CN111528029A - Method for preventing and removing broadleaf weeds in cotton field by applying pesticide through drip irrigation system - Google Patents
Method for preventing and removing broadleaf weeds in cotton field by applying pesticide through drip irrigation system Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
- A01G25/023—Dispensing fittings for drip irrigation, e.g. drippers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/84—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms six-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,4
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and removing broadleaf weeds in a cotton field by applying a drip irrigation system, and relates to the technical field of agricultural weeding. The method comprises the following steps: dispensing, drip irrigation with clear water, applying the drug with water, and flushing the drip irrigation system. The method utilizes the drip irrigation system to finally apply the flumioxazin along with water drops through pipelines at all levels and soil around the cotton root, can conveniently and effectively prevent and kill weeds around the cotton root, seals and kills annual broad leaf weeds such as black nightshade, chenopodium glaucum, chenopodium quinoa and the like, has quick action, is safe to cotton growth and is environment-friendly, can be used as a supplement means after the soil is sealed and treated before cotton sowing, effectively prevents and controls weeds in the whole growth period of cotton, reduces the related cost of labor, machinery and the like, is economic, simple, convenient, effective and safe, and is beneficial to improving the quality and enhancing the efficiency of mechanical cotton picking.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural weeding, in particular to a method for preventing and removing broadleaf weeds in a cotton field by applying a drip irrigation system.
Background
Xinjiang is a high-quality cotton production base in China, the development of mechanical cotton picking is a necessary way for promoting the agricultural modernization of Xinjiang and coping with the international market challenge, the cotton picking rate of Xinjiang in 2019 is over 42 percent, the cotton picking rate of a main cotton area in northern Xinjiang exceeds 90 percent, and the spreading hazard of broad-leaf weed solanum nigrum in the cotton field in recent years brings obstacles to the improvement and the efficiency increase of mechanical cotton picking. The solanum nigrum has the characteristics of vigorous growth, strong fertility, short growth period (2-3 crops in one year), continuity, multiple solidity, seed falling property and the like, one solanum nigrum can generate tens of thousands of seeds in the first autumn, the seeds harm the cotton in the whole growth period, the water, nutrients and space are strived for with the cotton in the early middle period, the cotton plants are influenced to grow, the number of bolls is reduced, the weight of the bolls is reduced, and the green leaves are remained in the period of harvesting the cotton due to the fact that the subarchine shrub-shaped weeds are relatively large in the later period, the purple berries are hung, chlorophyll of the weed leaves and the purple fruit pulp severely pollute the cotton in the mechanical cotton harvesting process, and the quality and the grade of the cotton are reduced.
In Xinjiang, the weeds in cotton fields are mainly removed by sealing the soil before cotton sowing, but most of soil treatment agents such as pendimethalin, prometryn, oxyfluorfen and the like are limited by the performance of herbicides, and the effect of preventing and removing the solanum nigrum is not ideal or the lasting period is insufficient and is only 40-50 days. In the Xinjiang climate, drought and rain are less, the evaporation capacity is large, the crop growth needs drip irrigation in the whole growth period, the drip irrigation technology under the film is widely applied to cotton production, and under the drip irrigation mode, with the rising of the air temperature and the ending of the pesticide effect of the herbicide before sowing, the solanum nigrum and other weeds continuously germinate and are massively generated after the water drops in the cotton field. Because the water fertilizer is uniformly and accurately conveyed to the root area of the cotton through a drip irrigation pipeline system, weeds also germinate and accompany around cotton holes, the risk of using the sterilant herbicide glyphosate is too high, and the like, but the prior herbicide for safely and effectively preventing and killing broadleaf weeds is lack, so that the postemergence weed control is difficult. The weeding of the weeds mainly comprises artificial weeding, the cost is high, the average amount of the weeding is 150 yuan per mu, the efficiency is low, and the effect is poor (the weeding is not easy to remove along with cotton and the root depth).
