CN111528181A - Silkworm breeding method for anti-blood-type pus silkworm - Google Patents
Silkworm breeding method for anti-blood-type pus silkworm Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a silkworm breeding method for blood-type pyosis-resistant silkworms, which belongs to the technical field of silkworm breeding and comprises the following steps: 1) when the silkworm grows to 4 years old, raising the silkworm at the temperature of 25-26 ℃ and the environmental humidity of 70-80%; 2) after the silkworm grows to 5 years old, raising the silkworm at the temperature of 23-25 ℃ and the ambient humidity of 65-75%. By adopting the silkworm breeding method provided by the invention, the grown silkworms are regular in development, regular in maturity, few sick silkworms and high in cocoon yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of silkworm breeding, and particularly relates to a silkworm breeding method for silkworm with blood-type running sickness resistance.
Background
Silkworm nuclear polyhedrosis (commonly called as hemorrhoidal sepsis) caused by silkworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Bm NPV) is the most serious silkworm disease in the current silkworm production, and occurs in all silkworm areas in China, and particularly accounts for about 70% of the loss of the silkworm disease during silkworm rearing in summer and autumn, so that the sustainable development of the industry is seriously influenced. The "Gui silkworm 13" has the characteristics of multifilaments, fast development and silkworm virus disease (NPV) resistance. However, the variety has strong NPV resistance and simultaneously has no outstanding resistance to other germs, especially under the conditions of unfavorable feeding environment, feeding leaf quality, temperature and humidity conditions and the like. Therefore, in the key link of silkworm breeding, namely the silkworm breeding process, the silkworm breeding operation technology suitable for the variety is adopted, the optimal NPV resistance of the variety is exerted, the variety is not influenced by other silkworm diseases, other adverse manifestations are avoided, and finally the optimal cocoon yield is obtained for silkworm farmers to breed to realize the maximum economic benefit.
At present, the silkworm breeding technology of silkworm varieties has various researches, but the specific silkworm breeding technology research of the NPV-resistant silkworm variety is not carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for breeding silkworms with blood-type pyosis, which can achieve the best cocoon yield of silkworms with blood-type pyosis.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a silkworm rearing method for blood-type pyosis-resistant silkworms, which comprises the following steps:
1) when the silkworm grows to 4 years old, raising the silkworm at the temperature of 25-26 ℃ and the environmental humidity of 70-80%;
2) after the silkworm grows to 5 years old, raising the silkworm at the temperature of 23-25 ℃ and the ambient humidity of 65-75%.
Preferably, the step 1) feeding is performed under natural illumination.
Preferably, after the silkworms in the step 1) grow to 4 years old, ventilation is performed for 1-3 times every day in the feeding process.
Preferably, after the silkworms in the step 1) grow to 5 years old, ventilation is performed 3-5 times per day from the 1 st day to the 4 th day in the feeding process, and ventilation is performed 4-6 times per day at the later stage of the 5 years old.
Preferably, the step 2) feeding is performed under natural illumination.
Preferably, the mulberry leaves are fed in the feeding process in the step 1), and the mulberry leaves are fed according to the standard comprising: dark green leaves of three eyes or dark green leaves below the 8-leaf position.
Preferably, the mulberry leaves are fed in the feeding process in the step 2), and after 5 years, the mulberry leaves are fed in a mulberry strip form, and the mulberry leaves are fed in the later 5 years.
Preferably, the step 6) or the step 7) is to sterilize the giant silkworm or the mature silkworm with the anti-stiff powder before the last feeding of the mulberry leaves.
Preferably, the anti-stiff powder comprises lime powder and bleaching powder, and the mass ratio of the lime powder to the bleaching powder is 7-9: 1.
