唐古特大黄优选为产地为甘肃卓尼县;蔷薇红景天优选产地为新疆塔城额敏县,采摘月份优选为8月;白茯苓优选产地为安徽;当归产地优选为岷县;板桥党参为桔梗科植物川党参CodonopsistangshenOliv.的干燥根,主产于板桥镇;此处需要说明的是所述的板桥党参与同科植物党参Codonopsispilosula(Franch.)Nannf.非同一种植物。白术优选产地为天台石梁。
医治方法说明:
(一)中医论述
1、肺癌的形成机理
古人将肺的气机升降出入特点概括为“宣降”。通过其“宣” (向上、向外)“降” (向下、向内)的协调运动来实现其生理功能(主气、行水等)。凡脏腑经络之气,皆肺气所宣。宣发功能正常的对保证人体气液代谢,维护人体生命活动正常有重要的影响,对人体的免疫功能也起着十分明显的调节作用。肺的宣发又为其发挥清肃和下降功能的前提。而肺的“降”促进水液下行、推动糟粕传导和排泄浊气,有利于创造肺内“清肃”的环境;肺内清肃洁净的环境,才能保证肺内道路通畅,有利于肺气宣降运动[4]。
脾胃为元气生化之源,肺为脾土之子,脾气不足,最易导致肺气升降失常 [5]。所以脾气之不足导致了肺气的不足,因而肺的宣发肃降功能得不到正常的发挥。肺气升降失常则肺气郁结于胸中,聚湿生痰,痰湿积郁肺中,长久不化则凝结成块,形成肿物[6]。
另外根据“阳化气, 阴成形”理论,“阳化气”不及是肿瘤成因,“阴成形”太过是肿瘤形成结果[7]。
2、治法
理气散结,燥湿化痰,补脾益肺。
3、方解
方中蒸苦杏仁苦泄降气,止咳平喘;桔梗味辛、苦。辛开苦降。开宣肺气,祛痰邪;黄芩苦寒,燥湿解毒;瓜蒌清肺润肺,利气散结宽胸,润肠通便;半夏具温燥之性能燥湿而化痰,辛可理气而散结。浙贝母化痰止咳,清热散结;煅白石英温肺下气,温肾助阳,利尿消肿[8];薤白通阳散结,行气导滞。辛开行滞,苦泄痰浊,能散阴寒之凝结而温通胸阳。麸炒枳实破气消积,化痰除痞。本品味辛苦既可行气又可消痰,可治痰浊阻塞气机胸脘痞满之证。厚朴味辛、苦。行气,燥湿,消积,平喘。厚朴能下肺气,消痰涎而平喘。夏枯草味苦辛,清肝火,散郁结。唐古特大黄味苦,泻下攻积,通腑泄浊,解毒,活血祛瘀。火麻仁润肠通便。《药品化义》:“麻仁,能润肠,体润能去燥,专利大肠气结便秘。”唐古特大黄、火麻仁通腑气以降肺气。枸杞叶,《本草纲目》:“苦甘而凉,去上焦心肺客热。”《中药大辞典》:“苦、甘,凉。归心、肺、脾、肾经。补虚益精;清热明目。”所以综合来看,枸杞叶应该是苦、甘,凉。归心、肺、肝、脾、肾经。苦可清降肺气,甘可补五脏之精气。枸杞叶经炒制是去其凉性,取其降肺气和补益的作用,以更适合本病证需要。大枣易助湿生热,令人中满[9]。炒香增强其健脾作用,缓和其生湿气的作用[10]。所以痰湿患者不可多用生品,特别是气滞痰凝肺癌患者更应注意,不然会加重痰湿,病情因此而加重。大枣经过炒焦之后大大降低了生湿气的作用,增强了健脾作用。
时珍曰:秫者,肺之谷也,肺病宜食之。故能去寒热,利大肠。《简明中医辞典》:“秫米,甘,微寒。入胃,大肠经,和胃、安眠、止泻。治胃不和,夜不得眠,胃弱久泄”由此看来,秫米是归肺,胃,大肠经的。
因秫米微寒,为适应本病证要求将其微炒略带香气,以去其微寒之性且可以增加健脾功效。况且秫米入肺,胃,大肠经。脾与胃相表里,胃和则脾健;肺与大肠相表里,大肠不健当会影响肺气宣降,特别是其直入大肠经而治肺病。另外,秫米安神的作用特别适合于肺癌患者失眠的治疗。安神以利于患者免疫力恢复,秫米粘糯还能缓和药力骏猛的药物损伤脾胃。所以炒秫米应用一定会对肺癌的治疗起到意想不到的效果。
蔷薇红景天健脾益肺、清肺止咳、通脉平喘、化瘀止血[11] [12] [13]。
板桥党参补中益气,生津养血。用于治疗中气不足,肺气亏虚以及血虚萎黄、头晕心慌等。麦麸性味甘、淡,能和中益脾。麦麸炒焦健脾功效最为显著[14]。麸炒白术比生白术有更好的补气健脾、燥湿利水功效。白茯苓利水渗湿,健脾,安神。甘草补脾益气,润肺止咳,缓和药性。仙鹤草、煅花蕊石合而化瘀止血。莪术、丹参活血化瘀以消症癥瘕积聚,且丹参安神效果显著。生牡蛎软坚散结以利于癌肿消散。酒山茱萸补益肝肾,收敛固涩,还可以用于收敛止血。当归、炒白芍养血活血。血为气之母,以利于脾肺之气生。少量北沙参、麦冬以防燥湿药耗伤肺阴。适量炒枸杞子以补肝肾之阴,枸杞子经过炒制之后补而不腻。淫羊藿、制附子以温肾阳。炒枸杞子、淫羊藿、制附子阴阳双补,阴中求阳。
综观全方,蒸苦杏仁、桔梗宣降肺气,止咳化痰。黄芩清肺燥湿解毒。全瓜蒌、半夏、浙贝母化痰散结。半夏之燥与瓜蒌之润相反相成。白石英温肺下气,温肾助阳。厚朴、枳实行气消痰。夏枯草散郁结。唐古特大黄、火麻仁通腑泻浊,润肠通便,以利于降肺气。炒枸杞叶、炒大枣、炒秫米、蔷薇红景天、板桥党参、炒焦麦麸、麸炒白术、白茯苓、甘草合而健脾补肺,养血安神。仙鹤草、煅花蕊石、莪术、丹参合而化瘀消癥瘕,止血而不留瘀,又能防肺癌出血。生牡蛎软坚散结。酒山茱萸补益肝肾,收敛固涩。还可以用于收敛止血。当归、炒白芍养血活血以利于生气。少量北沙参、麦冬以防肺阴耗伤。适量炒枸杞子以补肝肾之阴而不生湿气。煅白石英、淫羊藿、制附子以温肾阳。煅白石英、淫羊藿虽然为温性,但温而不热。由于制附子辛热,易助火伤阴,所以为防制附子伤阴,酌配了一定比例炒枸杞子,炒枸杞子又补阴而不腻。这种比例使两者总体补阳而又不伤阴且可以达阴中求阳之目的。这也是本方可以长久服用且能保持显著疗效的原因所在。一定比例(炒枸杞子:制附子=1.2:1)的炒枸杞子与制附子配伍对于肺癌的治疗也就起到了意想不到的效果。
对于长期服药的患者来说,顾护胃气是最重要的。即使疗效很理想的药物,对胃有刺激性的药物都会损伤胃气,会让患者产生畏惧心理,对于免疫力的恢复都是不利的。因此在保证疗效的前提下应该选择对于胃刺激性最小的药物更利于临床疗效的发挥。所以本方选用了药食两用的炒枸杞叶、炒大枣、炒秫米、炒焦麦麸、炒枸杞子既可以健脾补肺又可以增加温性还能最大限度顾护人体正气。炒治属于火制,使药物温性增强更适合临床“阳化气”的需要,所以这些药物的应用临床取得了意想不到的效果。
此证型虽然表面看起来没有肾虚,但进一步的发展肯定会看出肾虚。当肾虚出现的时候实际是通过望闻问切人的感官而诊断出结果的时候。在人的感官诊断出肾虚之前其实肾虚是早就出现的了。因为这是一个渐变的过程。特别轻微的肾虚靠人体感官是诊断不出来的。而当人体感官诊断出来病证之后实际的情况是疾病已经发展到人体已经感知程度了。这段人体感官没有觉察的过程其实就是疾病被耽误的过程。所以临床诊断一定要有预见性,一定要走到病证的前面。这就是临床当中我们对于气滞痰凝,脾肺气虚证为何要加用补肾药的原因。肝郁和血瘀也是如此。肺癌的发生绝非偶然,肝郁则气滞,气滞则痰凝,痰凝则血瘀。这是疾病发展的必然过程。所以对于本病证来说,尽管有时没有感官上的肾虚、肝郁、血瘀出现,潜在却是必然的。所以补肾、疏肝解郁、活血化淤也是在治法上的创新点。这也是为什么临床当中会起到意想不到的效果的原因所在。但根据“阳化气, 阴成形”理论,整个方子应该是稍偏于温阳的。这种治法的疗效才是持久的,才利于肿瘤消散。
(二)方药说明与现代医学研究辅证
硒(Se)具有抗肿瘤作用,硒水平可明显地影响癌基因和抑癌基因的表达,硒与恶性肿瘤间存在明显的负相关关系。有研究发现,血硒含量与肿瘤生物学特性相关联,低硒可导致肿瘤远处转移,肿瘤多发,恶性程度高,易复发[15]。血清硒水平与肺癌发生呈负相关[16]。
苦杏仁主要有镇咳、平喘作用,其活性成分苦杏仁苷内服后,在体内β-葡萄糖苷酶作用下分解为氢氰酸和苯甲酸,氢氰酸对呼吸中枢有一定的抑制作用,使呼吸运动趋于安静从而达到镇咳平喘的作用。