The water and pesticide integration is a new agricultural technology integrating drip irrigation and pesticide application, the core of the technology is that a pressure drip irrigation system is used to ensure that a pesticide is uniformly and accurately delivered to the rhizosphere of crops on time along with drip irrigation water so as to fulfill the aim of preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds, and the research on the aspect of preventing and killing weeds in the fields is relatively less in the prior art. In addition, although there have been studies on the application of s-metolachlor to Xinjiang cotton fields (cotton fields with annual broadleaf weeds such as black nightshade, chenopodium glaucum and chenopodium quinoa as dominant species) with water droplets, the control effect is not satisfactory, and 960g/L of s-metolachlor EC 1440g a.i./hm is not satisfactory2The control effect is less than 25% 7 days after the drug is applied, and the control effect is less than 35% 25 days after the drug is applied.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the technicians in the field is how to control the weeds in the field in the growing period of cotton, especially the broadleaf weeds such as black nightshade, chenopodium glaucum and chenopodium album.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for controlling weeds in cotton fields by applying a drip irrigation system. The method combines drip irrigation and water-medicine integrated management, the herbicide is dissolved in water, the herbicide is conveyed to the field by virtue of a pipeline, the herbicide is applied by a capillary (namely a drip irrigation pipe/belt) laid under a mulching film, and the herbicide is uniformly and accurately conveyed to soil near the roots of cotton along with drip irrigation water to fulfill the aim of preventing and controlling weeds (the weeds after seedling generally grow near cotton seed holes and sowing rows and are just the areas wetted by the drip irrigation water).
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preventing and killing broad-leaved weeds in cotton fields by applying a drip irrigation system with water comprises the following steps:
(S1) dispensing: after 4 true leaves of cotton grow, the flumioxazin is added according to the proportion of 30-75 g a.i./hm2The dosage is prepared by adopting a secondary dilution method, and is uniformly stirred for standby;
(S2) drip irrigation with clear water: ensuring that the soil of the sowing row and the soil at the two sides near the earth surface are wetted by 1-10 cm, and using water of 150-250 m3/hm2；
(S3) application with water: after the step (S2) is finished, placing the herbicide prepared in the step (S1) in a fertilizing/pesticide applying device, and uniformly applying the herbicide in a dropwise manner to the field soil along with water for 45-60 min;
(S4) flushing the drip irrigation system, after the step (S3) is finished, continuously dripping clear water to flush the drip irrigation system for 20-30 min, wherein the water consumption is 30-50 m3/hm2。
The field control effect is directly influenced by the distribution and migration of the herbicide applied by drip irrigation in the soil, so that the drip irrigation water quantity is increased in a proper amount when the herbicide is applied by drip irrigation, the distribution range of the herbicide in the soil is enlarged, and the uniformity is improved to ensure the optimal application effect.
The density of weeds is moderate, the age of the weeds is small, the dosage of the herbicide is small in sandy land; the density of weeds is high, the age of weeds is large, the amount of the herbicide is large on 10 leaves, the amount of loam and clay soil is large, and the dosage of the herbicide is proper.
The flumioxazin is applied with water drops, has better killing effect on annual broadleaf weeds such as early-stage unearthed nightshade, chenopodium glaucum and chenopodium quinoa, and can simultaneously seal the germination of new weeds, and compared with the soil treatment agents such as metolachlor, acetochlor, prometryn, fluridone, trifluralin, pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen which are applied to cotton in the prior art, the flumioxazin has the advantages of high activity, less unit dosage, quick action, environmental friendliness (low water solubility, quick degradation and low application amount ensure environmental safety, no pollution to underground water, no influence on next crops), moderate duration and safety to cotton, can be used as a remedial measure after the weed control failure of soil sealing treatment before sowing, kills unearthed weeds, can seal the germination of new weeds, and solves the harm of weeds in the middle and later periods of cotton growth.
Preferably: the drip irrigation system comprises: the filter, the water pump, the fertilizing/pesticide device and the flow pressure regulator are sequentially connected through a main pipe, and the head end of the main pipe is connected with a water source; and a plurality of branch pipes are arranged on the main pipe connected with the outlet end of the flow pressure regulator in parallel, a plurality of capillary pipes are arranged on the branch pipes, and a plurality of dripping holes which are arranged at equal intervals are arranged on one side of each capillary pipe.
Equipment selection, installation and debugging, engineering acceptance and the like meet the requirements of GB/T50485, NY/T2623 and NY/T3243. The pipe network needs to be inspected, and if water leakage or other problems occur, the water leakage or other problems need to be treated in time. The system is tightly controlled to operate at design pressure.