The invention provides a silkworm rearing method for blood-type pyosis-resistant silkworms, which comprises the following steps: 1) when the silkworm grows to 4 years old, raising the silkworm at the temperature of 25-26 ℃ and the environmental humidity of 70-80%; 2) after the silkworm grows to 5 years old, raising the silkworm at the temperature of 23-25 ℃ and the ambient humidity of 65-75%. By adopting the breeding method for the silkworm, the silkworm grows regularly, the mature is regular, the sick silkworm is few, and the cocoon yield is high.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a silkworm rearing method for blood-type pyosis-resistant silkworms, which comprises the following steps: 1) when the silkworm grows to 4 years old, raising the silkworm at the temperature of 25-26 ℃ and the environmental humidity of 70-80%; 2) after the silkworm grows to 5 years old, raising the silkworm at the temperature of 23-25 ℃ and the ambient humidity of 65-75%.
In the invention, after the silkworm grows to 4 years old, the silkworm is raised at the temperature of 25-26 ℃ and the environmental humidity of 70-80%.
In the invention, the variety of the silkworm is preferably 'noble silkworm No. 13', and the variety has the characteristics of filamentation, fast development and blood type pyosis resistance. The invention has special limitation on the source of the noble silkworm 13, and the silkworm breed bred by the silkworm research institute in Guizhou province can be adopted.
In the invention, when the silkworms are raised in the spring rearing period, after the silkworms grow to 4 years old, the rearing is preferably carried out at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the ambient humidity of 75%, the rearing is preferably carried out under natural illumination, and the windowing ventilation is preferably carried out for 1-3 times every day in the rearing process, and more preferably for 2 times every day. In the present invention, when silkworms grow to 4 years old, they are fed during raising, and the criteria for the mulberry preferably include: the number of times of feeding mulberry leaves is preferably 3 times per day. The invention preferably uses the rearing bed to raise the silkworm, and the mulberry leaves are uniformly scattered on the rearing bed, so that the silkworm after 4 years old can uniformly eat the mulberry leaves.
In the present invention, when rearing of silkworms in the spring rearing period, rearing is preferably carried out at a temperature of 23 to 24 ℃ and an ambient humidity of 70% after the silkworms have grown to 5 years old, the rearing is preferably carried out under natural light, and during rearing, ventilation is preferably carried out 3 to 5 times per day, more preferably 4 times per day, on the 1 st to 4 th days after 5 years old, and ventilation is preferably carried out 4 to 6 times per day in the later stage of 5 years old. In the invention, mulberry leaves are fed in the feeding process, preferably fed in a mulberry strip form after 5 years of age, and mulberry leaf leaves are fed in the later period of 5 years of age so as to ensure the silkworm rearing bed to be tidy and facilitate automatic cocooning. The present invention preferably uses a rearing bed for rearing a silkworm.
In the invention, when rearing of the silkworm in the autumn rearing period, rearing is preferably carried out at a temperature of 25-26 ℃ and an ambient humidity of 75% after the silkworm grows to 4 years old, the rearing is preferably carried out under natural illumination, and windowing ventilation is preferably carried out for 1-3 times per day in the rearing process, and windowing ventilation is more preferably carried out for 2 times per day. In the present invention, after silkworms reach 4 years of age, mulberry leaves are fed during rearing, and the criteria of the mulberry leaves preferably include: the number of times of feeding mulberry leaves is preferably 3 times per day. The invention preferably uses the rearing bed to raise the silkworm, and the mulberry leaves are uniformly scattered on the rearing bed, so that the silkworm after 4 years old can uniformly eat the mulberry leaves.
In the present invention, when rearing of silkworms in the autumn rearing period, rearing is preferably carried out at a temperature of 23 to 25 ℃ and an ambient humidity of 70% after the silkworms have grown to 5 years old, and the rearing is preferably carried out under natural light, and during rearing, ventilation is preferably carried out 3 to 5 times per day, more preferably 4 times per day, and preferably 4 to 6 times per day on the 1 st to 4 th days after 5 years old. In the invention, mulberry leaves are fed in the feeding process, preferably fed in a mulberry strip form after 5 years of age, and mulberry leaf leaves are fed in the later period of 5 years of age so as to ensure the silkworm rearing bed to be tidy and facilitate automatic cocooning. The present invention preferably uses rearing beds for rearing silkworms.