苦杏仁中硒的含量为分别是花生仁,核桃仁,葵花仁的 3.97倍, 3.39倍,12.93倍。苦杏仁苷能显著促进小鼠NK细胞的活性。苦杏仁苷是治疗癌症的辅助药物,有良好的抗肿瘤作用。有研究表明苦杏仁苷对癌性胸水有一定程度的控制和缓解作用[17]。苦杏仁蒸制10分钟其中的有效成分氢氰酸含量最高[10]。其止咳平喘的作用更强,因而其降肺气的作用也会更大,肺气的宣发和肃降是肺癌治疗的基础,所以蒸苦杏仁的应用对于肺癌的治疗也就会起到意想不到的治疗作用。
桔梗有很好的宣肺利咽,祛痰排脓功效,桔梗能预防支气管炎并能有效改善支气管哮喘症状。桔梗皂苷类成分和桔梗多糖有抗肿瘤作用。桔梗总皂苷对脂多糖致大鼠急性肺损伤有明显的保护作用[18]。
黄芩具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒、止血安胎等功效。黄芩含有的黄芩素、黄芩苷、汉黄芩素、汉黄芩苷、千层纸素A等黄酮类活性成分具有抗病毒、抗菌、镇痛、解热、抗炎、调节免疫抗肿瘤等作用[19]。
黄芩作用于人体后,会由肺部先后进入胆、脾、大肠等部位而发挥清热、泻火、止血等作用。柴胡中有效成分的抗菌作用与黄芩比较,黄芩对病毒的抑制效果更强,其可更有效保护机体细胞。黄芩能抑制宫颈癌、肺癌、肝癌等肿瘤疾病的发展。利用CCK-8实验考察黄芩苷对肺癌细胞的抑制过程,实验结果表明,黄芩苷主要是以抑制MMP-2表达的形式抑制肺癌细胞,减弱肺癌细胞的增殖和迁移。黄芩具有增强机体免疫力的药理作用[20]。黄芩抑制多种肿瘤疾病发展的作用对于抑制肿瘤转移是非常重要的。
瓜蒌子中富含油脂、氨基酸、蛋白质等多种物质及维生素钙、铁、锌、硒等16种人体所需微量元素。瓜蒌子具有抗炎、抗肿瘤等多种
药理作用。从瓜蒌子中分离得到isoetin-5′-methylether对人肺癌 A549 细胞有明显的细胞毒作用 [21]。
瓜蒌皮能显著提高巨噬细胞活性及淋巴细胞的转化,还可显著提高小鼠碳粒廓清水平,促进免疫[22]。瓜蒌的润肠通便作用也利于降肺气。
通过四甲基偶氮唑盐( MTT) 比色法检测不同浓度半夏总生物碱( TATP) 对于肺癌细胞株 A549 细胞株的生长抑制作用,结果显示,在体外细胞培养条件下,半夏总生物碱能明显抑制 A549 细胞的增殖,其作用机制可能通过损伤肿瘤细胞 DNA有关[23]。近年来的研究表明半夏总蛋白具有抗肿瘤作用 [24]。
浙贝母碱可逆转肺癌A549/DDP 细胞株的多药耐药,其机理与促进细胞凋亡、下调L-RP蛋白表达、抑制ERCC1mRNA表达,从而降低DNA的修复能力有关[25]。
白石英温肺下气,温肾助阳,利尿消肿[8];由于矿物类中药质地坚硬,有效成分不易于煎出。煅后温性增强且坚硬度降低,易于粉碎。再加上粉碎成粗粉后大大增加了其表面积,所以水煎液中的有效成分的含量也大大增加了。因而其温肺下气,温肾助阳的功效也就大大增强。所以白石英煅制且粉碎成粗粉对于肺癌的治疗也就起到了意想不到的效果。
薤白皂苷能促进PGI2的合成,增强腺苷酸环化酶的活性,而提高cAMP水平,从而使支气管平滑肌松池,降低肺的内部阻力,同时薤白可以通过抑制血小板聚集而降低血液的粘稠度,进而改善肺部的微循环[26]。
研究表明,负性心理情绪尤其是抑郁、焦虑、恐惧等可刺激机体出现非特异性的应激反应,由神经-内分泌-免疫轴直接阻碍免疫系统的活动,从而降低患者的免疫力[34]。
薤白总苷各剂量组不仅能改善行为绝望抑郁模型小鼠的悬尾、游泳不动时间,利血平抑郁模型小鼠的体温下降,对慢性不可预知性抑郁模型大鼠,还可以明显改善脑匀浆中的单胺类神经递质5-HT、NE、DA 等含量以及血清中皮质酮(CORT)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)水平,并提高机体免疫功能,且对胸腺、脾脏、肾上腺、下丘脑神经细胞的病变情况有明显改善作用[27]。
薤白提取物能延长异丙肾上腺素作用的小鼠常压缺氧存活时间,对抗垂体后叶素所致的大鼠急性心肌缺血作用,并能明显保护缺血再灌注引起的大鼠心肌的损伤。薤白提取物可有效保护束缚应激所致抑郁状态导致的血管内皮结构和分泌功能损伤,可通过增强介导舒血管作用的5-TH1DmRNA和蛋白表达,抑制介导缩血管作用的5-TH2AmRNA和蛋白表达,从而对抑郁状态大鼠血管内皮功能发挥保护作用。研究表明气滞型大鼠血管内皮损伤中,环氧合酶-2和诱导型一氧化氮合酶蛋白含量增高,且两者之间的相互作用增强,可加重血管内皮损伤,薤白能够纠正这些异常,起到保护血管内皮免受损伤的作用。薤白挥发油能够明显抑制体外培养的肿瘤细胞生长,对S180和H22瘤细胞有明显的细胞毒效应。薤白挥发油能够增强S180荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能,这可能是其抑制体内肿瘤生长的机制之一。通过细胞生长抑制试验证明,不同浓度的薤白挥发油均可诱导胃癌细胞凋亡。薤白提取物有抑制凝血和抗血栓形成的作用[28]。薤白挥发油的抑制肿瘤细胞生长作用,增强荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的作用以及抑制凝血和抗血栓形成的作用对于肺癌的治疗无疑是非常重要的。而诱导胃癌细胞凋亡的作用也同样是重要的。因为肿瘤患者病情的恶化都是以转移为标志的。这样可以预防肺癌向胃的转移,从而为将癌细胞限制在肺中并将其杀灭创造了有利条件。薤白3分钟短时间的煎煮尽可能多地保留了挥发油,所以对于肺癌的治疗也就起到了意想不到的效果。
黄酮类化合物是一种具有多种药理活性的天然多酚类化合物,具有降血脂、抗抑郁、抗肿瘤、扩张血管等药理活性[29]。
黄酮类化合物是枳实中的主要有效活性成分,黄酮类化合物具有抑制肿瘤细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡的作用。黄酮类化合物均可抑制非小细胞肺癌的生长,其作用机制主要是调控癌细胞的凋亡和转移,黄酮类化合物可以抑制癌细胞在肺中的转移和定位[31]。
枳实挥发油中柠檬烯、芳樟醇含量较高,枳实挥发油具有镇痛作用,对耐药金葡萄球菌有抑制作用,柠檬烯有镇咳、祛痰、抗菌的作用;芳樟醇有防腐抗菌、抗病毒、镇静的作用[30]。柠檬烯的镇咳、祛痰的作用有利于肺癌的治疗。柠檬烯、芳樟醇都有抗菌作用,芳樟醇还有抗病毒作用对于肺癌患者预防感染非常重要。因为肺癌患者免疫力偏于低下,很容易造成感染而中断中药治疗。枳实的这种短时间煎煮,保留了更多的挥发性成分,因而柠檬烯和芳樟醇也就被更多的保留了下来,只有在肺癌患者不被感染的情况下才能保证其他抗癌药的正常服用,因而对于肺癌的治疗也就会起到了意想不到的作用。
厚朴抗肿瘤作用通过诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、促进肿瘤细胞分化、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、抑制肿瘤转移、抗肿瘤血管形成以及逆转肿瘤多药耐药实现。研究表明,厚朴酚与和厚朴酚在体内和体外均被发现可以抑制新生血管以及肿瘤的生长,并且在有效剂量范围内可以被宿主很好的耐受,其起作用的机制是: 在人的内皮细胞通过干扰血管内皮生长因子受体2(VEGFR2 ) 的磷酸化来抑制血管的生成。和厚朴酚还有抗焦虑抗抑郁的作用[32]。厚朴酚与和厚朴酚都是小分子物质,常规的中药煎煮大都需要煎煮30-40分钟,这些酚类物质大部分已损失掉,因而会对疗效产生严重影响。所以为了最大限度地保存有效成分将其水煎煮沸腾3分钟,将水煎液另器保存然后再将药渣和其它药一起煎煮。这样既保存了常规煎煮煎出的成分,又保留了更多的抑制新生血管以及肿瘤的生长、抗焦虑抗抑郁的易挥发成分,所以对于肺癌的治疗当然会起到意想不到的效果。
