CN113057263A

CN113057263A - Feed for ecological cycle breeding of geese, breeding method and breeding workshop

Info

Publication number: CN113057263A
Application number: CN202110488595.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 于红林; 刘丽
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-05-06
Filing date: 2021-05-06
Publication date: 2021-07-02

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of poultry breeding, and particularly relates to a feed for ecological cycle breeding of geese, a breeding method and a breeding workshop, wherein the feed comprises powder and auxiliary materials in percentage by mass: 15-70% of auxiliary materials and 30-85% of powder; the powder material comprises leaf powder, grass powder or straw powder; the auxiliary materials comprise corn, bean pulp, peanut cake and beet pulp or bagasse or mushroom dreg or pomace, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 77-83% of corn, 7-13% of soybean meal, 7-13% of peanut cake and 7-13% of beet pulp or bagasse or mushroom dreg or fruit dreg; the particle diameter of the pellet feed is 2.5-4.0 mm. The invention solves the problem that green ecological breeding cannot be realized in the existing goose breeding production.

Description

Feed for ecological cycle breeding of geese, breeding method and breeding workshop

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of poultry breeding, and particularly relates to a feed for ecological cycle breeding of geese, a breeding method and a breeding workshop.

Background

With the progress of the country and the rapid development of economy, a large amount of trees and grass are planted in various regions, so that the environment is improved, the cells are beautified, and people enjoy beautiful life; meanwhile, a large amount of leaves and hay are produced in the leaf falling season every year, and a large amount of field straws are needed to be processed by relevant departments, so that the urban operation cost is increased, and the environmental protection difficulty is increased. If the leaves, the hay and the straws are processed into the feed, the industrial breeding technology is utilized to replace the traditional breeding method to breed the meat geese, the supply market target of changing the goose meat with the leaves, the hay and the straws is realized according to the month marketing, and the marketing activities are convenient; and the organic fertilizer after the goose manure fermentation treatment is used as a fertilizer for agricultural planting, greening and flower and grass planting to form a regional ecological cycle culture system.

The goose breeding amount of China is estimated to be about 90% of the total amount of the world, the goose breeding amount occupies an absolute position, but the industrialization degree is far from reaching the modernization standard. The traditional farmers generally adopt a single breeding mode, and breed the geese in an independent goose farm according to the climatic conditions, so that the mode has low efficiency in goose breeding and is difficult to obtain ideal economic value. In addition, the artificial feed often contains chemical additives, which may remain in the goose body, thus bringing potential food safety risks invisibly and being contrary to the development direction of green ecology. For commercial meat goose breeding enterprises, in order to promote geese and gain weight rapidly to improve economic benefits, the fat and protein contents are higher, so that the meat geese have high fat contents, and modern people generally do not like to eat too fat geese due to the increase of the 'three-high' population and the abundant supply of meat and egg foods. In addition, geese are omnivorous poultry and eat a part of leaves and grass, but most of the leaves and hay are not in the recipe of geese due to taste and indigestion.

In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a feed for ecological cycle breeding of geese, which solves the problem that green ecological breeding cannot be realized in the existing goose breeding production.

In order to achieve the purpose, the feed for the ecological cycle breeding of the geese, provided by the invention, is a pellet feed, comprises powder and auxiliary materials, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15-70% of auxiliary materials and 30-85% of powder; the powder material comprises leaf powder, grass powder or straw powder; the auxiliary materials comprise corn, bean pulp, peanut cake and beet pulp or bagasse or mushroom dreg or pomace, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 77-83% of corn, 7-13% of soybean meal, 7-13% of peanut cake and 7-13% of beet pulp or bagasse or mushroom dreg or fruit dreg; the particle diameter of the pellet feed is 2.5-4.0 mm.

Furthermore, the leaves, hay or straws are dried and then pulverized by a pulverizer to prepare powder with the particle size of less than 3 mm.

Furthermore, the auxiliary materials are added into the powder material and are uniformly stirred to prepare the pellet feed.

Further, the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 70% of corn, 10% of soybean meal, 10% of peanut cake and 10% of beet pulp or bagasse or mushroom dreg or fruit dreg.