The specification of the rearing bed is not specially limited, and the rearing bed can be used by raising silkworms conventionally. According to the silkworm larva disinfection method, after the silkworm bodies and the silkworm seats are preferably fed with silkworms every day, the silkworm bodies and the silkworm seats are disinfected by using the anti-stiff powder, the anti-stiff powder preferably comprises lime powder and bleaching powder, and the mass ratio of the lime powder to the bleaching powder is preferably 7-9: 1, and more preferably 8: 1. The method preferably ventilates the feeding environment 15min in advance before feeding mulberry leaves every time so as to keep the feeding environment fresh. According to the invention, after the feeding is finished at noon every day, the environment for feeding the silkworms is preferably disinfected by using a bleaching powder solution with the effective chlorine of 1%.
The method for preventing and treating the bacterial diseases and the fungal diseases of the silkworm is not particularly limited and can be carried out by adopting a conventional method.
The invention preferably disinfects the silkworm rearing room floor, the operation room floor, the mulberry cutting plate (or the mulberry cutting machine), the mulberry feeding tool, the anti-dry paper and the like every day and after the sand removal, and can prevent other silkworm diseases to the maximum extent. The present invention preferably uses 1% available chlorine bleach clarified liquor for disinfection. In the present invention, the method for preparing the clear solution of the 1% effective chlorine bleaching powder preferably comprises: mixing 1kg bleaching powder containing 25% of available chlorine with 24kg water, standing for 30min, and collecting supernatant.
The present invention is not particularly limited to other management of the silkworms, and may be performed by a conventional management method in the field at the rearing stage of the silkworms.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Rural breeding test
1.1 varieties for testing
The tested silkworm variety Gui-Yang No. 13 and the control variety Shuangguan No. two.
1.2 test site
Weining county Jindouzhen black nicun, elevation 1700 m
1.3 test time
2018. 2019 spring silkworm stage
1.4 test methods
The tested silkworm varieties are discharged from the stock in a unified way, and the hatching is promoted, the ants are collected and the young silkworms are bred in a unified way at the co-breeding point. An ant amount of 2g per foil was distributed to each tester one day after co-breeding to a diet at 3 rd age. The technical level is selected by the experimenter, the mulberry tree planting varieties are consistent, the planting time is consistent, and the facility equipment is relatively consistent for 6 farmers. Feeding the animals at 3 rd instar according to a conventional method, selecting 3 families from the food in the area of 4 th instar as test groups, and feeding the animals at the whole instar by 3 breeding generations every day according to the conventional feeding method, wherein the feeding method is adopted for the test groups, and the other 3 families are used as control groups. In order to improve the data accuracy, cocooning is carried out 6 days after cocooning of silkworms, 3 samples are randomly extracted from a batch of concentrated cocoons on 7 days, each sample is 3 kg, 9 kg of silkworm cocoons are fully mixed and then extracted 3 samples, each sample is 1kg of silkworm cocoon to serve as a survey sample cocoon, and finally the average result of 3 households in a comprehensive test and control group is the final result. Full-term survey items: the cage-dead rate, the total cocoon weight, the cocoon shell rate, the first-grade cocoon rate (the first-grade cocoon is determined according to the standard of purchasing of local silkworm industry companies), the cocoon yield of a single species and the grain number of kilograms of cocoons. The results of the control group were investigated in the same manner as in the test group.
The invention relates to a rearing method (1) a young silkworm co-breeding method, which comprises the following steps: and (4) performing centralized incubation according to a unified standard, transferring silkworm eggs to the silkworm eggs, distributing silkworm eggs to various co-breeding points according to a plan, performing incubation supplementation, and preparing for collecting ants. And 6, turning on a lamp to sense light to the hatching silkworm eggs in the next morning, cutting mulberry leaves, blending anti-stiff powder, sterilizing the ground of a co-breeding room and the like, and then collecting the ants. Collecting ant by means of ant sweeping method and collecting ant by means of mulberry introduction method. When the newly hatched silkworms are harvested, standardized co-breeding of young silkworms is carried out according to the quantity of 5 g (or 2.5 g) of the newly hatched silkworms harvested in each co-breeding box (or called a region), the newly hatched silkworms are bred in a region when the newly hatched silkworms of 3 years old are bred, and the newly hatched silkworms are distributed to each farmer according to the quantity of the bred silkworms of the farmer (also called the silkworm farmer purchases the young silkworms).