研究发现夏枯草多糖可以促进淋巴细胞转化增殖、诱生干扰素;夏枯草中齐墩果酸可显著抑制肺腺癌SPC-A-1 细胞的生长;乙醇提取物可体外诱导 A594 细胞凋亡[33]。夏枯草有显著抑制肿瘤血管新生的作用[35]。夏枯草活血化瘀作用能明显延长寒凝气滞急性血瘀模型大鼠的凝血酶原时间、缩短血浆优球蛋白溶解时间,对血液流变学部分指标有改善作用[36]。用夏枯草中 2 个三萜类化合物干预人肺癌细胞株 A549,发现其对A549 有明显的抑制作用[37]。
NK 细胞即自然杀伤细胞,是一类大颗粒淋巴细胞是机体抗肿瘤的第一道防线。其不需预先致敏,不依靠抗体和补体,也不受主要组织相容性复合物( MHC) 的限制,通过细胞毒作用直接杀伤。肿瘤患者微环境中,NK 细胞常功能缺失或耗竭,是影响细胞治疗效果和肿瘤预后的原因之一。NK 细胞是肿瘤微环境中构成间质的重要免疫细胞,机体抗肿瘤的第一道防线。其功能的发挥取决于其表面活化性受体和抑制性受体识别靶细胞表面相应配体后所传递信号的平衡状态。肿瘤发生发展过程中,调控NK 细胞活化受体和抑制受体的表达及肿瘤NK 细胞识别的配体表达的平衡状态,就会影响肿瘤发展进程和预后。大黄素可以通过影响NK 细胞传递信号的平衡状态,增强NK 细胞对人肺癌细胞A549 的杀伤效力。大黄素均能不同程度抑制A549 细胞生长,随着药物浓度的增大,抑制作用增强[38]。
大黄素不仅通过抑制血管的新生来抑制肿瘤的侵袭和转移,还可通过诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡,抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖以发挥抗癌作用。研究证实大黄素可显著抑制肺癌细胞A549的增殖,促进肿瘤细胞的凋亡。大黄素可降低A 549和H1299非小细胞肺癌细胞系的存活率,并呈浓度依赖性地诱导细胞凋亡的产生;大黄素还可以通过调控细胞周期来抑制异常的细胞增殖,从而发挥抗肿瘤作用;大黄素可直接作用于促细胞迁移和侵袭蛋白来抑制肿瘤细胞的扩散。大黄酸通过抑制细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡发挥抗肿瘤作用[39]。
蒽醌类是大黄主要活性成分之一,游离蒽醌包括大黄素、大黄酸等。甘肃卓尼县栽培唐古特大黄含游离蒽醌最高,为2. 07% [40]。
随着煎煮时间的延长,结合蒽醌通过水解或代谢,可以转化为其对应的游离蒽醌和糖类。大黄水煎液游离蒽醌在煎煮60min时达到最大值,随后几乎保持不变[3]。游离蒽醌越多大黄素、大黄酸就会越多,其抗癌的成分也就越多,抗癌作用也就会越强。由此看来,对于肺癌治疗如此重要的大黄素和大黄酸来说大黄60min的煎煮时间是至关重要的。抗癌作用也就是最强的。所以大黄煎煮60min对于肺癌的治疗来说肯定会起到意想不到的效果。
肿瘤患者的T细胞活性ANAE阳性细胞数明显下降 (P<0.01)。这也证明,在肿瘤的发生过程中,红细胞免疫和T细胞免疫功能同样是受到抑制的[80]。
宁夏中宁枸杞叶所含的药理活性成分、营养成分及微量元素与枸杞果实基本一致,但在含量上往往超过枸杞果实,其中钙、铁、尼克酸、胡萝卜素、抗坏血酸等含量以枸杞叶为高,氨基酸总含量也以枸杞叶为最。黄酮类化合物的含量就明显高于枸杞果实。枸杞叶硒的含量达到了92.82 μg/g,远远高于枸杞子或其它富硒的药用植物。枸杞叶水煎剂可使小鼠的胸腺和脾脏的重量显著增加,小鼠T淋巴细胞ANAE活性显著增强,小鼠T淋巴细胞转化率也有明显提高,而体内起主要作用的抗肿瘤细胞是T淋巴细胞。宁夏中宁盛果期枸杞叶具有增强小鼠体液免疫及细胞免疫的能力[41][42]。这些对于肺癌的治疗当然会起到很重要的作用。特别是枸杞叶中高含量的硒元素对于补充血清硒是非常重要的。因为血清硒正常可以有效抑制肿瘤远处转移,肿瘤多发。这是保证药物疗效的基础的基础,因为一旦肿瘤转移就标志着患者病情的进一步恶化。所以宁夏中宁枸杞叶的增强免疫作用、补充血清硒的作用,对于肺癌的治疗是非常重要的,肯定也就会起到意想不到的效果。
一听说是肿瘤人们往往想到药性骏烈的毒性药物,认为只有毒性的药物才可以杀灭癌细胞,而无毒无副作用的药物往往易被人们忽视。这是肺癌治疗当中的误区。究其原因还是对肿瘤发病原因认识不透彻。因为肺癌的产生本身就是免疫力低下造成的,药性骏烈毒性药物最易耗伤人体正气,使得免疫力进一步下降。所以对于肺癌的治疗,无毒副作用的药物当为首选,毒性药物的选择是不得已而为之。
诺贝尔医学奖得主、科学家萨瑟兰德提出,环磷酸腺苷(cAmp)是生命的第二信使,当细胞内没有了这种物质,细胞生命将不存在。天然的环磷酸腺苷可以修复细胞,缓解脑细胞疲劳,促进细胞的新陈代谢,具有抑制癌细胞生长和使癌细胞转化为正常细胞的作用。环磷酸腺苷是红枣中特色最为突出的重要生命物质,是所有已测动植物材料中含量最高的,为一般动植物材料环磷酸腺苷含量的数千至数万倍[43]。
经常食用大枣可以增加人体白血球内环磷酸腺苷的作用,具有良好的镇静、催眠作用。大枣经过炒制之后环磷酸腺苷的量增加了6倍[44]。
大枣中含有丰富的维生素C、维生素B 、多糖、蛋白质、环磷酸腺苷和黄酮类化合物,其中芦丁是黄酮类化合物中最具代表性的物质。
芦丁,具有抗炎、软化血管、降低毛细管通透性、改变血流微循环的作用。大枣经过炒焦后芦丁也有了升高[45]。
另外根据“阳化气, 阴成形”理论,肿瘤患者也必需扶阳,扶阳就要用温性的中药[46]。大枣的炒制属于火制,火制之后温性增强了。大枣经过炒焦之后还大大降低了生湿气的作用,增强了健脾作用。特别是其中含有的具有抗癌作用的环磷酸腺苷有了非常明显的升高,这对肺癌的治疗是最重要的。芦丁抗炎、软化血管、降低毛细管通透性的作用可以预防肺癌出血,改善微循环的作用可以改善肺癌患者血瘀的症状,可以使人体更好的发挥抗癌机能。所以炒大枣的应用在临床当中起到了意想不到的效果。
红景天为景天科(Crassulaceae)红景天属(Rho-diolaL.)植物,具有清热解毒、燥湿、滋补强壮、扶正固本的功效 [47]。红景天属植物的主要功效为活血止血、清肺止咳[13]。红景天甘、苦平。归肺、心经。益气活血,通脉平喘。用于气虚血瘀,胸痹心痛,中风偏瘫,倦怠气喘[11]。红景天性味甘寒,在中药药典中隶属于补虚药物,具有健脾益气、清肺止咳、活血化瘀的功效,擅治脾气虚衰的气喘乏力、阴虚咳嗽或咳血[12]。由此看来,红景天健脾益气、清肺止咳、解毒燥湿、化瘀止血的作用对于气滞痰凝,脾肺气虚的肺癌的治疗是非常重要的。
现代药理学研究表明,红景天多糖对血糖具有双向调节作用,以及调节免疫、抗肿瘤、抗衰老等功效,蔷薇红景天中含有多糖等有效成分[49]。红景天多糖能提高小鼠免疫应答能力;对老年小鼠 T 淋巴细胞亚群、外周血白细胞介素(IL)-2含量及抗体形成均有增强作用;可以促进骨髓造血细胞增殖,提高外周血白细胞和红细胞数,改善骨髓造血功能[51]。
红景天苷可诱导多种肺癌细胞系细胞凋亡,抗肿瘤的作用具有多个靶向性,包括抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、影响细胞周期分布、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、诱导肿瘤细胞向正常分化、抗血管生成及侵袭等多个方面。红景天活血化瘀功效可通过改善微循环、抗肿瘤血管生成、降低肿瘤高凝状态、减弱血小板聚集、降低肿瘤细胞黏附分子表达等方面影响肿瘤的发生及转移[12]。红景天苷为红景天中最主要的有效成分,通常以它的有无与含量的高低作为评价红景天药用价值的重要指标之一[47]。