Furthermore, for 1-10 days old goslings, the feed T1-1 is adopted: the particle diameter is 2.5mm, and the mass percentage is as follows: 50-60% of auxiliary materials and 40-50% of powder;

for the goslings of 11-20 days old, adopting T1-2 feed: the particle diameter is 2.5mm, and the mass percentage is as follows: 45-55% of auxiliary materials and 45-55% of powder;

for the goslings of 21-30 days old, adopting T1-3 feed: the particle diameter is 2.5mm, and the mass percentage is as follows: 40-50% of auxiliary materials and 50-60% of powder;

for the 31-40-day-old goslings, adopting T2-1 feed: the particle diameter is 3.0mm, and the mass percentage is as follows: 20-30% of auxiliary materials and 70-80% of powder;

for the 41-50-day-old goslings, adopting T2-2 feed: the particle diameter is 3.0mm, and the mass percentage is as follows: 15-20% of auxiliary materials and 80-85% of powder;

for the goslings of 51-60 days old, adopting T2-3 feed: the particle diameter is 3.0mm, and the mass percentage is as follows: 10-15% of auxiliary materials and 85-90% of powder;

for fattening meat geese aged 61-70 days, the feed is prepared from T3-1: the particle diameter is 4.0mm, and the mass percentage is as follows: 40-50% of auxiliary materials and 50-60% of powder;

for fattening meat geese aged 71-75 days, adopting T3-2 feed: the particle diameter is 4.0mm, and the mass percentage is as follows: 60-70% of auxiliary materials and 30-40% of powder.

The invention also provides a breeding method using the feed for the ecological cycle breeding of the geese, the feed for the ecological cycle breeding of the geese is divided into eight kinds of three sections, and the geese are respectively fed according to the growth rule of the geese:

segment T1: used in the brooding stage of young goose, and is divided into three kinds of feed formulas of T1-1, T1-2 and T1-3;

segment T2: used in the growth stage of the gosling, the feed is divided into three formula feeds of T2-1, T2-2 and T2-3;

segment T3: the feed is used for the fattening stage of the gosling and is divided into two types of formula feeds T3-1 and T3-2.

Further, feeding 1-10-day-old goslings with a feed adopting a T1-1 formula feed;

the feed of the 11 th-20 th-day-old gosling is fed by adopting a T1-2 formula feed;

feeding goslings of 21-30 days old with the feed by adopting a T1-3 formula feed;

feeding the 31-40-day-old goslings with the feed adopting a T2-1 formula feed;

feeding goslings of 41-50 days old with the feed by adopting a T2-2 formula feed;

feeding the goslings of 51-60 days old with the feed by adopting a T2-3 formula feed;

feeding 61-70 days old fattening meat geese with the feed adopting a T3-1 formula feed;

the feed of the fattening meat geese aged 71-75 days is fed by a T3-2 formula feed.

The invention also provides a breeding workshop using the breeding method, which comprises a feed manufacturing workshop, a breeding management and guarantee workshop, a gosling breeding workshop and a goose manure processing workshop;

the feed production workshop is used for producing the feed for the ecological cycle breeding of the gooses in any one of claims 1-6, and comprises a leaf straw recycling area, a leaf straw preparation room, a crushing room and a feed particle production room;

the system comprises a breeding management support workshop, a management system and a management system, wherein the breeding management support workshop is used for preparing feeds by workers, managing the whole breeding plant and automatically managing the feeds for 7 days;

a gosling breeding workshop, which is used for unmanned automatic breeding of goslings and comprises an unmanned automatic breeding area.

The goose manure processing workshop is used for processing goose manure into organic fertilizer and then planting the organic fertilizer in agriculture, trees and flowers and plants, and comprises a goose manure collecting room, a goose manure treating room, a fertilizer crushing room, a fertilizer packaging room and a fertilizer storage room.

Further, the goose raising plant comprises a plurality of raising small sheds for enabling farmers to purchase the feed for the ecological cycle raising of the geese according to any one of claims 1 to 6 for raising the geese.

The feed for the ecological cycle breeding of the gooses provided by the invention utilizes the leaves, the grass, the straws and the like in cities and regions to develop an ecological cycle breeding system combining the leaves (the grass and the straws) and the breeding, brings the feed sources, the breeding workshops and the excrement treatment of the gooses into natural ecological cycle, reduces the breeding cost, improves the breeding efficiency, and realizes the aims of ecological cycle utilization and green breeding.