The young silkworm co-breeding period is based on 1, 2 years of full dry-proof, namely, a set of young silkworm co-breeding boxes (one co-breeding vehicle and 10 co-breeding silkworm foils are a set of young silkworm co-breeding boxes) are completely covered by dry-proof paper every time the mulberry feeding is finished. Picking leaves according to the conventional requirements by using a leaf picking standard, and cutting the leaves according to the following standard: 1. the leaf is finely cut at 2 ages, the size of the cut leaf is the same as the body length of a newly-hatched silkworm or a young silkworm, and the leaf is roughly cut at 3 ages (different blocks and different sizes of 5-10 cm). The silkworm is not removed by sand at 1 st, is removed by sleep once at 2 nd, and is grown after being removed once at 3 rd. Disinfecting silkworm body and rearing bed with anti-stiff powder (the mass ratio of lime powder to bleaching powder is 13: 1) before taking out every age, and stopping mulberry with pure lime powder after sleeping.
(2) The silkworm breeding method comprises the following steps: after 3-year-old silkworms are raised according to the silkworm raising method, the method specifically comprises the following steps: the rearing method comprises the steps of (1) keeping the rearing temperature at 25 ℃ for 4 years, keeping the rearing humidity at 75%, and keeping the rearing humidity under good natural light, and windowing and ventilating for 2 times a day; the rearing temperature of 5-year-old silkworms is 24 ℃, the rearing humidity is 70%, the natural light is good, 1-4 days of the 5-year-old silkworms are windowed and ventilated for 4 times every day, and the silkworms in the later period of the 5-year-old silkworms are ventilated normally. Other conditions are conventional.
Control group: the rearing method comprises the steps of (1) keeping the rearing temperature at 26 ℃ for 4-year-old silkworms, keeping the rearing humidity at 80%, and keeping the rearing humidity under good natural light, and windowing and ventilating for 2 times a day; the rearing temperature of 5-year silkworms is 23 ℃, the rearing humidity is 70%, the natural light is good, 1-4 days of 5-year silkworms are windowed and ventilated for 4 times every day, and the late stage of 5-year silkworms are ventilated normally.
1.5 results and analysis
1.5.1 results of survey on feeding results
TABLE 12018, 2019 average score questionnaire (Weining) for rearing method of silkworm in spring and silkworm period
As can be seen from Table 1, the cage death rate is 0.09 percentage point lower than that of the control, the whole cocoon weight is 3.46 percent, the cocoon shell weight is 19.44 percent, the cocoon shell rate is 2.54 percentage points higher, the cocoon yield of each seed is 3.98 percent higher, the number of kilogram cocoons is 32 fewer, and the cocoon yield is 5.61 percent higher (each seed is more accepted by 92.9 yuan).
Example 2
Rural breeding test
1.1 varieties for testing
The tested silkworm variety Gui-Yang No. 13 and the control variety Shuangguan No. two.
1.2 test site
Weining county Jindouzhen black nicun, elevation 1700 m
1.3 test time
2018. 2019 silkworm period in summer
1.4 test methods
The tested silkworm varieties are discharged from the warehouse in a unified way, the natural temperature and the natural humidity in summer are adopted to promote the green growth in a unified way, the green growth chamber is supplemented with more than 80% moisture in the day of harvesting the ants, and the harvested ants and the young silkworms are bred in a unified way. An ant amount of 2g per foil was distributed to each tester one day after co-breeding to a diet at 3 rd age. The technical level is selected by the experimenter, the mulberry tree planting varieties are consistent, the planting time is consistent, and the facility equipment is relatively consistent for 6 farmers. Feeding the animals at 3 rd instar according to a conventional method, selecting 3 families from the food in the area of 4 th instar as test groups, and feeding the animals at the whole instar by 3 breeding generations every day according to the conventional feeding method, wherein the feeding method is adopted for the test groups, and the other 3 families are used as control groups. In order to improve the data accuracy, cocooning is carried out 6 days after cocooning of silkworms, 3 samples are randomly extracted from a batch of concentrated cocoons on 7 days, each sample is 3 kg, 9 kg of silkworm cocoons are fully mixed and then extracted 3 samples, each sample is 1kg of silkworm cocoon to serve as a survey sample cocoon, and finally the average result of 3 households in a comprehensive test and control group is the final result. Full-term survey items: the cage-dead rate, the total cocoon weight, the cocoon shell rate, the first-grade cocoon rate (the first-grade cocoon is determined according to the standard of purchasing of local silkworm industry companies), the cocoon yield of a single species and the grain number of kilograms of cocoons. The results of the control group were investigated in the same manner as in the test group.