The drip irrigation system not only can select the limited equipment or connection mode, but also can meet the requirements on drip irrigation quantity, drip irrigation effect and safety of other existing drip irrigation systems.
Preferably: the branch pipes are arranged on the ground surface mulching film and are vertical to the cotton planting direction, the length of each branch pipe is less than 60m, and the capillary pipes are arranged under the ground surface mulching film and are parallel to the cotton planting direction.
Preferably: when the cultivation mode is one film six rows, the capillary tubes are arranged in the centers of the narrow row cotton rows; when the cultivation mode is three lines of one film, the capillary tubes are arranged at the positions of 4-6 cm on the right/left sides of the cotton lines.
Preferably: the capillary adopts a labyrinth drip irrigation tape, and the specific laying method comprises the following steps:
when the cultivation mode is one film six-row, the narrow row spacing is 10-12 cm, the wide row spacing is 64-66 cm, and the laying length is 50-70 m;
or the like, or, alternatively,
when the cultivation mode is one film with three lines, the line spacing is 76 cm; the laying length is 50-70 m.
The capillary is a labyrinth drip irrigation pipe/belt which is favorable for promoting the uniform drip irrigation of water flow.
Preferably: the flow rate of the water dripping holes is 2.0-2.6L/h, and the distance between the water dripping holes is 25-30 cm.
Preferably: (S1) before dispensing, the method also comprises the steps of land leveling, soil sealing weeding before sowing, capillary pipe laying, film covering and other drip irrigation system equipment installation.
Preferably: land leveling and closed weeding of soil before sowing: before cotton sowing, proper moisture is applied to soil preparation until the surface soil is loose at 3-4 cm near the ground, the soil is finely crushed without soil blocks with the diameter of more than 2cm, the standard deviation of the surface flatness is less than or equal to 3.5cm, no stubble, sundries and waste mulching films are generated, and proper herbicides are selected for surface spraying and harrowing soil mixing treatment.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the method for preventing and killing weeds in the cotton field by using the drip irrigation system has the technical effects that the flumioxazin is applied along with water drip irrigation by using the drip irrigation system, the herbicide is directly conveyed to the periphery of the root of the cotton, the weeds around the root of the cotton can be conveniently and effectively prevented and killed, annual broadleaf weeds such as black nightshade, chenopodium glaucum and chenopodium quinoa can be sealed and killed, the action is rapid, the method is safe to the growth of the cotton and environment-friendly, the method can be used as a supplementing means after the soil sealing treatment before the cotton is sown, the weeds in the whole growth period of the cotton are effectively prevented and controlled, the related costs of manpower, machinery and the like are reduced, and the method is economical, simple, effective and safe.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a partial schematic view of a drip irrigation system according to the present invention in a one-film six-row cultivation mode.
Fig. 2 is a partial schematic view of the drip irrigation system of the present invention in a one-film three-row cultivation mode.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for preventing and removing broadleaf weeds in a cotton field by applying a drip irrigation system.
In the examples, the single medicine and the equipment such as the capillary (labyrinth drip irrigation pipe/belt) which are not mentioned are purchased from commercial channels, the brand is not limited, and the method, the installation and debugging or the engineering acceptance standard which are not mentioned are the conventional experimental method and the known published standard, and are not described again. In addition, the schematic diagrams of the embodiments 1, 4 and 5 are shown in figure 1, and the schematic diagrams of the embodiments 2 and 3 are shown in figure 2.
Example 1
A method for preventing and killing broad-leaved weeds in cotton fields by applying a drip irrigation system with water comprises the following steps:
(S0) before sowing cotton, properly ploughing soil moisture and soil to 4cm near the ground to loose surface soil, finely crushing the soil without soil blocks with the diameter of more than 2cm, leveling the ground without stubbles, impurities and waste mulching films, selecting proper herbicide to carry out ground surface spraying and harrowing soil mixing treatment, sowing, laying capillary tubes, laminating films and installing other drip irrigation system equipment.
