CN111545200A - 一种Ce-Ag-TiO2纳米复合抗菌材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种Ce‑Ag‑TiO2纳米复合抗菌材料及其制备方法,所述纳米复合抗菌材料以TiO2为无机载体材料,掺杂有无机抗菌材料Ag和稀土元素Ce,其中:Ce的掺杂量为TiO2质量的0.5~5%,Ag的掺杂量为TiO2质量的0.5~2%。本发明采用将银纳米材料与具有抗菌性能的无机载体材料TiO2和稀土Ce离子结合起来的方法,一方面改善了银纳米材料的缺陷,一方面降低了抗菌材料的成本。本发明制备的纳米复合抗菌材料具有较好的抗菌性,适用于陶瓷、纺织品、涂料、生物医疗、水净化、塑料、农业、交通、环保、建筑、卫生等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纳米复合抗菌材料及其制备方法,具体涉及一种Ce-Ag-TiO2纳米复合抗菌材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
稀土元素因其特殊的电子层结构使其具有优异的发光性能,稀土配合物是稀土功能材料研究以及配合物研究中最重要的且最具有现实研究意义的领域之一。由于各种配体的加入,使稀土配合物结构繁多,其在配位场的修饰下展现出了其他材料无法比拟的光、点、磁的优越性能,被广泛应用于新兴领域,如抗菌材料、电磁材料、荧光探针、环境材料、纳米材料、超导材料和分子工程等。
二氧化钛(TiO2)是N型半导体材料,具有光致杀菌作用。尤其在紫外线(UV)存在下特性更加突出。在紫外线照射下,TiO2产生活性氧,例如超氧化物、氧自由基和氢氧自由基,它们会破坏细菌细胞壁和阻碍它们的呼吸系统,导致细菌死亡。但因TiO2带隙较宽不能利用大部分太阳光,所以其催化活性不够高,以至于抗菌效果产生了一定的局限。而单一的银纳米材料存在不稳定、易团聚、成本高等缺陷。
发明内容
本发明针对TiO2和单一银纳米材料自身存在的缺陷,提供了一种Ce-Ag-TiO2纳米复合抗菌材料及其制备方法,通过双掺杂的方式对TiO2进行改性,使其抗菌能力得到提高。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种Ce-Ag-TiO2纳米复合抗菌材料,以TiO2为无机载体材料,掺杂有无机抗菌材料Ag和稀土元素Ce,其中:Ce的掺杂量为TiO2质量的0.5~5%,Ag的掺杂量为TiO2质量的0.5~2%。
一种Ce-Ag-TiO2纳米复合抗菌材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:将20~40mL钛酸四丁酯和20~40mL无水乙醇混合后剧烈的搅拌,然后滴加100~150mL无水乙醇、20~40mL硝酸铈溶液、20~40mL硝酸银、4~8mL浓硝酸,混合液开始水解,持续搅拌0.5~1.5h,有Ce-Ag-TiO2溶胶析出;
步骤2:取溶胶放入反应釜中,在温度为160~180℃的条件下进行水热反应5~8h;
步骤3:反应结束后,取出反应釜,倒上清液,离心分离,用去离子水洗涤至滤液为中性,再用无水乙醇洗涤2~4次;
步骤4:产物放在烘箱中干燥,控制温度为60~80℃,得前驱体产物;
步骤5:将前驱体产物放在400~500℃马弗炉内煅烧3~5h,得到掺杂Ag和Ce离子的二氧化钛纳米颗粒。
本发明采用溶胶-水热法制备纳米二氧化钛抗菌剂,该方法具有操作简便、产物纯净度高等优点,其制备原理如下:
溶解在溶剂中的前体化合物,它发生的溶剂和溶质的醇解和水解反应是通过溶胶颗粒的堆积形成,干燥凝胶,通过加热处理,得到了样品晶体。其中,以钛酸四丁酯为原料制备二氧化钛,无水乙醇为溶剂,浓硝酸作为催化剂和进行第二次蒸馏的水参与反应。
相比于现有技术,本发明具有如下优点:
1、本发明采用将银纳米材料与具有抗菌性能的无机载体材料TiO2和稀土Ce离子结合起来的方法,一方面改善了银纳米材料的缺陷,一方面降低了抗菌材料的成本。
2、本发明采用稀土化合物与银纳米材料复合的方法制备出新型抗菌材料,在抗菌材料的制备过程中加入稀土元素Ce,将大大提高材料的杀菌率。
3、本发明制备的纳米复合抗菌材料具有较好的抗菌性,适用于陶瓷、纺织品、涂料、生物医疗、水净化、塑料、农业、交通、环保、建筑、卫生等领域。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明,但并不局限于此,凡是对本发明技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围中。
一种Ce-Ag-TiO2纳米复合抗菌材料的制备方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1:将30mL钛酸四丁酯和30mL无水乙醇混合后剧烈的搅拌,然后慢慢的滴加120mL无水乙醇、30mL硝酸铈溶液、30mL硝酸银、6mL浓硝酸,混合液开始水解,持续搅拌1h,有Ce-Ag-TiO2溶胶析出。