(3) The breeding method comprises the following steps: all the test and control varieties are bred together, the breeding operation is carried out according to the breeding method of the small silkworms at the point (1) in the 'breeding method' of the example 1, and the breeding point is at the professional breeding point of Jindouzhen black nicun, Weining county. The method for breeding the big silkworms comprises the following steps: the rearing method comprises the steps of (1) keeping the rearing temperature at 25 ℃ for 4 years, keeping the rearing humidity at 75%, and keeping the rearing humidity under good natural light, and windowing and ventilating for 2 times a day; the rearing temperature of 5-year silkworms is 23 ℃, the rearing humidity is 70%, the natural light is good, 1-4 days of 5-year silkworms are windowed and ventilated for 4 times every day, and the late stage of 5-year silkworms are ventilated normally. Other conditions are conventional.
Control group: the rearing method comprises the steps of (1) keeping the rearing temperature at 26 ℃ for 4-year-old silkworms, keeping the rearing humidity at 80%, and keeping the rearing humidity under good natural light, and windowing and ventilating for 2 times a day; the rearing temperature of 5-year silkworms is 23 ℃, the rearing humidity is 70%, the natural light is good, 1-4 days of 5-year silkworms are windowed and ventilated for 4 times every day, and the late stage of 5-year silkworms are ventilated normally.
1.5 results and analysis
1.5.1 results of survey on feeding results
TABLE 22018, 2019 average score questionnaire (Weining) for rearing method of silkworm in summer and silkworm period
As can be seen from Table 2, the test group has a lower cage death rate of 0.083 percentage points, a high full cocoon content of 0.56%, a high cocoon shell content of 6.19%, a high cocoon shell content of 5.74 percentage points, a high cocoon yield of 1.94% by one species, a low cocoon weight of 8 grains by one kilogram, and a high cocoon yield of 1.94% (the most of the cocoon is received in 33.2 Yuan).
Example 3
Rural breeding test
1.1 varieties for testing
The tested silkworm variety Gui-Yang No. 13 and the control variety Shuangguan No. two.
1.2 test site
Weining county Jindouzhen black nicun, elevation 1700 m
1.3 test time
2018. 2019 autumn rearing period
1.4 test methods
The tested silkworm varieties are discharged from the warehouse in a unified way, and the two-stage type green-forcing method in autumn is adopted to promote the green, collect the ants and breed the young silkworms in a unified way at the co-breeding point. An ant amount of 2g per foil was distributed to each tester one day after co-breeding to a diet at 3 rd age. The technical level is selected by the experimenter, the mulberry tree planting varieties are consistent, the planting time is consistent, and the facility equipment is relatively consistent for 6 farmers. Feeding the animals at 3 rd instar according to a conventional method, selecting 3 families from the food in the area of 4 th instar as test groups, and feeding the animals at the whole instar by 3 breeding generations every day according to the conventional feeding method, wherein the feeding method is adopted for the test groups, and the other 3 families are used as control groups. In order to improve the data accuracy, cocooning is carried out 6 days after cocooning of silkworms, 3 samples are randomly extracted from a batch of concentrated cocoons on 7 days, each sample is 3 kg, 9 kg of silkworm cocoons are fully mixed and then extracted 3 samples, each sample is 1kg of silkworm cocoon to serve as a survey sample cocoon, and finally the average result of 3 households in a comprehensive test and control group is the final result. Full-term survey items: the cage-dead rate, the total cocoon weight, the cocoon shell rate, the first-grade cocoon rate (the first-grade cocoon is determined according to the standard of purchasing of local silkworm industry companies), the cocoon yield of a single species and the grain number of kilograms of cocoons. The results of the control group were investigated in the same manner as in the test group.