(S1) dispensing: after 4 true leaves of cotton grow, the flumioxazin is added according to the proportion of 60g a.i./hm2The dosage is prepared by adopting a secondary dilution method, and is uniformly stirred for standby;
(S2) drip irrigation with clear water: ensuring that the soil of 10cm near the earth surface at the two sides of the sowing row is wetted and the water consumption is 250m3/hm2；
(S3) application with water: after the step (S2) is finished, the herbicide prepared in the step (S1) is placed in a fertilizing/pesticide applying device, so that the herbicide is uniformly applied to field soil along with water in a dropwise manner for 50 min;
(S4) flushing the drip irrigation system, and after the step (S3) is finished, continuously dripping clear water to flush the drip irrigation system for 30min, wherein the water consumption is 50m3/hm2。
The drip irrigation system comprises: the filter, the water pump, the fertilizing/pesticide device and the flow pressure regulator are sequentially connected through a main pipe, and the head end of the main pipe is connected with a water source; and a plurality of branch pipes are arranged on the main pipe connected with the outlet end of the flow pressure regulator in parallel, a plurality of capillary pipes are arranged on the branch pipes, a plurality of dripping holes which are arranged at equal intervals are arranged on one side of each capillary pipe, the flow of each dripping hole is 2.0L/h, and the interval between the dripping holes is 30 cm.
The branch pipes are arranged on the ground surface mulching film and are perpendicular to the cotton planting direction, the length of each branch pipe is 45m, and the capillary pipes are arranged under the ground surface mulching film and are parallel to the cotton planting direction.
The cultivation mode is that a film is six rows, capillary tubes are arranged in the center of a narrow row cotton row, the narrow row spacing is 10cm, the wide row spacing is 66cm, and the laying length is 50 m.
Example 2
A method for preventing and killing broad-leaved weeds in cotton fields by applying a drip irrigation system with water comprises the following steps:
(S0) before sowing cotton, properly ploughing soil moisture and soil to 4cm near the ground to loose surface soil, finely crushing the soil without soil blocks with the diameter of more than 2cm, leveling the ground without stubbles, impurities and waste mulching films, selecting proper herbicide to carry out ground surface spraying and harrowing soil mixing treatment, sowing, laying capillary tubes, laminating films and installing other drip irrigation system equipment.
(S1) dispensing: after 4 true leaves of cotton grow, flumioxazin is added according to the proportion of 45g a.i./hm2The dosage is prepared by adopting a secondary dilution method, and is uniformly stirred for standby;
(S2) drip irrigation with clear water: ensuring that the soil at the sowing row and the two sides of the sowing row are wetted by 1cm near the earth surface, and the water consumption is 200m3/hm2；
(S3) application with water: after the step (S2) is finished, the herbicide prepared in the step (S1) is placed in a fertilizing/pesticide applying device, so that the herbicide is uniformly applied to field soil along with water in a dropwise manner for 60 min;
(S4) flushing the drip irrigation system, and after the step (S3) is finished, continuously dripping clear water to flush the drip irrigation system for 25min, wherein the water consumption is 30m3/hm2。
The drip irrigation system comprises: the filter, the water pump, the fertilizing/pesticide device and the flow pressure regulator are sequentially connected through a main pipe, and the head end of the main pipe is connected with a water source; and a plurality of branch pipes are arranged on the main pipe connected with the outlet end of the flow pressure regulator in parallel, a plurality of capillary pipes are arranged on the branch pipes, a plurality of dripping holes which are arranged at equal intervals are arranged on one side of each capillary pipe, the flow of each dripping hole is 2.0L/h, and the interval between the dripping holes is 25 cm.
The branch pipes are arranged on the ground surface mulching film and are perpendicular to the cotton planting direction, the length of each branch pipe is 35m, and the capillary pipes are arranged under the ground surface mulching film and are parallel to the cotton planting direction.
The cultivation mode is one film with three lines, the capillary tubes are arranged at the positions 4cm on the right side/left side of the cotton line, and the line spacing is 76 cm; the laying length is 50 m.
Example 3
A method for preventing and killing broad-leaved weeds in cotton fields by applying a drip irrigation system with water comprises the following steps:
(S0) before sowing cotton, properly ploughing soil moisture and soil to 4cm near the ground to loose surface soil, finely crushing the soil without soil blocks with the diameter of more than 2cm, leveling the ground without stubbles, impurities and waste mulching films, selecting proper herbicide to carry out ground surface spraying and harrowing soil mixing treatment, sowing, laying capillary tubes, laminating films and installing other drip irrigation system equipment.