蔷薇红景天(RhodiolaroseaL.)为景天科
(Crassulaceae)红景天属(RhodiolaL.)植物[48],也为红景天的一种。但有研究表明,青海大花红景天红景天苷的含量为0.403%,新疆蔷薇红景天红景天苷的含量为1.869%-2.025%[52]。新疆塔城额敏县的蔷薇红景天,8月采收红景天苷的含量高[47]。2015版<<中国药典>>收载的红景天为景天科植物大花红景天Rhodiolacrenulata(Hook.f.et Thoms.)H.Ohba的干燥根和根茎。规定红景天苷的含量不低于0.50%。药物对于肺癌的治疗说到底靠的是其中的有效成分,从有效成分含量来看新疆蔷薇红景天红景天苷的含量达到了青海大花红景天红景天苷含量的五倍。
由于红景天气清香宜人,所以头煎先煎煮沸腾3分钟保留其挥发性成分。红景天苷是红景天中重要的的抗癌成分而新疆蔷薇红景天又是含红景天苷最高的品种,再加上产地和采集季节的优势等这些因素所以新疆塔城额敏县8月采收的蔷薇红景天的采用对肺癌的治疗起到意想不到的效果当是显而易见的。
板桥党参多糖为板桥党参所特有,具有增强免疫力,抗肿瘤、防衰老等方面的药理作用,还含有非常丰富的具有重要生理意义的微量元素硒,经中国科学院武汉植物研究所化验, 板桥党参每克含硒量达40 mg/t 高于其他地区产品的几十倍 [50]。板桥党参独有的板桥党参多糖的增强免疫力,抗肿瘤作用,以及高于其他地区产品的几十倍含硒量无疑会对肺癌的治疗起到意想不到的效果。
麦麸性味甘、淡,能和中益脾。将麦麸炒至焦黑色制成炒焦麦麸。对麦麸的不同炒制品进行比较发现,以炒焦麦麸健脾功效最为显著[14]。研究表明,用文火加热,翻炒至表面微黄色,麸皮微卷,有麦香气为炒黄品。用中火加热,翻炒至表面焦黄色,麸皮卷翘,有焦香气时停火做成焦麦麸;用武火加热,翻炒至表面焦黑色,麸皮卷翘,有烟出时停火做成过焦麦麸。随着麦麸炒制程度(炒黄-炒焦-过焦)的加大,阿魏酸含量呈下降趋势,总黄酮含量呈增加趋势。阿魏酸具有抗氧化、抗血栓、降血脂、抗菌消炎等功效,天然黄酮类成分亦具有抗炎、消肿、降压、抗肿瘤等功效[53]。对以上两种研究的比较发现同样是焦麦麸程度略有差别。我们临床中应用的炒制的焦麦麸是将其炒焦有香气且不碳化。这样才可保证其焦香健脾的功效。对其炒制程度应该多因素综合考虑(温中健脾、阿魏酸含量、总黄酮含量),不能只考虑一个因素。所以我们临床当中应用的是炒焦的麦麸,既能保证焦香温中健脾,阿魏酸和总黄酮的含量又能保持一个较高的水平。炒制属于火制,可以增强其温性,温性属于阳。根据“阳化气, 阴成形”理论,温性药非常有利于抗癌。综合这些因素来看,炒麦麸对于抗癌肯定会起到意想不到的效果。
白术性温,味甘、苦,归脾、胃经,具有燥湿利水、止汗安胎、健脾补气的功效。白术内酯Ⅲ可通过诱导肺癌细胞的凋亡来抑制肿瘤的生长[54]
挥发油为白术的主要活性成分,具有显著的抑制肿瘤的作用,白术挥发油中苍术酮含量较高, 挥发油中白术内酯类成分(白术内酯Ⅰ、白术内酯Ⅲ)为白术的抗炎、抗癌有效成分,白术内酯I、白术内酯Ⅲ也为白术的特征性成分。对全国20多个地区的白术种质样品中的白术内酯Ⅲ、白术内酯Ⅰ和苍术酮进行了测定,结果显示产地为天台石梁、贵州余庆和江西安福的白术种源含量较高,且与挥发油测定的结果较为一致,初步确定为优质种源[55]。白术煎煮3分钟与常规煎煮半个小时以上相比保存了大量的挥发性成分。因为含有挥发性成分的药材在浸泡透之后随着煎煮时间的延长挥发性成分损失越多,所以短时间煎煮也就保存了更多的挥发性成分。使其抗癌作用也就更强。另外,白术经过炒制温性和健脾燥湿的作用都增强了,当然也就会对肺癌的治疗起到意想不到的效果。
茯苓主要成分的茯苓多糖既可增强细胞免疫,又可增强体液免疫,是很好的免疫增强剂。茯苓多糖的免疫抑癌作用是多靶点的,几乎遍及非特异性免疫和特异性免疫应答的多个环节[56]。
安徽省茯苓多糖含量比其他省茯苓多糖含量高,茯苓不同药用部位多糖含量高低依次为白茯苓、赤茯苓、茯苓皮[57]。
相关研究表明,甘草的提取物对多种实体瘤的生长和细胞的增殖均具有显著的抑制作用,不仅如此,研究还发现,甘草提取物对肺癌的转移具有显著的抑制作用[58]。
现代药理研究发现,仙鹤草中含有多种抗肿瘤活性成分,通过调控细胞分裂周期、抑制DNA复制、诱导细胞凋亡、调节机体自身免疫、抗氧化与清除自由基等起到抗肿瘤作用[59]。
花蕊石含有 Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn、Se 和 Mn 人体所必需的微量元素。Cu,Se(硒)是该药中作用最大的元素或最特征的元素。Cu作为机体一种重要的必需微量元素之一,能维护血管正常功能,促进血管胶原生成[60]。对于防止肺血管破裂出血是非常重要的。硒则是抗癌防癌的非常重要的元素,对于防止肿瘤细胞多发及远处转移等非常重要。花蕊石煅后易于粉碎和煎出,增强止血作用,提高疗效,且钙离子浓度增大,固涩收敛作用增强[61]。且煅后性缓,不伤脾胃,并易于粉碎,更好的发挥止血作用[62]。所以花蕊石煅后不伤脾胃, Ca、Cu、Se等煎出率当然也增加了。所以对于肺癌的治疗也就起到了意想不到的效果。
莪术活性成分主要为挥发油。研究表明,其主要含有莪术醇,莪术酮,β-揽香烯等多种有效成分,具有抗炎杀菌、抑制病毒再生、抗肿瘤、保肝抗血栓等作用[63]。抗炎杀菌、抑制病毒再生对于预防肺癌患者感染非常重要,而保肝抗血栓作用有利于血循环通畅。肝主疏泄,喜条达恶抑郁。肝疏泄正常则气机调畅,气血和调,人的精神愉快心情舒畅,对于保证免疫力的正常发挥非常重要。这也是临床易被忽视的一个方面。特别是挥发性成分的抗肿瘤作用更是不容忽视的。所以莪术挥发油的保留对于肿瘤的治疗是至关重要的。就挥发性成分的作用来看, 3分钟短时间煎煮临床当中一定会取意想不到的效果。
丹参活性成分丹参酮 IIA(Tan IIA)抑制肺癌A549细胞增殖,能够引起人肺癌A549 细胞的凋亡[64]。
丹参为活血药人所共知。新的研究表明将丹参水提物用于治疗心衰大鼠时,发现通过调节介导和细胞凋亡相关的基因(主要为SD-1/CXCR4 和bcl-2家族)表达,可有效改善大鼠的心脏功能,并能通过促进心肌细胞的增殖来增强心脏功能。丹参还具有保护组织器官的作用,其作用机制主要有抗炎、保护血管内皮细胞、减轻细胞凋亡、促进组织修复与再生,抗纤维化等。研究证明有可能丹参通过阻碍促炎性细胞因子(TLR-4/NF- kB)通路的激活减轻炎症反应,从而降低内毒素(LPS)引起的小鼠急性肺损伤 [81]。丹参虽然是一味活血的药物,除了具有重要的抗癌作用外还具有保护心功能特别是能够促进心肌细胞的增殖来增强心脏功能的作用,当然也就有养心气的作用。养心气以利于生脾气。降低肺损伤的作用利于保护肺气。这些都是传统丹参文献记载中没有的。中药的传统作用并不是最完善的,随着对于药物研究的不断深入,新的作用也就会不断被发现,这是符合药学发展规律的。
牡蛎具有活性钙离子的抗癌活性[1]。牡蛎入药常以碎块入药。粉碎成粗粉后大大增加了其表面积,因而煎出率也就增加了。大量活性钙离子的煎出使其抗癌活性也就大大增强,因而牡蛎粉碎成粗粉后对于抗肺癌也就起到意想不到的抗癌效果。
