CN1115566A - 用于机床的夹具 - Google Patents

用于机床的夹具 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1115566A
CN1115566A CN94190786A CN94190786A CN1115566A CN 1115566 A CN1115566 A CN 1115566A CN 94190786 A CN94190786 A CN 94190786A CN 94190786 A CN94190786 A CN 94190786A CN 1115566 A CN1115566 A CN 1115566A
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gripping sleeve
clamping
clamping clip
anchor clamps
cutter
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E·格伯
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Rego Fix AG
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Rego Fix AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
    • B23B31/02—Chucks
    • B23B31/10—Chucks characterised by the retaining or gripping devices or their immediate operating means
    • B23B31/12—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable
    • B23B31/20—Longitudinally-split sleeves, e.g. collet chucks
    • B23B31/201—Characterized by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means
    • B23B31/202—Details of the jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
    • B23B31/02—Chucks
    • B23B31/24—Chucks characterised by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means
    • B23B31/30—Chucks characterised by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means using fluid-pressure means in the chuck
    • B23B31/305—Chucks characterised by features relating primarily to remote control of the gripping means using fluid-pressure means in the chuck the gripping means is a deformable sleeve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/0009—Energy-transferring means or control lines for movable machine parts; Control panels or boxes; Control parts
    • B23Q1/0018—Energy-transferring means or control lines for movable machine parts; Control panels or boxes; Control parts comprising hydraulic means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/0009—Energy-transferring means or control lines for movable machine parts; Control panels or boxes; Control parts
    • B23Q1/0018—Energy-transferring means or control lines for movable machine parts; Control panels or boxes; Control parts comprising hydraulic means
    • B23Q1/0027—Energy-transferring means or control lines for movable machine parts; Control panels or boxes; Control parts comprising hydraulic means between moving parts between which an uninterrupted energy-transfer connection is maintained
    • B23Q1/0036—Energy-transferring means or control lines for movable machine parts; Control panels or boxes; Control parts comprising hydraulic means between moving parts between which an uninterrupted energy-transfer connection is maintained one of those parts being a tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
    • B23Q11/1015—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work by supplying a cutting liquid through the spindle
    • B23Q11/1023—Tool holders, or tools in general specially adapted for receiving the cutting liquid from the spindle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2231/00—Details of chucks, toolholder shanks or tool shanks
    • B23B2231/20—Collet chucks
    • B23B2231/201—Operating surfaces of collets, i.e. the surface of the collet acted on by the operating means
    • B23B2231/2021—Operating surfaces of collets, i.e. the surface of the collet acted on by the operating means comprising two different cones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2231/00—Details of chucks, toolholder shanks or tool shanks
    • B23B2231/20—Collet chucks
    • B23B2231/2089—Slits of collets
    • B23B2231/2091—Slits of collets extending from both axial ends of the collet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2250/00—Compensating adverse effects during turning, boring or drilling
    • B23B2250/12—Cooling and lubrication
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T279/00—Chucks or sockets
    • Y10T279/17—Socket type
    • Y10T279/17111—Fluid-conduit drill holding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T279/00—Chucks or sockets
    • Y10T279/17—Socket type
    • Y10T279/17411—Spring biased jaws
    • Y10T279/17418—Unitary
    • Y10T279/17435—Split at both ends
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T279/00—Chucks or sockets
    • Y10T279/17—Socket type
    • Y10T279/17411—Spring biased jaws
    • Y10T279/17478—Spring biased jaws with means to exclude contaminants; e.g., seal, shield
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/34—Combined cutting means
    • Y10T408/352—Combined cutting means including rotating cutter other than rotating, axially moving Tool
    • Y10T408/353—Crystalline cutter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/44—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with means to apply transient, fluent medium to work or product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/44—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with means to apply transient, fluent medium to work or product
    • Y10T408/45—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with means to apply transient, fluent medium to work or product including Tool with duct

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gripping On Spindles (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Feeding Of Workpieces (AREA)

Abstract

本发明描述了一种具有夹紧钳(2)或夹紧套(13)的夹具，用于内设冷却液通道的钻头、铣刀、丝锥或铰刀，机床侧开口的径向切槽(7)和/或中间切槽(14)和/或刀具侧开口的切槽(8)固定在刀具轴柄(5)和夹紧钳或夹紧套的装夹头(4)上，使得它们形成对冷却液的阻隔。