The tree leaves have certain nutrient components, and the protein content of the tree leaves is more than 20 percent, so the tree leaves are a good feed source of protein and vitamin for livestock and poultry. China has abundant tree resources, wherein branches and leaves of more than 100 kinds of trees such as coniferous trees, broad leaf trees, shrubs and the like can be used for feeding livestock and poultry, such as apple leaves, peach leaves, apricot leaves, mulberry leaves, elm leaves, locust leaves, maple leaves and the like. According to data statistics, hundreds of millions of tons of leaf feed can be produced in China every year, so that the development and utilization of the feed source have certain significance. The invention makes the leaves, the hay and the straws into powder and mixes the powder with the auxiliary materials containing protein, grease and sugar and the salt to form the pellet feed, solves the problems of difficult digestion and taste of the leaves, the hay and the like, and adjusts the feed according to different growth stages of goose culture, so that most of the leaves, the hay and the like can be used as the feed. The method can convert fallen leaves into 6 million green low-fat goose meat and can be realized in a breeding workshop of more than 300 square meters.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments in order to make the technical field better understand the scheme of the present invention.

A feed for ecological circulation breeding of goose comprises powder and adjuvant. Wherein the powder material comprises leaf powder, grass powder or straw powder; the auxiliary materials comprise corn, bean pulp, peanut cake and beet pulp, bagasse, mushroom dreg and fruit dreg,

the preparation method of the feed for the ecological cycle breeding of the geese comprises the following steps: 1. drying leaves, hay or straws, and then crushing by a crusher to prepare powder with the particle size of less than 3 mm; 2. adding auxiliary materials in a certain proportion into the powder, and uniformly stirring to prepare the granulated feed for feeding geese.

The feed for the ecological cycle breeding of the geese is a pellet feed, the diameter of the pellet is 2.5-3.5mm, and the feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15-70% of auxiliary materials and 30-85% of powder.

The auxiliary materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 77-83% of corn, 7-13% of soybean meal, 7-13% of peanut cake and 7-13% of beet pulp or bagasse or mushroom dreg or fruit dreg; preferably, the corn is 70%, the soybean meal is 10%, the peanut cake is 10%, and the beet pulp or bagasse or mushroom dreg or pomace is 10%.

The pellet feed is divided into eight kinds of three sections, and the eight kinds of pellet feed are respectively fed according to the growth rule of geese; the requirements of the special granulated feed for geese are as follows:

segment T1: used in the brooding stage of young goose, and is divided into three types of T1-1, T1-2 and T1-3;

segment T2: used in the growth stage of the gosling, the goose is divided into three types of T2-1, T2-2 and T2-3;

segment T3: the feed is used for the fattening stage of the gosling and is divided into two types of T3-1 and T3-2.

In the three-stage eight feeds, the proportion and the particle diameter range of powder materials (leaf powder, grass powder or straw powder) and auxiliary materials (corn, bean pulp, peanut cake and beet pulp, bagasse, bacterial slag and fruit slag) are as follows:

segment T1-1: the diameter of the particles is 2.5 mm; the mixture ratio is as follows by mass percent: 50-60% of auxiliary materials and 40-50% of powder;

segment T1-2: the diameter of the particles is 2.5 mm; the mixture ratio is as follows by mass percent: 45-55% of auxiliary materials and 45-55% of powder;

paragraph T1-3: the diameter of the particles is 2.5 mm; the mixture ratio is as follows by mass percent: 40-50% of auxiliary materials and 50-60% of powder;

segment T2-1: the diameter of the particles is 3.0 mm; the mixture ratio is as follows by mass percent: 20-30% of auxiliary materials and 70-80% of powder materials

Segment T2-2: the diameter of the particles is 3.0 mm; the mixture ratio is as follows by mass percent: 15-20% of auxiliary materials and 80-85% of powder;

paragraph T2-3: the diameter of the particles is 3.0 mm; the mixture ratio is as follows by mass percent: 10-15% of auxiliary materials and 85-90% of powder;

segment T3-1: the particle diameter is 4.0 mm; the mixture ratio is as follows by mass percent: 40-50% of auxiliary materials and 50-60% of powder;

segment T3-2: the particle diameter is 4.0 mm; the mixture ratio is as follows by mass percent: 60-70% of auxiliary materials and 30-40% of powder;

when the feed is prepared, salt can be added into the feed, and the salt is required by normal poultry to account for 0.3-0.4 percent of the mass of the feed.