山茱萸的主要成分为环烯醚萜类及苷类,代表性成分为莫诺苷、马钱苷、齐墩果酸和熊果酸等。莫诺苷和马钱苷是生品山茱萸中含量较高的苷类化合物。莫诺苷和马钱苷具有抗休克与固虚脱的作用。齐墩果酸与熊果酸均具有抗病毒、抗炎及抗氧化应激的作用[65]。更为重要的是熊果酸(UA) 和齐墩果酸(OA)呈浓度和时间依赖性抑制克隆化高转移人肺癌PGCL3细胞生长。UA也浓度和时间依赖性抑制人肺腺癌SPC-A-1细胞增殖。UA抑制体外培养的人非小细胞肺腺癌A549细胞生长。用A549细胞株进行裸鼠移植瘤实验,发现UA移植瘤生长减慢,实验结束时瘤重及瘤体积明显低于对照组,抑瘤率为51%,UA组的A549移植瘤组织微血管密度和血管内皮生长因子蛋白表达明显低于对照组,癌细胞凋亡指数明显高于对照组[66]。
山茱萸经酒蒸后,莫诺苷和马钱苷含量均明显降低。齐墩果酸和熊果酸均显著升高[65]。山茱萸经酒蒸后两类成分(抗休克类的莫诺苷、马钱苷;抗癌类的齐墩果酸、熊果酸)的相对变化,使得功效发生了质的改变。生的用于抗休克,酒蒸的用于抗癌、抗病毒、抗炎及抗氧化应激等。癌症患者多伴有抗氧化能力下降,免疫功能低下,易引发病毒感染。因为考虑到了这些因素才应用的酒山茱萸,其作用经临床观察也是非常明显的,对于肺癌的治疗当然也起到了意想不到的效果。
现代药理的研究发现,当归中的多糖能刺激血红蛋白及红细胞的生成,并且能够刺激造血干细胞的生成,促进红细胞的分化,从而促进造血功能[67]。
甘肃、云南、四川、陕西四个产区当归中总多糖的含量均以甘肃产当归为最高[68]。
肺癌患者红细胞的免疫功能存在异常,肺癌患者由于自身免疫功能降低,更易受到外界病菌的入侵和感染。红细胞能有效阻止癌细胞在循环中的扩散,当患者体内红细胞数减少或出现功能异常时,其阻止癌细胞在循环中扩散的作用会大大减低,进而加速了癌细胞的扩散和转移,严重影响肺癌患者的预后和治疗效果[ 69]。
外周血中有多种特殊功能的血细胞,主要是红细胞(RBC ) 、白细胞( WBC) 和血小板(PLT ) 。当归可提高多种血细胞数量而发挥补血作用,尤其对RBC作用更明显 [70]。
当归挥发油具有镇静、抗焦虑作用,其中含有的內酯类化合物具有扩血管、镇痛、平喘及抗肿瘤等作用[71]。甘肃岷县的岷当归挥发油含量最高,质量明显优于其他产地所产当归[67]。
当归的3分钟短时间煎煮保存了大部分的挥发油,这是常规煎煮所达不到的。所以当归除了刺激人体造血功能抑制肿瘤转移外,挥发油的扩血管作用利于改善血液循环,改善患者血瘀状态。镇静、抗焦虑作用利于免疫力恢复。这些都有利于抗癌。更重要的是更多地保存了抗癌的有效成分。因而对于肺癌的治疗当然会起到意想不到的治疗效果。
白芍有抗抑郁样作用,其作用机制与单胺递质有关。抗抑郁样作用量效关系显著[72]。
白芍的有效成分主要是白芍总苷(TGP), TGP可增加小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能(吞噬百分率和吞噬指数),可以使免疫受抑制小鼠外周血ANAE阳性淋巴细胞百分比增加,并可使其恢复到正常水平。TGP在体内和体外不仅可促进特异性T调节细胞的诱导,也可增加非特异性T调节细胞的诱导。TGP抑制血小板聚集,通过提高红细胞变形能力和降低红细胞聚集性而降低血液全血粘度[73]。这对于增强免疫受抑制肺癌患者的免疫力,改善血液高凝状态以及抑郁状态都是非常重要的。
北沙参中多糖类含量较多, 研究表明粗多糖有滋阴补虚作用,可增强特异性免疫和非特异性免疫功能。北沙参中含有的异欧前胡素在体外抗肿瘤实验中对人肺癌细胞株A549有明显的抑制作用[74]。
黄酮和酚酸类成分是北沙参药材中的抗氧化成分。北沙参中挥发油主要为萜类、醛酮类、酸类、醇类。有强心、抗肿瘤、止咳平喘、利尿降压等作用[75]。北沙参的抗肿瘤作用当然是非常重要的。另外,强心的作用利于保证旺盛的心气。心为脾之母,心气旺盛有利于脾气的恢复。其止咳平喘作用其实就是肃降肺气。但在常规的煎煮过程中绝大部分挥发油都损失掉了。所以其相对应的强心、抗肿瘤、止咳平喘、利尿降压等作用也就削弱了很多。在3分钟短时间的煎煮过程中尽可能多地保留了挥发性成分,因而也就保留了这些功能。当然也会对肺癌的治疗起到了意想不到的效果。
麦冬发挥抗肿瘤作用的有效部位主要是麦冬皂苷,其主要是通过诱导肿瘤细胞产生自噬、影响NF-κB 信号通路表达等发挥作用[76]。
枸杞的道地产区为宁夏,目前宁夏枸杞主要分布于宁夏、新疆、青海等省区。现代医学研究表明,枸杞子具有抗氧化,抗肿瘤,防衰老,增强免疫力等多种药理作用,与枸杞多糖及甜菜碱等成分密切相关。不同产区枸杞药用活性成分存在差异,其总体品质具有一定的相似性,但以宁夏枸杞品质较优[77]。
淫羊藿总黄酮能显著促进T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞的增殖,提高免疫系统功能。淫羊藿总黄酮能下调脑内β-肾上腺素能受体水平,从而起到抗抑郁的作用。淫羊藿还可通过调节突触后单胺类神经递质受体敏感性,减弱自由基对神经组织损伤程度而改善抑郁绝望行为,从而起到抗抑郁的作用。淫羊藿苷能够促进肿瘤细胞早期凋亡,抑制肿瘤细胞的黏附、移动和侵袭,使肿瘤组织坏死[78]。临床大多将淫羊藿作为补肾药应用,其增强免疫和抗肿瘤的作用当然是重要的。将其应用于肺癌患者的抑郁治疗中则是首次。抗抑郁对于肺癌治疗的重要性前面已经提到了。所以综合考虑,淫羊藿的应用肯定会对肺癌的治疗起到意想不到的效果。
研究发现附子粗多糖和酸性多糖均能显著抑制S180和H22荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤生长,两种多糖对小鼠脾脏的质量有增重作用,对荷瘤小鼠的淋巴细胞转化能力和NK细胞活性有增强作用,对抑癌基因p53和Fas的表达和肿瘤细胞凋亡率都有不同程度的提高,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,增强了机体细胞免疫力,此外还有上调抑癌基因的表达。通过
去卵巢小鼠的抗抑郁作用实验研究了附子多糖的抗抑郁作用,其作用机制可能与脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF) 信号传导通路有关[79]。附子的抑制肿瘤生长作用,增强免疫作用,抗抑郁作用对于肺癌的治疗无疑是重要的。更为重要的作用就是附子的温阳作用。附子辛,热;有毒。久煎就是为了去其毒性,归心、肾、脾经。温心阳、温肾阳、温脾阳。根据“阳化气,阴成形”理论,整个处方要保证是属于温性的。心为脾之母,温心阳以生脾阳。肾为先天之本,温肾阳以助一身之阳气,也是治病求本。所以本方中附子的用量从0.5g-10g是根据病情与处方中各药物寒热的比例进行配伍。过多则助火伤阴,过少则达不到温阳的作用而不可抑制病情发展。所以附子用量的合理应用对于肺癌的治疗起到意想不到的效果也是理所当然的了。
典型病例:
病案1:郭某,男,65岁。以“反复咳嗽、咳痰5月余,加重3天”于2018年11月23日入院。患者5月来反复出现咳嗽、咳痰,曾行纤维支气管镜活检病理,诊断为右肺鳞状细胞癌,接受化疗,效果不佳。本次来诊查胸部CT示:右肺门肿物,大小约3.21*3.65*3.54cm。SCC:26.54ug/l。症见:精神疲倦,面色萎黄,咳嗽、咳大量白色粘痰,胸闷气短,胸部胀痛,时有自汗,纳呆乏力,无发热恶寒,眠差,大便两日一次,不爽。舌质淡,苔白腻,脉弦滑。辨证为:气滞痰凝,脾肺气虚。治以理气散结,燥湿化痰,补脾益肺。处方如下:
蒸苦杏仁20g 桔梗25g 黄芩12g 全瓜蒌25g 半夏15g 浙贝母25g煅白石英(粗粉)25g薤白15g 麸炒枳实12g 厚朴15g夏枯草25g唐古特大黄12g火麻仁25g 炒枸杞叶15g炒大枣25g炒秫米20g蔷薇红景天8g板桥党参20g 炒焦麦麸(包煎)8g 麸炒白术28g白茯苓20g 甘草15g仙鹤草20g煅花蕊石(粗粉)25g莪术10g 丹参12g生牡蛎(粗粉)20g酒山茱萸25g当归20g 炒白芍25g 北沙参3g麦冬3 g炒枸杞子3.6g淫羊藿8 g制附子3g(先煎)