(4) The breeding method comprises the following steps: all the test and control varieties were bred together, and the breeding operation was carried out by the method of breeding together young silkworms at the point (1) in the "rearing method" in example 1, and the breeding was carried out at the point of breeding together in the major Jing Tokyo Black nicun, Weining county. The method for breeding the big silkworms comprises the following steps: the rearing method comprises the steps of (1) keeping the rearing temperature at 26 ℃ and the rearing humidity at 75% for 4-year-old silkworms with good natural light, and windowing and ventilating for 2 times a day; silkworm of 5 years old is bred at 25 deg.C and 70% humidity, and has good natural light, and is ventilated for 4 times in 1-4 days of 5 years old, and in the later stage of 5 years old. Other conditions are conventional.
Control group: the rearing method comprises the steps of (1) keeping the silkworm age at 4 years, raising at the temperature of 27 ℃, raising at the humidity of 80%, and performing natural light ventilation for 2 times in a windowing manner one day; the rearing temperature of 5-year silkworms is 26 ℃, the rearing humidity is 80%, the natural light is good, 1 st to 4 th days of the 5-year silkworms are windowed and ventilated for 4 times every day, and the silkworms in the later period of the 5-year silkworms are ventilated normally.
1.5 results and analysis
1.5.1 results of survey on feeding results
TABLE 32018, 2019 average score questionnaire (Weining) for rearing method of different silkworm in autumn and rearing period
As can be seen from Table 3, the test group has a lower cage death rate of 0.1 percentage point, a high full cocoon content of 4.55%, a high cocoon shell content of 6.67%, a high cocoon shell content of 1.19 percentage points, a high cocoon yield of 1.63% by one species, a low kilogram cocoon particle number of 24 particles, and a high cocoon yield of 3.86% by one species (the most of the species is received in 65.3 yuan).
According to the embodiment and the comparative example, the silkworm breeding method provided by the invention has the advantages of regular silkworm growth, regular aging, less sick silkworms and high cocoon yield.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A silkworm rearing method for silkworm with blood-type pyosis resistance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) when the silkworm grows to 4 years old, raising the silkworm at the temperature of 25-26 ℃ and the environmental humidity of 70-80%;
2) after the silkworm grows to 5 years old, raising the silkworm at the temperature of 23-25 ℃ and the ambient humidity of 65-75%.
2. The rearing method of silkworms according to claim 1, wherein the rearing in step 1) is performed under natural light.
3. The method for rearing a silkworm according to claim 1, wherein the silkworms in step 1) are ventilated 1 to 3 times a day during rearing after being grown for 4 years.
4. The method for rearing a silkworm according to claim 1, wherein the silkworms in step 1) are ventilated 3 to 5 times per day from day 1 to day 4 in the rearing process after being grown to 5 years, and are ventilated 4 to 6 times per day in the later stage of 5 years.
5. The rearing method of silkworms according to claim 1, wherein the rearing in step 2) is carried out under natural light.
6. The rearing method of silkworms according to claim 1, wherein the rearing in step 1) is carried out by feeding mulberry leaves whose criteria include: dark green leaves of three eyes or dark green leaves below the 8-leaf position.
7. The method of feeding silkworms according to claim 1, wherein the mulberry leaves are fed in the course of the feeding in step 2), and after 5 years, the mulberry leaves are fed in the form of mulberries, and the mulberry leaf leaves are fed in the later 5 years.
8. The rearing method of a silkworm according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6) or the step 7), before the last mulberry leaf feeding, the silkworm or the mature silkworm is sterilized with an anti-stiff powder.
9. The silkworm rearing method according to claim 8, wherein the anti-stiff powder comprises lime powder and bleaching powder, and the mass ratio of the lime powder to the bleaching powder is 7-9: 1.
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| CN105875522A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-08-24 | 云阳县鑫旺蚕桑专业合作社 | Silkworm breeding technology |
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| CN105875522A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-08-24 | 云阳县鑫旺蚕桑专业合作社 | Silkworm breeding technology |
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