The breeding process of the meat geese by using the feed for ecological cycle breeding of the geese comprises the following steps:

1. culture workshop and facility requirements

Scheme 1: unmanned automatic breeding mode

The unmanned automatic breeding plant comprises a feed manufacturing workshop, a breeding management and guarantee workshop, a gosling breeding workshop and a goose manure processing workshop.

The feed production workshop is used for producing the feed for the ecological cycle breeding of the gooses, and comprises a leaf straw recycling area, a leaf straw preparation room (drying, briquetting and batching), a crushing room and a feed particle production room.

The cultivation management and guarantee workshop is used for preparing the feed by workers, managing the whole cultivation factory and automatically managing the feed for 7 days and comprises a control room, a preparation room, an equipment room, a feed warehouse (automatically managing the feed for 7 days), a waiting area and an office area.

The gosling breeding workshop is used for unmanned automatic breeding of goslings and comprises an unmanned automatic breeding area and can accommodate 100 or 200 sets of breeding cages, 720 goslings are bred in each set of breeding cages every year, 6000 or 12000 goslings are produced in a hurdle every month, and 7.2 or 14.4 million new-born goslings are produced every year.

Scheme 2: small-scale poultry breeding shed mode

Changing a gosling breeding workshop into a breeding shed in the first scheme allows farmers to purchase the feed for ecological cycle breeding of the gooses for feeding and breeding.

2. Goose species selection

The excellent goose varieties in China are classified according to weight, and the excellent goose varieties belong to small-sized varieties such as Taihu geese, seed geese, open-eye geese, black bristle geese, five-dragon geese and the like; medium-sized varieties include Sanhua goose, Taizhou goose, Shupu goose, Wanxi white goose, Zhedong white goose, Sichuan white goose, goose and the like; large-scale breed is lion head goose.

The goose has less diseases, fast growth and development and rough eating resistance, and is the poultry most suitable for severe environment. The five-dragon goose, the three-flower goose and the Wanxi goose are suitable for cage culture, wherein the five-dragon goose is small in body shape, delicate and compact in physique, clean and white in feather of the whole body and close to the whole body, the head is square and medium in size, fleshy tumor with smooth surface is grown in the front of the forehead, the mouth is flat and wide, the neck is slender and arched, the body is egg-shaped, the back is flat and wide, the chest is full and prominent, the front body is tall and elevated, the legs and the feet are thick and strong, and the five-dragon goose, the three-; the five-dragon goose has the advantages of high egg yield, strong adaptability, strong coarse feed resistance, extremely low feed cost (mainly coarse feed), high growth speed, average weight of 5-6 jin at the age of 60 days and 4-5 jin after slaughtering.

3. Feeding process

In order to facilitate feeding management, the goose is divided into three growth and development stages, namely a gosling, a gosling and a fattening goose according to the physiological characteristics of the goose at each growth and development stage.

And (3) brooding stage: the gosling is a young goose which is hatched from shells to 4 weeks old. The geese in the growth and development stage have small individuals, small digestive tract volume, weak digestion capability, thin villi, poor body temperature regulation capability, poor cold and heat resistance, poor resistance capability, poor sanitary management and easy disease death. The young goose growth and development stage is the physiological stage with the weakest viability in the life of the goose, and is also the key stage of the success or failure of goose raising.

Feeding 1-10 days old goslings with the feed adopting a T1-1 formula feed; the auxiliary material has large proportion, and is beneficial to goose seedling digestion.

The feed of the 11 th-20 th-day-old gosling is fed by adopting a T1-2 formula feed; slightly reducing auxiliary materials and slightly increasing powder materials to guide the goose seedlings to adapt to the powder materials gradually.

Feeding goslings of 21-30 days old with the feed by adopting a T1-3 formula feed; the specific gravity of the powder is continuously increased to promote the goose seedling to adapt.

A farmer using the poultry breeding shed divides 70 goose seedlings into two groups according to the size, each group comprises 35 goose seedlings, the two groups are respectively placed in an area A and an area B of a brooding layer of the poultry breeding shed, and a control center controls the temperature of the brooding layer in real time through a broadband.

And (3) a gosling stage: the young goose is also called as middle goose and young goose, and is a goose from 31 days old to 60 days old. The young geese after 30 days of age have strong digestion capacity and are the fastest growing stages of bones, muscles and feathers in the life of the geese. After the feeding, 50-60-day-old goslings have basically full feather and certain fat degree, the weight is different according to varieties, the weight of small-sized geese reaches 5-6 jin, the weight of medium-sized geese reaches 6-7 jin, the weight of large-sized geese reaches 9-10 jin, the low-fat meat value is achieved, and the goose can be used as a low-fat gosling to be sold on market.