注:方中炒枸杞子与制附子用量比例为1.2:1。
按规定煎煮服用,每日一剂。
2018年12月7日症见:神志清,精神稍有好转,面色较前红润,咳嗽减轻,痰减少,胸闷气短减轻,胸部胀痛减轻,自汗减轻,食欲稍增强,睡眠有好转,大便一日一次,稍有不爽。舌质稍淡,苔白腻,脉弦滑。辨证为:气滞痰凝,脾肺气虚轻证。病情好转带药出院。由于本病为慢性病且已经见效,特别是抗癌药物的用量很重要。所以原方基本不变,稍微调整唐古特大黄、炒枸杞子、制附子用量。继续口服治疗,处方如下:
蒸苦杏仁20g 桔梗25g 黄芩12g 全瓜蒌25g 半夏15g 浙贝母25g煅白石英(粗粉)25g薤白15g 麸炒枳实12g 厚朴15g夏枯草25g唐古特大黄8g火麻仁25g 炒枸杞叶15g炒大枣25g炒秫米20g蔷薇红景天8g板桥党参20g 炒焦麦麸(包煎)8g 麸炒白术28g白茯苓20g 甘草15g仙鹤草20g煅花蕊石(粗粉)25g莪术10g 丹参12g生牡蛎(粗粉)20g酒山茱萸25g当归20g 炒白芍25g 北沙参3g麦冬3 g炒枸杞子2.4g淫羊藿8 g制附子2g(先煎)
注:方中炒枸杞子与制附子用量比例为1.2:1。
按规定煎煮服用,每日一剂。
2018年12月21日患者返院复查,症见:神志清,精神可,偶有咳嗽,少痰,偶有轻微胸闷气短及胸部胀痛,无发热恶寒,无自汗盗汗,无腹胀,纳眠可,二便调,舌质稍淡红,苔白稍腻,脉弦滑(较前和缓)。辨证为:气滞痰凝,脾肺气虚轻证,进一步减轻。复查SCC:18.33ug/l。正气渐复,邪气渐衰,但不可大意。处方微调如下:
蒸苦杏仁18g 桔梗23g 黄芩10g 全瓜蒌23g 半夏12g 浙贝母23g煅白石英(粗粉)20g薤白12g 麸炒枳实10g 厚朴13g夏枯草23g唐古特大黄8g火麻仁20g 炒枸杞叶12g炒大枣20g炒秫米20g蔷薇红景天8g板桥党参18g 炒焦麦麸(包煎)6g 麸炒白术20g白茯苓20g 甘草10g仙鹤草20g煅花蕊石(粗粉)23g莪术9g 丹参10g生牡蛎(粗粉)18g酒山茱萸20g当归18g 炒白芍23g 北沙参2g麦冬2g炒枸杞子1.2g淫羊藿6 g制附子1g(先煎)
注:方中炒枸杞子与制附子用量比例为1.2:1。
按规定煎煮服用,每日一剂。
2019年1月18日患者返院再次复查,症见:精神明显较前好转,面色红润,偶有轻微咳嗽无胸闷症状,无胸部胀痛,夜寐安,二便调。舌质淡红,苔白,脉稍弦滑。复查胸部CT:右肺门肿物2.35*2.78*2.98cm。复查SCC:7.31ug/l。病情明显好转。
病案2:孙某,男,55岁。以“胸闷气短、咳嗽痰多1年余,加重1周”于2018年11月6日入院,患者1年反复出现胸闷憋喘、咳嗽痰多,曾行纤维支气管镜活检病理,诊断为右肺腺癌。曾行放化疗,效果不佳。本次来诊查胸部CT示:右肺癌,右肺病灶大小约3.32*4.47*5.23cm。CEA:45.28ng/ml。症见:患者神志清,精神疲倦,胸闷气短,胸部胀痛,咳嗽,咳多量粘痰,无发热,偶有反酸不适,腹胀明显,纳呆乏力,睡眠欠佳,便不爽,舌质淡,苔白腻,脉弦滑。辨证:气滞痰凝,脾肺气虚证。治以理气散结,燥湿化痰,补脾益肺。处方如下:
蒸苦杏仁25g 桔梗25g 黄芩12g 全瓜蒌30g 半夏20g 浙贝母30g煅白石英(粗粉)35g薤白25g 麸炒枳实12g 厚朴20g夏枯草35g唐古特大黄18g火麻仁30g 炒枸杞叶20g炒大枣28g炒秫米40g蔷薇红景天8g板桥党参30g 炒焦麦麸(包煎)15g 麸炒白术25g白茯苓28g 甘草15g仙鹤草30g煅花蕊石(粗粉)30g莪术20g 丹参20g
生牡蛎(粗粉)30g酒山茱萸30g当归25g 炒白芍20g 北沙参4g麦冬4 g炒枸杞子2.4g淫羊藿12 g制附子2g(先煎)
注:方中炒枸杞子与制附子用量比例为1.2:1。
按规定煎煮服用,每日一剂。
2018年11月20日症见:神志清,精神好转,胸闷气短减轻,胸部胀痛减轻。咳嗽咳痰减轻,无发热。无反酸不适,腹胀减轻,纳眠尚可,二便调,舌质淡,苔稍白稍腻,脉弦滑。病情好转,带药出院。方已经对证,原方基本不变,按如下处方继续服用。
蒸苦杏仁25g 桔梗25g 黄芩12g 全瓜蒌30g 半夏20g 浙贝母30g煅白石英(粗粉)35g 薤白25g 麸炒枳实12g 厚朴20g夏枯草35g唐古特大黄15g火麻仁30g 炒枸杞叶20g炒大枣28g炒秫米40g蔷薇红景天8g板桥党参30g 炒焦麦麸(包煎)15g 麸炒白术25g白茯苓28g 甘草15g仙鹤草30g煅花蕊石(粗粉)30g莪术20g 丹参20g
生牡蛎(粗粉)30g酒山茱萸30g当归25g 炒白芍20g 北沙参4g麦冬4 g炒枸杞子2.4g淫羊藿12 g制附子2g(先煎)
注:方中炒枸杞子与制附子用量比例为1.2:1。
按规定煎煮服用,每日一剂。
2018年12月4日返院复查,症见:神志清,精神明显好转,胸闷气短明显减轻,无胸部胀痛。偶有咳嗽咳痰,无发热恶寒,无胃脘部不适,纳眠可,二便调,舌质淡红,苔白稍腻,脉弦滑。复查CEA:39.35ng/ml。调整处方如下:
蒸苦杏仁20g 桔梗25g 黄芩10g 全瓜蒌25g 半夏18g 浙贝母30g煅白石英(粗粉)30g薤白20g 麸炒枳实10g 厚朴18g夏枯草35g唐古特大黄10g火麻仁30g 炒枸杞叶18g炒大枣28g炒秫米40g蔷薇红景天8g板桥党参30g 炒焦麦麸(包煎)15g 麸炒白术25g白茯苓28g 甘草10g仙鹤草30g煅花蕊石(粗粉)30g莪术20g 丹参20g
生牡蛎(粗粉)30g酒山茱萸25g当归25g 炒白芍20g 北沙参3g麦冬3g炒枸杞子1.2g淫羊藿10 g制附子1g(先煎)
注:方中炒枸杞子与制附子用量比例为1.2:1。
按规定煎煮服用,每日一剂。
2019年1月1日返院复查,症见:偶有轻微胸闷气短,偶有轻微咳嗽咳痰,饮食明显好转,夜寐安。舌质淡红,苔白,脉略弦滑。复查胸部CT:右肺癌,右肺病灶大小约2.82*3.45*4.78cm。CEA:31.13ng/mL,病情明显好转。
病案3:李某,女,66岁,以“咳嗽咳痰1年余,加重3天”于2018年2月6日入院,患者于1年来反复出现咳嗽咳痰,曾行纤维支气管镜活检病理,诊断为左肺低分化腺癌。曾行吉非替尼靶向治疗,后来效果不佳。本次来诊查胸部CT:左肺癌,左肺病灶大小约2.78*2.96*3.45cm。CEA:29.09ng/ml。症见:患者神志清,精神疲倦,咳嗽痰多,时有烧心反酸,剑突下疼痛,胸闷气短,胸部胀痛,纳呆,乏力明显,睡眠欠佳,二便调,舌质淡,苔白腻,脉弦滑。辨证为:气滞痰凝,脾肺气虚。治以理气散结,燥湿化痰,补脾益肺。处方如下:
蒸苦杏仁25g 桔梗25g 黄芩10g 全瓜蒌28g 半夏25g 浙贝母25g煅白石英(粗粉)40g薤白25g 麸炒枳实12g 厚朴20g夏枯草25唐古特大黄12g火麻仁30g 炒枸杞叶20g炒大枣30g炒秫米40g蔷薇红景天8g板桥党参30g 炒焦麦麸(包煎)15g 麸炒白术28g白茯苓28g 甘草15g仙鹤草30g煅花蕊石(粗粉)30g莪术20g 丹参23g
生牡蛎(粗粉)30g酒山茱萸30g当归25g 炒白芍25g 北沙参3g麦冬3g炒枸杞子3.6g淫羊藿10 g制附子3g(先煎)
注:方中炒枸杞子与制附子用量比例为1.2:1。
按规定煎煮服用,每日一剂。