(S1) dispensing: after 4 true leaves of cotton grow, the flumioxazin is added according to the proportion of 60g a.i./hm2The dosage is prepared by adopting a secondary dilution method, and is uniformly stirred for standby;
(S2) drip irrigation with clear water: ensuring that the soil of 8cm near the earth surface at the two sides of the sowing row is wetted and the water consumption is 250m3/hm2；
(S3) application with water: after the step (S2) is finished, the herbicide prepared in the step (S1) is placed in a fertilizing/pesticide applying device, so that the herbicide is uniformly applied to field soil along with water in a dropwise manner for 45 min;
(S4) flushing the drip irrigation system, and after the step (S3) is finished, continuously dripping clear water to flush the drip irrigation system for 30min, wherein the water consumption is 50m3/hm2。
The drip irrigation system comprises: the filter, the water pump, the fertilizing/pesticide device and the flow pressure regulator are sequentially connected through a main pipe, and the head end of the main pipe is connected with a water source; and a plurality of branch pipes are arranged on the main pipe connected with the outlet end of the flow pressure regulator in parallel, a plurality of capillary pipes are arranged on the branch pipes, a plurality of dripping holes which are arranged at equal intervals are arranged on one side of each capillary pipe, the flow of each dripping hole is 2.6L/h, and the interval between the dripping holes is 25 cm.
The branch pipes are arranged on the ground surface mulching film and are perpendicular to the cotton planting direction, the length of each branch pipe is 60m, and the capillary pipes are arranged under the ground surface mulching film and are parallel to the cotton planting direction.
The cultivation mode is one film with three lines, the capillary tubes are arranged at the position 6cm on the right/left side of the cotton line, and the line spacing is 76 cm; the laying length is 70 m.
Example 4
A method for preventing and killing broad-leaved weeds in cotton fields by applying a drip irrigation system with water comprises the following steps:
(S0) before sowing, properly ploughing soil moisture and soil to 3cm near the ground to loose surface soil, finely crushing the soil without soil blocks with the diameter of more than 2cm, leveling the ground, without stubble, sundries and waste mulching films, selecting proper herbicide to perform ground surface spraying and harrowing soil mixing treatment, sowing, laying capillary tubes, laminating films and installing other drip irrigation system equipment.
(S1) dispensing: after 4 true leaves of cotton grow, the flumioxazin is added according to the proportion of 75g a.i./hm2The dosage is prepared by adopting a secondary dilution method, and is uniformly stirred for standby;
(S2) drip irrigation with clear water: ensuring that the soil of 6cm near the earth surface at the two sides of the sowing row is wetted and the water consumption is 180m3/hm2；
(S3) application with water: after the step (S2) is finished, the herbicide prepared in the step (S1) is placed in a fertilizing/pesticide applying device, so that the herbicide is uniformly applied to field soil along with water in a dropwise manner for 60 min;
(S4) flushing the drip irrigation system, and after the step (S3) is finished, continuously dripping clear water to flush the drip irrigation system for 20min, wherein the water consumption is 30m3/hm2。
The drip irrigation system comprises: the filter, the water pump, the fertilizing/pesticide device and the flow pressure regulator are sequentially connected through a main pipe, and the head end of the main pipe is connected with a water source; and a plurality of branch pipes are arranged on the main pipe connected with the outlet end of the flow pressure regulator in parallel, a plurality of capillary pipes are arranged on the branch pipes, a plurality of dripping holes which are arranged at equal intervals are arranged on one side of each capillary pipe, the flow of each dripping hole is 2.4L/h, and the interval between the dripping holes is 25 cm.
The branch pipes are arranged on the ground surface mulching film and are perpendicular to the cotton planting direction, the length of each branch pipe is 50m, and the capillary pipes are arranged under the ground surface mulching film and are parallel to the cotton planting direction.
The cultivation mode is that a film is six rows, capillary tubes are arranged in the center of a narrow row cotton row, the narrow row spacing is 10cm, the wide row spacing is 66cm, and the laying length is 50 m.
Example 5
A method for preventing and killing broad-leaved weeds in cotton fields by applying a drip irrigation system with water comprises the following steps:
(S0) before sowing, properly ploughing soil moisture and soil to 3.5cm near the ground to loose surface soil, finely crushing the soil without soil blocks with the diameter of more than 2cm, leveling the ground, without stubbles, sundries and waste mulching films, selecting proper herbicide to perform ground surface spraying and harrowing soil mixing treatment, sowing, laying capillary pipes, laminating films and installing other drip irrigation system equipment.