Description

用于机床的夹具
本发明涉及一种刀具柄与机床之间的夹具，尤其涉及一种内设冷却液通道的切削刀具的夹具。
在主要用于金属的切削加工中，在机床(钻、铣、车床)等类似设备上装有刀具，这些刀具的刀柄内有一个孔，由此可直接把冷却液输往刀刃，以使刀具得到较长的使用寿命和更高的切削效率。
这类切削刀具在大多数情况下具有圆形刀柄，它借助于其上开有起增加弹性作用的槽的夹紧钳或者夹紧套固定在刀具装夹头上并确保它不能转动。因为这类带有内冷却液通道的切削刀具要承受甚至达40000转/分的转速，所以在工作过程中必须要加强冷却。为了改善冷却，就要将喷出冷却液的压力提高到50巴甚至更高。如果这时将一把带内冷却液通道的刀具借助于夹紧钳或夹紧套与机床联结，则会使冷却液中的大部分从未密封的夹紧钳或者夹紧套上的槽缝中流失。
为了阻止上述冷却液的流失，至目前人们把夹紧钳或夹套上的开槽用某种弹性物质如橡胶填满，采用这种方法当然就损失了装夹范围；或者采用夹紧螺母借助于一个密封填片、一个固定的密封环、或者借助于一个涨圈将其密封；或者在夹紧钳或夹紧套上的槽中专门打的孔装上橡皮销子。采用这种方案的不足之处是，对每种轴径或者刀柄直径必须有相应直径的密封填片或者不同的涨圈，并且，这些密封环或者橡皮销子在目前冷却液很高压力的情况已经不能再确保密封封，而且还要受到不同冷却液的侵蚀。这些方案的最大缺点还在于，对要密封的夹紧钳或者夹紧套还需要另外增加构件。
因此，本发明的任务就在于解决(冷却)液体从机床中泄漏，即使在达150大气压的高压时仍完好地密封，并创造出这样的继续保持其弹韧性的夹具，而毋需另外增加密封件，并且能够安装在传统的机床上。
以文首所述类型的夹具为出发点，为了解决所提出的任务，本发明提出了一种夹紧钳或者夹紧套，这种夹紧钳或夹紧套的径向开槽或者中间槽的未铣穿部分一方面固定在刀具轴柄上，另一方面至少部分地固定在夹紧钳装夹头或夹紧套装夹头上，使得它们共同地与刀具轴柄和夹紧钳装夹头形成一个冷却液阻隔。通过施加到夹紧钳或夹紧套外轮廓上的径向压力，或者通过夹紧螺母对锥形夹紧钳产生的轴向压力而得到在刀具轴柄、夹紧钳或夹紧套与夹紧钳装夹头或夹紧套装夹头之间的对冷却液起密封作用的金属-金属的密封，使得处于压力下的冷却液只能沿着确定的在刀具柄内的已有的孔的方向流向刀具。
由于采用两头封闭的中间开槽，所以可以有选择地避免在机床一侧出现开口槽。采用本发明的这种结构使得冷却液只能沿着刀柄内已有的孔的确定的方向流向切削刀具。
最好采用双开槽的夹紧钳，其特点在于，其开槽是从相对侧面交替地切入夹紧钳内，也可以使用带中间开槽的夹紧钳，亦即其开槽在夹紧钳或者夹紧套的两端是封闭的。这样的夹紧钳或夹紧套的优点在于，它只在切削刀具一侧的开槽是开口的，这样使得在机床一侧由于没有开口的切槽而不再存在密封问题。为了使这种夹紧钳或者夹紧套的伸缩韧性也得到改善，可以有利地另外加上一个流出口。
这些夹紧钳或者夹紧套通常采用淬硬的弹簧钢、工具钢或者铍青铜制成，使得它们在径向铣开的槽受到机械或液压压力作用时得到一定的伸缩韧性。它们可以是圆柱状的，也可以是锥状的、双锥状的或者是锥状圆柱状组合形状的。
这些夹紧钳或者夹紧套，当刀具轴柄的直径较小时，可以在机床一侧末端加一个扩孔，而当刀具轴柄直径较大时通常就不需要它了。
下面借助于附图详细说明实施例。其中：
图示1一种带有锥形夹紧钳而不带扩孔的夹具的剖视图，
图2一种带有锥状夹紧钳和扩孔的夹具的剖面图，
图3一种圆柱形夹紧套采用液压式夹紧的夹具的剖视图，
图4a一种圆柱形夹紧套的侧视透视图，
图4b图4a中圆柱形夹紧套前视透视图，
图5a一种锥状夹紧钳的侧视透视图，
图5b图5a中锥状夹紧钳的前视侧视图。
在图1中所示为夹具(1)，它具有一个锥形夹紧钳(2)。该夹紧钳(2)借助于夹紧螺母(3)被固定在装夹头(4)之内。当紧固锁紧螺母(3)时使夹紧钳压进锥形的装夹头(4)内，使得轴向力作用到刀具轴柄(5)上，从而使它自身牢固地固定在装夹头(4)内。刀具轴柄(5)上有一个孔(6)用于输入内冷却液。夹紧钳(2)在功能上所必需的伸缩韧性则由在其径向分布的切槽(7，8)来达到。切槽(7)的一部分在机床一侧被切入夹紧钳，而切槽(8)的另一部分则在刀具一侧被切入夹紧钳(3)。这些切槽最好加工成能达到最好的伸缩韧性，以及能向刀柄(5)传递尽可能大的夹紧力。从机床一侧切入夹紧钳(2)的切槽(7)具有一定的长度，它由装夹头(4)的长度来确定，同时未切透部分(11)与刀柄(5)和装夹头(4)共同形成对冷却液(10)从夹具(1)中外流的阻隔。由于夹紧钳(2)在刀具一侧切入的切槽(8)也具有未切透部分(9)，也形成类似的对冷却液(10)的阻隔，因此，冷却液只能够通过孔(3)流到刀具所要求的地方去。通过切槽(7，8)这种布置和切槽的长度，使得这种迷宫式密封装置阻隔了所有的冷却液所能随便流泄的有关出口，否则冷却液(10)将可能从切槽(7，8)不受阻挡地外泄。
如果要提高夹紧钳(2)的伸缩韧性，可以在夹紧钳(2)的伸缩韧性不十分重要的情况下将切槽(7，8)扩大或者将未切透部分(9，11)留短些。
图2所示为一个类似图1的夹具。其主要区别在于其又另外加工了一个扩孔(12)，它尤其应用在当刀柄(5)直径较小时的夹紧钳上。在这种情况下，夹紧钳上的未切透部分(9)扩大了很多，因此，可以把这部分密封地固定在刀柄上以避免冷却液外泄。
图3所示为一个夹紧套(13)，它由液压夹紧。夹紧套(13)一方面在刀具侧具有切入的槽(8)，而另一方面还具有两端均有未切透部分(15a)和(15b)的中间开槽(14)。当螺钉(16)旋入时，液压油(17)从存贮器(18)中压入夹紧套装夹头(4)的圆柱形空腔(19)中，使得空腔(19)中与夹紧套(13)之间的薄壁(20)弹性地向内挤压并且由此把夹紧套(13)固定在装夹头(4)内。
图4a和图4b所示为圆柱形夹紧套(13)，图5a和图5b所示为锥状夹紧钳(2)，其含义可容易地从前面的图中推知，因此不需要进一步的解释。