2018年2月20日症见:神志清,精神有好转,乏力有改善,咳嗽有痰,胸闷气短、胸部胀痛减轻,烧心反酸减轻,剑突下疼痛缓解,饮食好转,二便调,眠可,舌质淡,苔白稍腻,脉弦滑。病情好转,带药出院。药已对证,原方基本不变。将方中炒枸杞子、制附子调整用量,处方如下:
蒸苦杏仁25g 桔梗25g 黄芩10g 全瓜蒌28g 半夏25g 浙贝母25g煅白石英(粗粉)40g薤白25g 麸炒枳实12g 厚朴20g夏枯草25唐古特大黄12g火麻仁30g 炒枸杞叶20g炒大枣30g炒秫米40g蔷薇红景天8g板桥党参30g 炒焦麦麸(包煎)15g 麸炒白术28g白茯苓28g 甘草15g仙鹤草30g煅花蕊石(粗粉)30g莪术20g 丹参23g
生牡蛎(粗粉)30g酒山茱萸30g当归25g 炒白芍25g 北沙参3g麦冬3g炒枸杞子2.4g淫羊藿10 g制附子2g(先煎)
注:方中炒枸杞子与制附子用量比例为1.2:1。
按规定煎煮服药,每日一剂。
2018年3月6日返院复查,症见:神志清,精神明显好转,乏力进一步改善,咳嗽咳痰减轻,无烧心反酸,无剑突下疼痛,偶有胸闷气短、胸部胀痛,饮食明显好转,夜寐安,二便调。舌质淡红,苔白稍腻,脉弦滑。复查CEA:24.81ng/ml。调整处方如下:
蒸苦杏仁23g 桔梗23g 黄芩9g 全瓜蒌25g 半夏25g 浙贝母25g煅白石英(粗粉)40g薤白25g 麸炒枳实12g 厚朴20g夏枯草25唐古特大黄10g火麻仁28g 炒枸杞叶20g炒大枣30g炒秫米40g蔷薇红景天8g板桥党参30g炒焦麦麸(包煎)10g 麸炒白术28g白茯苓28g 甘草12g仙鹤草30g煅花蕊石(粗粉)30g莪术20g 丹参23g
生牡蛎(粗粉)30g酒山茱萸30g当归25g 炒白芍25g 北沙参3g麦冬3g炒枸杞子1.2g淫羊藿9 g制附子1g(先煎)
注:方中炒枸杞子与制附子用量比例为1.2:1。
按规定煎煮服药,每日一剂。
2018年4月3日返院复查,症见:乏力、咳嗽咳痰、反酸烧心明显改善,胸闷气短、胸部胀痛明显改善,夜寐安,二便调。舌质淡红,苔薄白,脉弦稍滑。复查胸部CT:左肺癌,左肺病灶大小约2.15*2.46*2.78cm。CEA:20.23ng/mL。病情明显好转。
病案4:张某,男,67岁,以“咳嗽痰多,胸闷气短1月余,加重3天”于2018年11月20日入院。患者1月来胸闷气短,咳嗽痰多反复发作。曾行纤维支气管镜活检病理,诊断为左肺腺癌。本次来诊查胸部CT示:左肺病灶大小约1.69*2.47*2.91cm。CEA:19.94ng/ml。症见:患者神志清,精神尚可,咳嗽痰多,胸闷气短,胸部胀痛,纳呆乏力。无恶心呕吐,无发热恶寒。眠稍差,二便调,舌质淡,苔白腻,脉弦滑。辨证为:气滞痰凝,脾肺气虚证。治以理气散结,燥湿化痰,补脾益肺。处方如下:
蒸苦杏仁25g 桔梗25g 黄芩9g 全瓜蒌25g 半夏25g 浙贝母25g煅白石英(粗粉)30g薤白25g 麸炒枳实12g 厚朴18g夏枯草30唐古特大黄18g火麻仁30g 炒枸杞叶18g炒大枣30g炒秫米40g蔷薇红景天8g板桥党参30g 炒焦麦麸(包煎)10g 麸炒白术25g白茯苓25g 甘草12g仙鹤草30g煅花蕊石(粗粉)30g莪术20g 丹参18g
生牡蛎(粗粉)28g酒山茱萸30g当归25g 炒白芍25g 北沙参3g麦冬3 g炒枸杞子2.4g淫羊藿10 g制附子2g(先煎)
注:方中炒枸杞子与制附子用量比例为1.2:1。
按规定煎煮服用,每日一剂。
2018年12月4日症见:神志清,精神好转,睡眠好转。咳嗽咳痰稍减轻,胸闷气短减轻,胸部无明显胀痛,无恶心呕吐,无发热恶寒,饮食好转,二便调,舌质淡,苔白稍腻,脉弦滑。病情好转,调整处方,带药出院。药已经对证,不轻易调方。继续遵上方,如下:
蒸苦杏仁25g 桔梗25g 黄芩9g 全瓜蒌25g 半夏25g 浙贝母25g煅白石英(粗粉)30g薤白25g 麸炒枳实12g 厚朴18g夏枯草30唐古特大黄18g火麻仁30g 炒枸杞叶18g炒大枣30g炒秫米40g蔷薇红景天8g板桥党参30g 炒焦麦麸(包煎)10g 麸炒白术25g白茯苓25g 甘草12g仙鹤草30g煅花蕊石(粗粉)30g莪术20g 丹参18g
生牡蛎(粗粉)28g酒山茱萸30g当归25g 炒白芍25g 北沙参3g麦冬3 g炒枸杞子2.4g淫羊藿10 g制附子2g(先煎)
注:方中炒枸杞子与制附子用量比例为1.2:1。
按规定煎煮服药,每日一剂。
2018年12月18日返院复查,患者症见:神志清,精神明显见好,咳嗽咳痰明显减轻,胸闷气短明显减轻,无胸部胀痛,无恶心呕吐,无发热恶寒,饮食好,夜寐安,二便调,舌质淡红,苔白稍腻,脉弦略滑。复查CEA:14.67ng/ml。虽已无胸部胀痛,睡眠也好,但理气和安神在本病的治疗中都是非常重要的,且舌苔仍稍腻。所以将方中北沙参、麦冬调整用量以防生湿气,处方如下:
蒸苦杏仁25g 桔梗25g 黄芩9g 全瓜蒌25g 半夏25g 浙贝母25g煅白石英(粗粉)30g薤白25g 麸炒枳实12g 厚朴18g夏枯草30唐古特大黄18g火麻仁30g 炒枸杞叶18g炒大枣30g炒秫米40g蔷薇红景天8g板桥党参30g 炒焦麦麸(包煎)10g 麸炒白术25g白茯苓25g 甘草12g仙鹤草30g煅花蕊石(粗粉)30g莪术20g 丹参18g
生牡蛎(粗粉)28g酒山茱萸30g当归25g 炒白芍25g 北沙参1g麦冬1g炒枸杞子2.4g淫羊藿10 g制附子2g(先煎)
注:方中炒枸杞子与制附子用量比例为1.2:1。
按规定煎煮服用,每日一剂。
2019年1月15返院复查,患者各项症状均缓解,复查胸部CT:左肺病灶大小约1.03*1.99*2.15cm。CEA:10.56ng/mL。病情明显好转。
病案5,王某,男,70岁,以“咳嗽痰多,胸闷气短2月余,加重1天”于2018年2月18日入院,患者2月来反复出现咳嗽痰多,胸闷气短。曾行纤维支气管镜活检病理,诊断为左肺鳞状细胞癌,未行特殊治疗。本次来诊查胸部CT示:左肺上叶占位,大小约2.53*2.83*3.35cm。SCC:24.21ug/l。症见:患者神志清,精神欠佳,全身乏力不适,咳嗽痰多,伴左肩胛区疼痛,胸闷气短,胸部胀痛,纳呆乏力。无恶心呕吐,无发热恶寒,眠差,二便调。舌质淡,苔白腻,脉弦滑。辨证为:气滞痰凝,脾肺气虚。治以理气散结,燥湿化痰,补脾益肺。处方如下:
蒸苦杏仁30g 桔梗30g 黄芩10g 全瓜蒌30g 半夏25g浙贝母30g煅白石英(粗粉)30g薤白25g 麸炒枳实13g 厚朴21g夏枯草30唐古特大黄12g火麻仁25g 炒枸杞叶20g炒大枣30g炒秫米43g蔷薇红景天8g板桥党参25g 炒焦麦麸(包煎)10g 麸炒白术25g白茯苓25g 甘草15g仙鹤草30g煅花蕊石(粗粉)40g莪术23g 丹参23g
生牡蛎(粗粉)30g酒山茱萸25g当归20g 炒白芍20g 北沙参3g麦冬3g炒枸杞子3.6g淫羊藿9 g制附子3g(先煎)
注:方中炒枸杞子与制附子用量比例为1.2:1。
按规定煎煮服用,每日一剂。
2018年3月4日症见:神志清,精神尚可,全身乏力不适减轻,咳嗽咳痰都有减轻,左肩胛区疼痛减轻,胸闷气短、胸部胀痛减轻,无恶心呕吐,无发热恶寒,饮食有所好转,睡眠好转,二便调,舌质淡,苔白稍腻,脉弦滑。病情好转,药已经对证,带药出院。根据多年的经验,不得随意更改处方,特别是不可随意减少药物用量,仍遵前方继续服用,处方如下:
蒸苦杏仁30g 桔梗30g 黄芩10g 全瓜蒌30g 半夏25g 浙贝母30g煅白石英(粗粉)30g薤白25g 麸炒枳实13g 厚朴21g夏枯草30唐古特大黄12g火麻仁25g 炒枸杞叶20g炒大枣30g炒秫米43g蔷薇红景天8g板桥党参25g 炒焦麦麸(包煎)10g 麸炒白术25g白茯苓25g 甘草15g仙鹤草30g煅花蕊石(粗粉)40g莪术23g 丹参23g