(S1) dispensing: after 4 true leaves of cotton grow, the flumioxazin is added according to the proportion of 60g a.i./hm2The dosage is prepared by adopting a secondary dilution method, and is uniformly stirred for standby;
(S2) drip irrigation with clear water: ensuring that the soil of 10cm near the earth surface at the two sides of the sowing row is wetted and the water consumption is 250m3/hm2；
(S3) application with water: after the step (S2) is finished, the herbicide prepared in the step (S1) is placed in a fertilizing/pesticide applying device, so that the herbicide is uniformly applied to field soil along with water in a dropwise manner for 50 min;
(S4) flushing the drip irrigation system, and after the step (S3) is finished, continuously dripping clear water to flush the drip irrigation system for 20min, wherein the water consumption is 40m3/hm2。
The drip irrigation system comprises: the filter, the water pump, the fertilizing/pesticide device and the flow pressure regulator are sequentially connected through a main pipe, and the head end of the main pipe is connected with a water source; and a plurality of branch pipes are arranged on the main pipe connected with the outlet end of the flow pressure regulator in parallel, a plurality of capillary pipes are arranged on the branch pipes, a plurality of dripping holes which are arranged at equal intervals are arranged on one side of each capillary pipe, the flow of each dripping hole is 2.0L/h, and the interval between the dripping holes is 30 cm.
The branch pipes are arranged on the ground surface mulching film and are perpendicular to the cotton planting direction, the length of each branch pipe is 50m, and the capillary pipes are arranged under the ground surface mulching film and are parallel to the cotton planting direction.
The cultivation mode is that a film is six rows, capillary tubes are arranged in the center of a narrow row cotton row, the narrow row spacing is 12 cm, the wide row spacing is 66cm, and the laying length is 70 m.
Comparative experiment 1
In 2019, the drip irrigation application flumioxazin control mulching film-covered cotton field weed test is carried out in 106 th team of soldiers, 106 th team of new lake farm of sixth team and 144 th team of eighth team of New team in Xinjiang,
the procedure of each test group was the same as that of example 1 except that the herbicide was applied to each group and the amount was adjusted.
The test result shows that (see table 1), the flumioxazin is applied by drip irrigation in 30-75 g a.i./hm2The weeding composition is basically safe to the growth of cotton with more than one clover and one heart, has a better killing effect on annual broadleaf weeds such as early-stage unearthed nightshade, chenopodium glaucum and chenopodium quinoa, and can simultaneously seal the germination of new weeds, the control effect is improved along with the increase of the application dosage in the test dosage, the control effect is reduced along with the increase of the age of weeds, and the flatness of a cotton field and the arrangement of a drip irrigation system influence the exertion of the pesticide effect.
TABLE 1 control Effect of drip irrigation herbicide on broad-leaved weeds in Cotton field
Comparative experiment 2
In 2019, a cotton field weed test of applying flumioxazin to prevent and kill mulching films by drip irrigation is carried out on a certain part of a war group produced and constructed in Xinjiang, the cultivation mode of the test field is the same as that of example 3, the adjacent cotton fields are used as controls, only the distance between a capillary and a cotton plant is 9-10 cm, weeds in the two cotton fields are the same, the weeds are broadleaf weeds such as black nightshade, chenopodium album and the like and grassy weeds such as barnyard grass, green bristlegrass and the like, the weeds are removed by applying the herbicide with water drops in 12 days in 6 months, and the used agent is 50% of flumioxazin WP 60g a.i./hm2. Test forThe test result shows that in example 3, the weeding effect reaches 91.2% after the application for 10d, while in a cotton field with 9-10 cm of capillary distance from the cotton plant, the weeding effect is only 50.6% after the application for 10d, which is lower than 40.6%, and the analysis reason is that the distance between the laid capillary and the cotton plant is far, and the pesticide solution cannot completely wet the soil in the target (weed) area, so the weed prevention and control effect is poor.
