CN111557966A - 一种具有抗肿瘤作用的紫苏籽提取物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种具有抗肿瘤作用的紫苏籽提取物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种具有抗肿瘤作用的紫苏籽提取物及其制备方法与应用,属于功能食品开发领域。为了提高紫苏粕的利用价值,本发明提供了一种具有抗肿瘤作用的紫苏籽提取物的制备方法,将紫苏粕利用石油醚脱脂处理,经水提取后得到的提取液经乙醇沉淀得到紫苏籽提取物。本发明制备的提取物具有明显的抑制肿瘤生长的作用,利用紫苏粕加工生产紫苏籽多糖口服液,不仅能够有效利用农业废弃物资源,提高紫苏产品的附加值,而且对于提高企业的经济效益具有重要意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能食品开发领域,具体涉及一种具有抗肿瘤作用的紫苏籽提取物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
紫苏,别名赤苏、白苏、香苏等,学名Perilla frutescens L.,为唇形科一年生草本植物,在印度、缅甸、中国、日本、朝鲜、韩国、印度尼西亚和俄罗斯等国家普遍种植。据国内外医学临床研究,紫苏具有抗氧化、防衰老、降血脂、降血糖、抗过敏、抗微生物、提高记忆力和改善视觉功能等保健功能,是具有多种生理作用的药、食两用植物。因此,随着国内外健康产业蓬勃发展,紫苏日益成为保健食品开发和医疗保健机构研究热点。目前,国内外对紫苏叶酚酸类和紫苏醛等活性物质研究较多,关于紫苏籽提取物的生理作用研究报道较少,特别是对于紫苏籽水提物的研究还处于刚刚起步阶段。
紫苏粕是紫苏油生产加工过程中产生的副产物,约占紫苏籽原料的60-65%,体量较大,目前主要用于喂养家禽牲畜,一直没有得到合理利用。
发明内容
为了提高紫苏粕的利用价值,本发明提供了一种具有抗肿瘤作用的紫苏籽提取物的制备方法,步骤如下:
1)脱脂:将紫苏粕利用石油醚脱脂处理,脱脂后去除残留的石油醚;
2)水提:称取脱脂后紫苏粕粉末,与水按照1g:(10-30)mL的料液比混合,然后经80-90℃回流提取80-100min,得到的提取液经离心后获得上清液;
3)醇沉:将步骤2)获得的上清液,加入无水乙醇至乙醇最终体积百分含量为70%,静置后离心,收集沉淀;然后向沉淀中加入18-22倍体积百分含量为70%的乙醇溶液,静置后离心,收集沉淀;
4)然后,将步骤3)得到的沉淀挥干,去除乙醇,冷冻干燥后即得紫苏籽提取物。
在本发明的一个实施例中,步骤1)所述石油醚为沸程30-60℃的石油醚。
在本发明的一个实施例中,步骤1)残留的石油醚通过真空蒸发的方法去除。
在本发明的一个实施例中,步骤2)所述的水提是将脱脂后紫苏粕粉末与水按照1g:20mL的料液比混合,85℃回流提取90min。
在本发明的一个实施例中,步骤2)所述离心是指4000r/min条件下离心10min。
在本发明的一个实施例中,步骤3)所述静置均为静置24h;所述离心均是指4000r/min的条件下离心10min。
在本发明的一个实施例中,步骤4)所述挥干是指将沉淀于80℃下挥干4h。
在本发明的一个实施例中,步骤4)所述冷冻干燥是指沉淀预先冷却至-20℃,然后-50~-25℃下干燥4-12h。
本发明还提供了上述制备方法制备得到的紫苏籽提取物。
本发明还提供了上述制备方法得到的紫苏籽提取物在制备抗肿瘤的药物或保健品中的应用。
有益效果
本发明从紫苏粕中提取,本发明获得的紫苏籽水提取物为水溶性多糖,能够明显降低荷瘤小鼠血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和醛缩酶(ALD)浓度(P<0.05),提高荷瘤小鼠血清IL-2活性和TNF-α活性、降低荷瘤小鼠血清IL-10活性(P<0.05),下调荷瘤小鼠肿瘤组织Bcl-2蛋白表达水平,上调荷瘤小鼠Bax蛋白的表达水平(P<0.05),灌胃量100mg/kg·Bw(紫苏粕提取物/每千克小鼠),连续灌胃10d,抑瘤率达到34.89%,说明该提取物具有明显的抑制肿瘤生长的作用。利用紫苏粕加工生产紫苏籽多糖口服液,不仅能够有效利用农业废弃物资源,提高紫苏产品的附加值,而且对于提高企业的经济效益具有重要意义。
附图说明
图1小鼠血清中乳酸脱氢酶和醛缩酶活力;A为乳酸脱氢酶活力,B为醛缩酶活力;
图2紫苏籽提取物小鼠抑瘤率,A为各组小鼠,B为抑瘤率;
图3小鼠血清IL-2、IL-10和TNF-α浓度,A为IL-2浓度检测,B为IL-10浓度检测,C为TNF-α浓度检测。
图中a,b,c,d:相同字母代表样本间差异不显著,不同字母代表样本间差异显著。
具体实施方式
本实验用紫苏籽由桦南农盛园食品有限公司提供,其他试剂、仪器或使用的设备均可通过商业化途径购买获得。