生牡蛎(粗粉)30g酒山茱萸25g当归20g 炒白芍20g 北沙参3g麦冬3g炒枸杞子3.6g淫羊藿9 g制附子3g(先煎)
注:方中炒枸杞子与制附子用量比例为1.2:1。
按规定煎煮服用,每日一剂。
2018年3月18日返院复查,症见:神志清,精神好转,全身乏力不适明显好转,咳嗽咳痰明显减轻,左肩胛区疼痛缓解,胸闷气短缓解,胸部胀痛缓解。无恶心呕吐,无发热恶寒,饮食明显好转,睡眠好,二便调。舌质淡红,苔白稍腻,脉弦滑。SCC:19.82ug/l。调整处方如下:
蒸苦杏仁30g 桔梗30g 黄芩10g 全瓜蒌30g 半夏25g 浙贝母30g煅白石英(粗粉)30g薤白25g 麸炒枳实13g 厚朴21g夏枯草30唐古特大黄12g火麻仁25g 炒枸杞叶20g炒大枣30g炒秫米40g蔷薇红景天8g板桥党参25g 炒焦麦麸(包煎)10g 麸炒白术25g白茯苓25g 甘草15g仙鹤草30g煅花蕊石(粗粉)40g莪术20g 丹参20g
生牡蛎(粗粉)30g酒山茱萸25g当归20g 炒白芍20g 北沙参2g麦冬2g炒枸杞子2.4g淫羊藿8 g制附子2g(先煎)
注:方中炒枸杞子与制附子用量比例为1.2:1。
按规定煎煮服用,每日一剂。
2018年4月15日返院复查,症见:患者神志清,精神明显好转,全身乏力、胸闷气短、咳嗽咳痰、肩胛区疼痛、胸部胀痛明显缓解,舌质淡红,苔白,脉稍弦滑。复查胸部CT:左肺上叶占位,大小约2.00*1.83*2.44cm。SCC:9.69ug/l。病情明显好转。
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Claims (8)
1.一种治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物,其特征在于:其具体组合物由以下原料制成:一种治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物,其具体组合物由以下原料制成:蒸苦杏仁、桔梗、黄芩、全瓜蒌、半夏、浙贝母、煅白石英(粗粉)、薤白、麸炒枳实、厚朴、夏枯草、唐古特大黄、火麻仁、炒枸杞叶、炒大枣、炒秫米、蔷薇红景天、板桥党参、炒焦麦麸(包煎)、麸炒白术、白茯苓、甘草、仙鹤草、煅花蕊石(粗粉)、莪术、丹参、生牡蛎(粗粉)、酒山茱萸、当归、炒白芍、北沙参、麦冬、炒枸杞子、淫羊藿与制附子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物,其特征在于:所述治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物配比如下:蒸苦杏仁6-36g、桔梗6-36g、黄芩6-15g、全瓜蒌12-35g、半夏8-30g、浙贝母15-35g、煅白石英(粗粉)15-50g、薤白10-30g、麸炒枳实8-15g、厚朴10-25g、夏枯草20-40g、唐古特大黄6-25g、火麻仁10-35g、炒枸杞叶10-25g、炒大枣12-35g、炒秫米15-45g、蔷薇红景天3-10g、板桥党参8-35g、炒焦麦麸(包煎)3-18g、麸炒白术8-30g、白茯苓10-35g、甘草5-20g、仙鹤草15-40g、煅花蕊石(粗粉)15-50g、莪术8-25g、丹参8-25g、生牡蛎(粗粉)15-35g、酒山茱萸10-50g、当归10-30g、炒白芍12-35g、北沙参1-6g、麦冬1-5g、炒枸杞子1.2-12g、淫羊藿5-15g、制附子1-10g(先煎)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物,其特征在于:炒枸杞子与制附子用量比例为1.2:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物,其特征在于:所述治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物,可按重量配比,在药学上可接受的载体,制成口服制剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物,其特征在于:所述治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物中的紧缺药物炮制加工可采用以下步骤:
炒焦大枣:将适量大枣取出剖开,置锅内于武火炒至外表皮破裂,表面有焦斑;
炒秫米:将其炒致冒烟、浅棕色并带有香气时出锅放凉;
炒焦麦麸:将麦麸中的细粉筛去,待锅热时把麦麸放入锅内,不停地翻动,炒至冒烟焦黑色且有焦香气逸出时取出,放凉;
炒枸杞子:将其炒致浅棕红色并略带焦斑时出锅放凉;
煅白石英(粗粉):由煅白石英粉碎成粗粉;
生牡蛎(粗粉) :由生牡蛎粉碎成粗粉。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物,其特征在于:所述治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物煎煮包括以下步骤:
a. 将全部药物分成3份;唐古特大黄、制附子、甘草一份;薤白、莪术、麸炒枳实、当归、蔷薇红景天、麸炒白术、北沙参一份;其余药物一份;
b.唐古特大黄、制附子、甘草提取;将唐古特大黄、制附子与甘草同时加水浸泡1小时,加水量以稍高出药物为度,然后煎煮沸腾,期间补足挥发的水分,1小时后停火备用;
c.薤白、莪术、麸炒枳实、当归、蔷薇红景天、麸炒白术、北沙参提取;将以上药物水浸泡一小时,加水量以稍高出药物为度;煎煮沸腾后改为文火继续煎煮3分钟即停,以最大限度地保存挥发性成分;然后将药液倾出另器保存备用;药渣再与其余药一起煎煮;
d.综合提取及合并;将余下的药物浸泡一小时,再与煎煮后的唐古特大黄、制附子、甘草及其药液以及煎煮薤白、莪术、枳实、当归、蔷薇红景天、麸炒白术、北沙参后的药渣共同合在一起,再加水稍高出药物表面;头煎煎煮沸腾30分钟,二煎煎煮沸腾30分钟,期间补足挥发的水分;合并两次煎液,再与已经3分钟提取好的薤白、莪术、麸炒枳实、当归、蔷薇红景天、麸炒白术、北沙参液合并混匀。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物,其特征在于:所述治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物均分,早晚各服用一次。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗非小细胞肺癌的中药组合物,其特征在于:炒枸杞叶优选为来自宁夏中宁县长山头乡盛果期的枸杞叶炒制品;唐古特大黄优选为产地为甘肃卓尼县;蔷薇红景天优选产地为新疆塔城额敏县,采摘月份优选为8月;白茯苓优选产地为安徽;当归产地优选为岷县;板桥党参为桔梗科植物川党参CodonopsistangshenOliv.的干燥根,主产于板桥镇;白术优选产地为天台石梁。
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CN116920066B (zh) * | 2023-09-09 | 2024-04-26 | 中国中医科学院望京医院(中国中医科学院骨伤科研究所) | 一种治疗肺结节及肺癌的中药组合物及其制剂和应用 |
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