Comparative experiment 3
In 2019, a drip irrigation test of applying flumioxazin to prevent and kill mulching film-covered cotton field weeds is carried out on a certain farm of a war group produced and constructed in Xinjiang, the field area of the test field is 60 mu (example 5), the field dominant weeds are broad-leaved weeds such as black nightshade, chenopodium album, salsola collina, endive and the like, and the black nightshade accounts for 90.7 percent. Because the closed weeding of the soil before sowing fails, the herbicide is applied along with water drops in 27 days after 5 months for weeding, and the used medicament is 50 percent of flumioxazin WP 60g a.i./hm2. The test results show (see table 2) that 1 survey point out of 5 survey points is not up to standard because of the surface flatness (standard deviation of surface flatness)>3.5cm) was observed, and the effect of weed control was not satisfactory at this site.
TABLE 2 controlling effect of herbicide applied by drip irrigation on broadleaf weeds in cotton field
| Survey point | Surface flatness standard deviation (cm) | The control effect is 12 days after the drug is applied |
| 1 | 1.2 | 89.7 |
| 2 | 4.1 | 41.4 |
| 3 | 2.8 | 88.6 |
| 4 | 3.1 | 84.1 |
| 5 | 1.6 | 90.5 |
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. The method for preventing and killing broad-leaved weeds in cotton fields by applying the drip irrigation system is characterized in that the drip irrigation system is applied along with water, and comprises the following steps:
(S1) dispensing: after 4 true leaves of cotton grow, the flumioxazin is added according to the proportion of 30-75 g a.i./hm2The dosage is prepared by adopting a secondary dilution method, and is uniformly stirred for standby;
(S2) drip irrigation cleanerWater: ensuring that the soil of the sowing row and the soil at the two sides near the earth surface are wetted by 1-10 cm, and using water of 150-250 m3/hm2；
(S3) application with water: after the step (S2) is finished, placing the herbicide prepared in the step (S1) in a fertilizing/pesticide applying device, and uniformly applying the herbicide in a dropwise manner to the field soil along with water for 45-60 min; (S4) flushing the drip irrigation system, after the step (S3) is finished, continuously dripping clear water to flush the drip irrigation system for 20-30 min, wherein the water consumption is 30-50 m3/hm2。
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the drip irrigation system comprises: the filter, the water pump, the fertilizing/pesticide device and the flow pressure regulator are sequentially connected through a main pipe, and the head end of the main pipe is connected with a water source; and a plurality of branch pipes are arranged on the main pipe connected with the outlet end of the flow pressure regulator in parallel, a plurality of capillary pipes are arranged on the branch pipes, and a plurality of dripping holes which are arranged at equal intervals are arranged on one side of each capillary pipe.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said branches are disposed above the ground surface mulch film perpendicular to the cotton growing direction, each of said branches has a length <60m, and said capillaries are disposed below the ground surface mulch film parallel to the cotton growing direction.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the cultivation mode is one film six row, the capillary is arranged in the center of the narrow row cotton; when the cultivation mode is three lines of one film, the capillary tubes are arranged at the positions of 4-6 cm on the right/left sides of the cotton lines.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the capillary adopts a labyrinth drip tape, and the specific laying method is as follows:
when the cultivation mode is one film six-row, the narrow row spacing is 10-12 cm, the wide row spacing is 64-66 cm, and the laying length is 50-70 m;
or the like, or, alternatively,
when the cultivation mode is one film with three lines, the line spacing is 76 cm; the laying length is 50-70 m.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the flow rate of the water dropping holes is 2.0-2.6L/h, and the distance between the water dropping holes is 25-30 cm.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein (S1), prior to dispensing, further comprises leveling the ground, sealing the soil prior to planting for weeding, planting, laying down pipes, mulching, and installing additional drip irrigation system equipment.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the land leveling and pre-sowing soil sealing weeding: before cotton sowing, proper moisture is applied to soil preparation until the surface soil is loose at 3-4 cm near the ground, the soil is finely crushed without soil blocks with the diameter of more than 2cm, the standard deviation of the surface flatness is less than or equal to 3.5cm, no stubble, sundries and waste mulching films are generated, and proper herbicides are selected for surface spraying and harrowing soil mixing treatment.
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| CN114747448A (en) * | 2022-04-03 | 2022-07-15 | 操苏立 | Environment-friendly control method for weeds in cotton field |
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