Claims (6)

1.处于机床与刀具轴柄，尤其是带有内冷却液通道的切削刀具之间的夹具(1)，包括一个夹紧钳(2)和一个夹紧钳装夹头(4)或者一个夹紧套(13)和一个夹紧套装夹头(4)，其特征在于，在机床一侧开口的径向切槽(7)和/或中间切槽(14)和/或刀具一侧开口的径向切槽(8)的未切透部分(9，11，15a，15b)固定在刀柄(5)上和至少部分地固定在夹紧钳装夹头(4)上，使得它们与刀柄(5)和装夹头(4)一起形成一个对冷却液(外泄)的阻隔。
2.按照权利要求1所述的夹具，其特征在于，夹紧钳(2)或者夹紧套(13)具有按刀具一侧和机床一侧顺序交替开口的径向切槽(7，8)。
3.按照权利要求1所述的夹具，其特征在于，夹紧套(13)具有在刀具一侧开口的径向切槽(8)和径向中间切槽(14)，它们顺序交替排列。
4.按照权利要求1-3中之一所述的夹具，其特征在于，夹紧钳(2)或者夹紧套(13)是由淬硬的弹簧钢、工具钢或者铍青铜加工而成。
5.按照权利要求1-4中之一所述的夹具，其特征在于，夹紧钳(2)或者夹紧套(13)具有一个扩孔(12)。
6.按照权利要求1-5中之一所述的夹具，其特征在于，夹紧钳(2)或者夹紧套(13)由机械式或液压式紧固。
CN94190786A 1993-09-14 1994-09-13 用于机床的夹具 Pending CN1115566A (zh)

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US5904451A (en) 1999-05-18
EP0668810B1 (de) 1999-12-01
USRE37484E1 (en) 2001-12-25
AU7529494A (en) 1995-04-03
ES2141834T3 (es) 2000-04-01
KR950704085A (ko) 1995-11-17
ATE187113T1 (de) 1999-12-15
DE59408966D1 (de) 2000-01-05
WO1995007791A1 (de) 1995-03-23
EP0668810A1 (de) 1995-08-30

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