Feeding the 31-40-day-old goslings with the feed adopting a T2-1 formula feed; the specific gravity of the powder is increased, the daily feed amount is increased, and the requirement of rapid growth of medium-sized geese is met.

Feeding goslings of 41-50 days old with the feed by adopting a T2-2 formula feed; the specific gravity of the powder is continuously increased, the daily feed amount is increased, and the requirement of rapid growth of medium-sized geese is met.

Feeding the goslings of 51-60 days old with the feed by adopting a T2-3 formula feed; the feed is mainly made of powder, the daily feed amount is increased, and the requirement of rapid growth of the gosling is met.

Farmers who adopt the poultry cultivation shed divide the unremoved 30-day-old goslings into 6 groups according to the size, the male and the female, and the groups are respectively placed in the A area and the B area of the cultivation layer, and the order is arranged according to the principle that the big goslings are arranged from the bottom to the small goslings are arranged from the top.

And (3) fattening meat geese: the fattening broiler geese are normal broiler geese which are bred and marketed after the fat proportion of 60-day-old broiler geese is improved through short-term fattening for 10-15 days.

Feeding 61-70 days old fattening meat geese with the feed adopting a T3-1 formula feed; the specific gravity of auxiliary materials is increased, the daily feed amount is increased, and the standard goose fat amount is improved.

Feeding fattening meat geese aged 71-75 days with the feed adopting a T3-2 formula feed; the specific gravity of the auxiliary materials is improved, the daily feed amount is kept, and the fat content of the goose is further improved.

Marketing time: the goose is out of the market in 60 days and is called low-fat goose; the goose is sold after 70 days and is called standard goose; and (5) marketing in 75 days, namely, the goose is called the fragrant goose.

The inventive concept is explained in detail herein using specific examples, which are given only to aid in understanding the core concepts of the invention. It should be understood that any obvious modifications, equivalents and other improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The feed for the ecological cycle breeding of the geese is a pellet feed and is characterized by comprising powder and auxiliary materials in percentage by mass: 15-70% of auxiliary materials and 30-85% of powder; the powder material comprises leaf powder, grass powder or straw powder; the auxiliary materials comprise corn, bean pulp, peanut cake and beet pulp or bagasse or mushroom dreg or pomace, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 77-83% of corn, 7-13% of soybean meal, 7-13% of peanut cake and 7-13% of beet pulp or bagasse or mushroom dreg or fruit dreg; the particle diameter of the pellet feed is 2.5-4.0 mm.

2. The feed for the ecological cycle breeding of geese according to claim 1, wherein the leaves, hay or straw are dried and then pulverized by a pulverizer to form powder of 3mm or less.

3. The feed for the ecological cycle breeding of the geese according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary materials are added into the powder materials, and the mixture is stirred uniformly to prepare a pellet feed.

4. The feed for the ecological cycle breeding of the geese according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 70% of corn, 10% of soybean meal, 10% of peanut cake and 10% of beet pulp or bagasse or mushroom dreg or fruit dreg.

5. The feed for the ecological cycle breeding of geese according to claim 1, wherein for 1-10 days old goslings, T1-1 feed is adopted: the particle diameter is 2.5mm, and the mass percentage is as follows: 50-60% of auxiliary materials and 40-50% of powder;

6. A breeding method using the feed for the ecological cycle breeding of the geese, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, is characterized in that the feed for the ecological cycle breeding of the geese is used for breeding the geese, the geese are divided into three sections of eight types, and according to the growth rule of the geese, the feed is respectively used for feeding:

7. The farming method of claim 6,

feeding 1-10 days old goslings with the feed adopting a T1-1 formula feed;

feeding the 31-40-day-old goslings with the feed adopting a T2-1 formula feed;

8. A breeding plant using the breeding method according to any one of claims 6 to 7, characterized by comprising a feed preparation plant, a breeding management support plant, a gosling breeding plant and a goose dung processing plant;

9. The plant according to claim 8, characterized in that the goose farming plant comprises a plurality of farming sheds for enabling farmers to purchase the feed for the ecological cycle farming of geese according to any one of claims 1-6 for the farming of geese.