步骤2:取40mL溶胶放入反应釜中进行水热反应,控制水热温度为170℃,反应时间6h。
步骤3:反应结束后,取出反应釜,倒上清液,离心分离,用去离子水洗涤至滤液为中性,再用无水乙醇洗涤3次。
步骤4:产物放在烘箱中干燥,控制温度为70℃,得前驱体产物。
步骤5:将前驱体产物放在450℃马弗炉内煅烧4h,得到掺杂Ag和Ce离子的二氧化钛纳米颗粒。
抑菌原理:
本发明制备的双元素掺杂的Ce-Ag-TiO2抗菌剂融合了光催化材料和银的抗菌机理。
(1)接触反应:细菌与Ag+直接作用,Ag+通过结合细胞膜蛋白,破坏细胞的成分,使细胞质外漏,多余的Ag+进入细胞内部,与细胞器反应,使其丧失活性。
(2)催化反应:在光的作用下,Ag+本身能起到催化活性中心的作用,从环境中吸收能量,激活空气中的氧和水,生成羟基自由基和活性氧离子,它们迅速摧毁细菌增殖,导致细胞死亡,从而达到抗菌作用。从上面的银离子抗菌机理可知,银离子是通过细菌的直接接触发挥作用,所以具有耐用、高效、抗广谱的优点。
(3)银为灭菌活性金属,纳米二氧化钛掺杂银的颗粒,很大的比表面积及非常高的表面活性增大了抗菌剂和细菌的接触的面积,具有抗菌性能更长久、效果更明显、更受高温、抗菌谱广等优点,可以相应的减少抗菌剂的使用量。
(4)稀土铈作为镧系金属中自然丰度最高的一种,是一种活泼的灰色金属,主要储于独居石及氟碳铈矿里,也储于铀、钍、钚的裂变产物中,常用为合金增添剂。Ce离子的加入大幅地增加了样品协同作用的抗菌特性。首先,由于Ce的加入,改性纳米二氧化钛的量子尺寸效应,并有更多的羟基自由基,光催化,从而赋予更高的光催化活性;第二,银离子的缓释协同杀菌作用,达到较好的抗菌效果。
抗菌试验:
用无菌棉签浸在细菌培养液,均匀的表面滴在营养琼脂的3倍。盖上盖子,室温干燥放置3 min。在培养基的表面上打两个板的小距边缘是不小于15毫米的直径为5毫米的孔,两个孔之间的间隔不少于24毫米,在小孔内分别注入不同比例的抗菌剂0.2 ml,然后置于37℃温箱孵育24 h。抑菌圈宽度公式:W=(D-T)/2,W是抑菌圈宽度,D是抑菌区的直径,T是孔的直径。
表1 热处理550℃后的双元素掺杂纳米TiO2紫外光照条件下的抗菌性能
表2 热处理550℃后的双元素掺杂纳米TiO2无光照条件下的抗菌性能
对比表1和表2可知,在紫外光照射条件下,Ce-Ag-TiO2型抗菌性能明显高于Ag-TiO2型,随着越来越多的Ce离子的含量,抑菌圈直径显著增加。
Claims (8)
1.一种Ce-Ag-TiO2纳米复合抗菌材料,其特征在于所述纳米复合抗菌材料以TiO2为无机载体材料,掺杂有无机抗菌材料Ag和稀土元素Ce,其中:Ce的掺杂量为TiO2质量的0.5~5%,Ag的掺杂量为TiO2质量的0.5~2%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的Ce-Ag-TiO2纳米复合抗菌材料,其特征在于所述Ag的掺杂量为TiO2质量的2%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的Ce-Ag-TiO2纳米复合抗菌材料,其特征在于所述Ce的掺杂量为TiO2质量的0.5%、2%或5%。
4.一种权利要求1-3任一项所述Ce-Ag-TiO2纳米复合抗菌材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1:将20~40mL钛酸四丁酯和20~40mL无水乙醇混合后剧烈的搅拌,然后滴加100~150mL无水乙醇、20~40mL硝酸铈溶液、20~40mL硝酸银、4~8mL浓硝酸,混合液开始水解,持续搅拌0.5~1.5h,有Ce-Ag-TiO2溶胶析出;
步骤2:取溶胶放入反应釜中进行水热反应;
步骤3:反应结束后,取出反应釜,倒上清液,离心分离,用去离子水洗涤至滤液为中性,再用无水乙醇洗涤;
步骤4:产物放在烘箱中干燥,得前驱体产物;
步骤5:将前驱体产物放在马弗炉内煅烧,得到掺杂Ag和Ce离子的二氧化钛纳米颗粒。
5.根据权利要求4所述的Ce-Ag-TiO2纳米复合抗菌材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述水热反应温度为160~180℃,时间为5~8h。
6.根据权利要求4所述的Ce-Ag-TiO2纳米复合抗菌材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述洗涤次数为2~4次。
7.根据权利要求4所述的Ce-Ag-TiO2纳米复合抗菌材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述干燥温度为60~80℃。
8.根据权利要求4所述的Ce-Ag-TiO2纳米复合抗菌材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述煅烧温度为400~500℃,时间为3~5h。
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