实施例1.紫苏籽提取物的制备方法。
1)脱脂:紫苏粕利用石油醚(沸程30-60℃)采用索氏提取法脱脂处理,脱脂后利用旋转蒸发仪真空蒸发挥干残留石油醚。
2)称取脱脂后紫苏粕粉末,与水按照1g:20mL的料液比混合,85℃回流提取90min,得到的提取液在转速为4000r/min的条件下离心10min,获得上清液。
3)将步骤2)离心后得到的上清液,加入无水乙醇至乙醇最终体积百分含量为70%,静置24h后,在转速4000r/min的条件下离心10min,收集沉淀;然后向沉淀中加入20倍体积百分含量为70%的乙醇溶液,静置24h后,在转速4000r/min的条件下离心10min,收集沉淀。
4)将步骤3)得到的沉淀在80℃水浴下挥干4h,然后冷却至-20℃,放入冷冻干燥机中,-40℃冷冻干燥10h,即得为紫苏籽水提取物,经红外光谱鉴定为杂多糖。
实施例2.紫苏籽提取物的制备方法。
1)脱脂:紫苏粕利用石油醚(沸程30-60℃)采用索氏提取法脱脂处理,脱脂后利用旋转蒸发仪真空蒸发挥干残留石油醚。
2)称取脱脂后紫苏粕粉末,与水按照1g:10mL的料液比混合,80℃回流提取100min,得到的提取液在转速为4000r/min的条件下离心10min,获得上清液。
3)将步骤2)离心后得到的上清液,加入无水乙醇至乙醇最终体积百分含量为70%,静置24h后,在转速4000r/min的条件下离心10min,收集沉淀;然后向沉淀中加入18倍体积百分含量为70%的乙醇溶液,静置24h后,在转速4000r/min的条件下离心10min,收集沉淀。
4)将步骤3)得到的沉淀在80℃水浴下挥干4h,然后冷却至-20℃,放入冷冻干燥机中,-25℃冷冻干燥4h,即得为紫苏籽水提取物。
实施例3.紫苏籽提取物的制备方法。
1)脱脂:紫苏粕利用石油醚(沸程30-60℃)采用索氏提取法脱脂处理,脱脂后利用旋转蒸发仪真空蒸发挥干残留石油醚。
2)称取脱脂后紫苏粕粉末,与水按照1g:30mL的料液比混合,90℃回流提取80min,得到的提取液在转速为4000r/min的条件下离心10min,获得上清液。
3)将步骤2)离心后得到的上清液,加入无水乙醇至乙醇最终体积百分含量为70%,静置24h后,在转速4000r/min的条件下离心10min,收集沉淀;然后向沉淀中加入18倍体积百分含量为70%的乙醇溶液,静置24h后,在转速4000r/min的条件下离心10min,收集沉淀。
4)将步骤3)得到的沉淀在80℃水浴下挥干4h,然后冷却至-20℃,放入冷冻干燥机中,-50℃冷冻干燥12h,即得为紫苏籽水提取物。
实施例4.紫苏籽提取物的药效学实验。
以实施例1制备的紫苏籽提取物为例,考察其抗肿瘤的作用。
一、试验条件:
1、试验动物,昆明种健康小鼠,雄性,体重20±2g,购自哈尔滨医科大学第二附属医院实验动物中心。饲养环境为普通级动物饲养室,温度为20~26℃,相对湿度为60%-75%,定时进行通风换气。
2、制备H22肿瘤细胞悬液:取H22肿瘤细胞(商品化细胞),3000r/min离心10min,再用无菌生理盐水洗涤肿瘤细胞3次,稀释5倍,取40μL细胞悬液加入10μL 0.4%台酚蓝染液并镜检计数,浓度3×106个/mL。
二、试验方法:
1、实验分组:小鼠称重,雌雄各半,随机分为7组,每组10只。除正常组外,其余各组皮下注射H22肝癌细胞悬液(0.2mL),制备肝癌模型组。24h后,正常组和模型组:纯净水灌胃0.3mL;阳性对照组:环磷酰胺灌胃0.3mL(50mg/kg·Bw);实验组1:紫苏籽提取物低剂量组灌胃0.3mL(50mg/kg·Bw);实验组2:紫苏籽提取物中剂量组灌胃0.3mL(100mg/kg·Bw);实验组3:紫苏籽提取物高剂量组灌胃0.3mL(150mg/kg·Bw)。
2、连续灌胃10d天后,眼廓取血,室温下静置0.5h,在4℃,4000r/min离心15min分离血清,采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定实体瘤小鼠血清中细胞因子活性。血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和醛缩酶(ALD)活力的测定采用试剂盒。结果如图1所示,可以看出,与正常组相比,模型组LDH浓度显著升高(P<0.05),阳性对照组和正常组LDH浓度差异较小(P>0.05)。与正常组相比,模型组ALD浓度显著升高(P<0.05),说明小鼠接种肿瘤引起肝组织损伤,导致大量ALD进入血液,但紫苏籽多糖可以减缓肝组织的损毁速度,降低ALD进入血液的速度。
3、眼眶取血完毕后,断颈处死,剥离胸腺和脾脏称重,计算抑瘤率,如图2所示。另摘取背部皮下肿瘤组织快速放置于固定液中保存,测定荷瘤小鼠血清细胞因子含量。
由图2可知,紫苏籽提取物高剂量组抑瘤率为34.89%,按照我国中草药抗肿瘤有效性的标准抑瘤率>30%,即认为具有抗肿瘤活性,可以说明,该紫苏籽提取物具有显著的抗肿瘤活性。
