CN111558386B - 气相氟化合成氢氟烯烃用氟化铁基催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
气相氟化合成氢氟烯烃用氟化铁基催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- SHXXPRJOPFJRHA-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(iii) fluoride Chemical compound F[Fe](F)F SHXXPRJOPFJRHA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- FFTOUVYEKNGDCM-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)F FFTOUVYEKNGDCM-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GVVUPGXFVJLPDE-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3,3-tetrachloroprop-1-ene Chemical compound Cl\C=C\C(Cl)(Cl)Cl GVVUPGXFVJLPDE-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004338 Dichlorodifluoromethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AFYPFACVUDMOHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)Cl AFYPFACVUDMOHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004334 fluoridation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- FEKGWIHDBVDVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrachloropropane Chemical compound CC(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl FEKGWIHDBVDVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- AQYSYJUIMQTRMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypofluorous acid Chemical compound FO AQYSYJUIMQTRMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012025 fluorinating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000357 carcinogen Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007036 catalytic synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCMJBECJXQJLIL-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromium(6+);oxygen(2-);difluoride Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[F-].[F-].[Cr+6] QCMJBECJXQJLIL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006704 dehydrohalogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxide Chemical compound CC[O-] HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Fe+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBTOZLQBSIZIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxide Chemical compound [O-]C NBTOZLQBSIZIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003930 superacid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc oxide Inorganic materials [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/138—Halogens; Compounds thereof with alkaline earth metals, magnesium, beryllium, zinc, cadmium or mercury
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/128—Halogens; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/036—Precipitation; Co-precipitation to form a gel or a cogel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/22—Halogenating
- B01J37/26—Fluorinating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
- C07C17/20—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
- C07C17/202—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction
- C07C17/206—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction the other compound being HX
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/25—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/35—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions not affecting the number of carbon or of halogen atoms in the reaction
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Abstract
本发明公开一种气相氟化合成氢氟烯烃用氟化铁基催化剂及其制备方法。是为了解决传统工业铬基氟化催化剂存在稳定性差、目标产物选择性低以及铬危害等问题。本发明公开的催化剂组成为M/FeF3,其中基体FeF3具有纳米尺寸、球形结构、比表面积大于120m2/g、400℃内抗烧结性能优越,活性组分M选自Co3+、Ni2+、Zn2+、La3+、Al3+、Ga3+、Mn4+、Cu2+中的一种或几种。本发明所制备的纳米氟化铁基催化剂,有助于物料在催化剂表面吸脱附、改善传质,进而提高反应效率、抑制积碳。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂领域,具体涉及一种气相催化氟化合成氢氟烯烃用大比表面积氟化铁基催化剂。
背景技术
氢氟烯烃(HFOs)是国际公认的新一代环保氟代烃,广泛用作制冷剂、发泡剂、气雾剂。催化氟化是国际化学化工界合成HFOs最为高效的方法,其核心是高活性、高选择性、高稳定性催化剂的制备。与氟氯烃(CFCs)、氢氟氯烃 (HCFCs)、氢氟烃(HFCs)相比,HFOs合成主要涉及气相氟化、液相氟化和高温脱卤化氢三类反应,体系中反应原料、中间体、目标产物均为烯烃,热稳定性差、易聚合或分解,在催化剂的酸性位易发生过度反应,导致催化剂结碳失活,通常需结合多类反应、多步合成方可实现,因此HFOs绿色高效合成极具挑战性。
氟代烃合成反应不可避免地涉及到强腐蚀性气体HF、HCl,传统催化材料如金属氧化物、硅铝分子筛等在高温HF、HCl气氛中均无法长期稳定存在,而金属氟化物、氟氧化物是唯一可在高温含HF气氛下长期稳定存在的催化材料,是氟代烃合成HFOs用催化剂的首选材料。目前工业上气相氟化反应催化剂都是以铬为活性组分的。美国专利US4465786公开了一种以铬的氟氧化物为催化剂实现气相氟化合成3,3,3-三氟丙烯。中国专利CN102001912A公开了一种以铬、铝、锌、钴、镁、铟的氟化物或氟氧化物为催化剂实现上述气相氟化反应。中国专利CN102388006B公开了一种锌/氧化铬催化剂存在下实现气相氟化合成 3,3,3-三氟丙烯。中国专利CN102884030B公开了一种以氧化铬为催化剂有效促进CF3CHClCH2CCl3及HF的气相氟化反应制得1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟-2-丁烯。专利 US20090240090公开了一种以沉淀法制备的Cr2O3催化剂气相氟化1,1,2,3-四氯丙稀合成2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯。
然而,铬基催化剂微孔比例高(≥30%),扩散阻力大、传质传热效率低,催化合成HFOs时反应活性差;表面有大量的强酸位,物料易在催化剂的酸性位发生过度反应,导致催化剂积碳失活,催化剂寿命短;催化剂的表面酸性位不易调变,导致目标产物选择性差。此外,铬作为一种重金属元素,大量排放会对生态环境造成严重污染,尤其六价铬是一种强致癌物质对动物、人类健康构成极大的威胁。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的缺陷与不足,本发明的目的是提供一种不含铬、环境友好、活性高、稳定性好的气相氟化反应用催化剂。本发明的这种催化剂具有不含重金属、绿色环保、比表面积大、高温抗烧结能力好的特点,从而获得高活性、高稳定性的气相催化氟化反应性能。
传统铬基氟化催化剂比表面积大,一般在80~150m2/g,高比表面积创造出大量反应活性位,因而实现了气相氟化反应的高效转化。鉴于此,通过设计、构建在高温含氟气氛下同样可以稳定存在的具有中强酸位的高比表面积FeF3,进而通过掺杂其他金属离子消除表面超强酸位同时提高FeF3活性中心百分比,即可同样获得具备催化气相氟化反应所需活性位。此外,通过制备方法的创新,控制FeF3尺寸在纳米尺度及球形结构,从而改善反应物料在催化剂表面的吸附、脱附及扩散性能。最终提高催化剂的活性、选择性和稳定性,从而开发出绿色高效合成氢氟烯烃的气相氟化催化剂。
为了实现上述技术任务,本发明采用如下技术方案予以实现:
一种气相氟化合成氢氟烯烃用氟化铁基催化剂,所述催化剂组成为M/FeF3,其中基体FeF3为具有纳米球形结构、比表面积大于120m2/g、400℃内抗烧结性能优越的高稳定性FeF3,活性组分M选自Co3+、Ni2+、Zn2+、La3+、Al3+、Ga3+、 Mn4+、Cu2+中的一种或几种,M质量占催化剂总质量的5%~20%;
该催化剂制备方法如下:
(1)在60~90℃下向含Fe3+及M的多元醇溶液中滴加氟化试剂,滴加完毕后继续搅拌6~12h,随后于130~180℃下烘干24h,离心分离获得M/FeF3干凝胶;
所用Fe3+选自硝酸铁、氯化铁、硫酸铁、甲醇铁、乙醇铁、乙酸铁中的一种;
所用M选自硝酸盐、氯化物、硫酸盐中的一种或几种;
所用多元醇选自乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、二縮乙二醇中的一种或几种;
所用氟化试剂选自氟化氢的水溶液、醇溶液、醚溶液中的一种;
Fe3+与氟化试剂中的氟化氢的摩尔比为1:3~10;
(2)在200℃下对(1)中所制干凝胶进行热处理,随后再于150~400℃下对热处理后干凝胶进行氟化处理制得M/FeF3催化剂;
热处理气氛选自空气、氮气、氢气气氛中的一种进行;
氟化处理所用氟试剂选自氟化氢、二氯二氟甲烷、一氯二氟甲烷、一氯三氟甲烷中的一种。
进一步所述气相氟化合成氢氟烯烃用氟化铁基催化剂的制备方法,所述氟化试剂的浓度为20wt.%~70wt.%。
进一步所述氟化铁基催化剂的制备方法制备的催化剂应用,适用于氢氟烯烃或氢氟氯烯烃的气相氟化合成反应,如1,1,2,3-四氯丙烯气相氟化制备2-氯 -3,3,3-三氟丙烯、1,1,2,3-四氯丙烷气相氟化制备2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯、1,1,1-三氟 -2,3,3,3-四氯丙烷气相氟化制备1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟-2-丁烯等。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下有益的技术效果:
①与传统铬基氟化催化剂相比,本发明提供了一种不含铬及其他重金属、环境友好的比表面积大、纳米结构、高温抗烧结能力好的FeF3基氟化催化剂及其制备方法;
②本发明提供的制备方法可很容易实现对所制催化剂织构、结构及表面酸性的调变,可制得比表面积大于100m2/g、500℃内抗烧结性能优越的氟化铁基催化剂;
③本发明对所用铁源无特别要求,适用性广,成本低;
④本发明所制备的纳米氟化铁基催化剂,有助于物料在催化剂表面吸脱附、改善传质,进而提高反应效率、抑制积碳。
具体实施方式
下面给出本发明的具体实施例,但并不限制本发明的范围。
实施例1:制备M/FeF3催化剂
将1.0M铁源及0.01~0.1M改性金属离子溶于50mL多元醇溶剂中,在 60~90℃搅拌下将氟化试剂滴加到上述溶液中,滴加时间为15min,滴加完毕后继续搅拌6~12h,随后于130~180℃下烘干24h,离心分离获得M/FeF3干凝胶;然后在空气氛或氮气氛200℃下焙烧5h以上,最后在150~400℃对焙烧后材料进行氟化处理获得催化剂,氟试剂选用气体氟化氢、二氯二氟甲烷、一氯二氟甲烷、一氯三氟甲烷中任意一种。不同铁源、多元醇溶剂、促凝剂、氟化试剂、焙烧温度下制得的氟化镁织构性能见表1所示。
表1实施例1的氟化铁基催化剂的物化性质结果
实施例2
采用实施例1中相同方法制备M/FeF3催化剂,将其应用到气相氟化1,1,1,3- 四氯丙烷合成3,3,3-三氟丙烯反应中。
催化剂性能评价如下:量取30mL催化剂转入固定床管式反应器中,升温至 260℃并干燥2h后通入氟化氢气体,然后通入1,1,1,3-四氯丙烷,氟化氢与1,1,1,3- 四氯丙烷的摩尔比为10:1,接触时间为8s,运行12h后产物经水、碱洗吸收氟化氢、氯化氢后进气相色谱仪进行分析,采用面积归一化法计算1,1,1,3-四氯丙烷的转化率及目标产物3,3,3-三氟丙烯选择性。
反应结果如下表:
表2实施例2的氟化铁基催化剂的反应评价结果
实施例3
采用实施例1中相同方法制备M/FeF3催化剂,将其应用到1,1,2,3-四氯丙烯气相氟化制备2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯反应中。
催化剂性能评价如下:量取30mL催化剂转入固定床管式反应器中,升温至 240℃并干燥2h后通入氟化氢气体,然后通入1,1,2,3-四氯丙烯,氟化氢与1,1,2,3- 四氯丙烯的摩尔比为15:1,接触时间为10s,运行12h后产物经水、碱洗吸收氟化氢、氯化氢后进气相色谱仪进行分析,采用面积归一化法计算1,1,2,3-四氯丙烯的转化率及目标产物2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯选择性。
反应结果如下表:
表3实施例3的氟化铁基催化剂的反应评价结果
实施例4
采用实施例1中相同方法制备M/FeF3催化剂,将其应用到1,1,1-三氟-2,3,3,3-四氯丙烷气相氟化制备1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟-2-丁烯反应中。
催化剂性能评价如下:量取30mL催化剂转入固定床管式反应器中,升温至280℃并干燥2h后通入氟化氢气体,然后通入1,1,1-三氟-2,3,3,3-四氯丙烷,氟化氢与1,1,1-三氟-2,3,3,3-四氯丙烷的摩尔比为15:1,接触时间为6s,运行12h 后产物经水、碱洗吸收氟化氢、氯化氢后进气相色谱仪进行分析,采用面积归一化法计算1,1,1-三氟-2,3,3,3-四氯丙烷的转化率及目标产物1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟-2- 丁烯选择性。
反应结果如下表:
表4实施例4的氟化铁基催化剂的反应评价结果
Claims (5)
1.一种气相氟化合成氢氟烯烃用氟化铁基催化剂,其特征在于,该催化剂组成为M/FeF3,基体FeF3为羟基氟化铁,比表面积大于120 m2/g;活性组分M的阳离子选自Co3+、Ni2+、Al3+、Zn2+、La3+、Ga3+、Mn4+、Cu2+中的一种或几种;活性组分M的质量占催化剂总质量的5%~20%;
采用如下方法制备而成,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)在60~90℃下向含Fe3+及M的多元醇溶液中滴加氟化试剂,滴加完毕后继续搅拌6~12h,随后于130~180℃下烘干24h,离心分离获得M/FeF3干凝胶;
所述氟化试剂选自氟化氢的水溶液、醇溶液、醚溶液中的一种,氟化试剂的浓度为20wt.%~70wt.%, 所述Fe3+与氟化试剂中的氟化氢的摩尔比为1:3~1:10;
所述Fe3+选自硝酸铁、氯化铁、硫酸铁、甲醇铁、乙醇铁、乙酸铁中的一种,所述M的阴离子选自硝酸盐、氯化物、硫酸盐中的一种或几种;
所述多元醇选自乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、二缩乙二醇中的一种或几种;
(2)在200℃下对步骤(1)中所制干凝胶进行热处理,随后再于150~400℃下对热处理后干凝胶进行氟化处理制得M/FeF3催化剂;
所述热处理气氛选自空气、氮气、氢气气氛中的一种进行;
所述氟化处理所用氟试剂选自氟化氢、二氯二氟甲烷、一氯二氟甲烷、一氯三氟甲烷中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的气相氟化合成氢氟烯烃用氟化铁基催化剂的应用,其特征在于,该催化剂适用于氢氟烯烃或氢氟氯烯烃的气相氟化合成反应。
3.根据权利要求2所述的气相氟化合成氢氟烯烃用氟化铁基催化剂的应用,其特征在于,所述的气相氟化合成反应由1,1,2,3-四氯丙烯气相氟化制备2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯。
4.根据权利要求2所述的气相氟化合成氢氟烯烃用氟化铁基催化剂的应用,其特征在于,所述的气相氟化合成反应由1,1,1,3-四氯丙烷气相氟化制备3,3,3-三氟丙烯。
5.根据权利要求2所述的气相氟化合成氢氟烯烃用氟化铁基催化剂的应用,其特征在于,所述的气相氟化合成反应由1,1,1-三氟-2,3,3,3-四氯丙烷气相氟化制备1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟-2-丁烯。
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