细胞因子(cytokine)由造血系统、免疫系统或炎症反应的活化细胞产生,能调节细胞分化增殖和诱导细胞发挥功能,可以杀伤肿瘤细胞而不影响正常细胞生长。白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-2主要由T淋巴细胞产生,是调节机体免疫功能最主要的淋巴细胞因子,它是通过调节机体的免疫系统发挥抗肿瘤功效。肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosisfactor,TNF)-α主要由单核/巨噬细跑产生,能杀伤和抑制肿瘤细胞,是重要的炎症因子,并参与某些自身免疫系统的病理损伤。白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-10主要是辅助性T细胞(Th2)分泌的细胞因子,能够抑制Thl型细胞分泌IL-2、干扰素IFN-γ等细胞因子,因此,IL-10水平升高会使机体的免疫系统处于被抑制状态,使病情加重。
由图3可知,IL-2浓度正常组为169.27pg/mL,说明正常小鼠IL-2浓度较高,在注射H22肝癌细胞后,T淋巴细胞产生受阻,小鼠免疫系统受损(模型组为82.91pg/mL)。与模型组相比,阳性组IL-2水平显著上升(P<0.05),这与环磷酰胺的免疫调节作用有关,紫苏籽提取物各组IL-2水平也明显升高(P<0.05),说明紫苏籽提取物能够提高T淋巴细胞活性,增强机体免疫系统的抗肿瘤能力。
IL-10浓度正常组为111.44pg/mL,注射H22肝癌细胞后,小鼠免疫系统被抑制,IL-10浓度上升(模型组为146.74pg/mL)。与正常组相比,阳性对照组和其他实验组IL-10水平也明显上升(P<0.05),说明小鼠免疫系统受到损伤,但没有模型组严重(P<0.05),各实验组的IL-10水平基本一致。
TNF-α浓度正常组为309.53pg/mL,说明正常小鼠TNF-α水平较高,在注射H22肝癌细胞后,巨噬细胞活性降低,小鼠免疫系统受损(模型组为103.77pg/mL)。与模型组相比,阳性组、紫苏籽提取物低,中和高剂量组TNF-α浓度均显著上升(P<0.05),说明环磷酰胺和紫苏籽提取物均能促进巨噬细胞分化,提高机体杀灭和抑制肿瘤细胞的能力,正常组(没有接种瘤株的健康小鼠)与模型组相比具有极显著性(P<0.01)。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有抗肿瘤作用的紫苏籽提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
1)脱脂:将紫苏粕利用石油醚脱脂处理,脱脂后去除残留的石油醚;
2)水提:称取脱脂后紫苏粕粉末,与水按照1g:(10-30)mL的料液比混合,然后经80-90℃回流提取80-100min,得到的提取液经离心后获得上清液;
3)醇沉:将步骤2)获得的上清液,加入无水乙醇至乙醇最终体积百分含量为70%,静置后离心,收集沉淀;然后向沉淀中加入18-22倍体积百分含量为70%的乙醇溶液,静置后离心,收集沉淀;
4)然后,将步骤3)得到的沉淀挥干,去除乙醇,冷冻干燥后即得紫苏籽提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)所述石油醚为沸程30-60℃的石油醚。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)残留的石油醚通过真空蒸发的方法去除。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)所述的水提是将脱脂后紫苏粕粉末与水按照1g:20mL的料液比混合,85℃回流提取90min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)所述离心是指4000r/min条件下离心10min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)所述静置均为静置24h;所述离心均是指4000r/min的条件下离心10min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤4)所述挥干是指将沉淀于80℃下挥干4h。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤4)所述冷冻干燥是指沉淀预先冷却至-20℃,然后-50~-25℃下干燥4-12h。
9.一种权利要求1-8任意一项所述的制备方法制备得到的紫苏籽提取物。
10.权利要求1-8任意一项所述的制备方法得到的紫苏籽提取物在制备抗肿瘤的药物或保健品中的应用。
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