CN111512723A

CN111512723A - Agricultural seeder stable and fast in operation

Info

Publication number: CN111512723A
Application number: CN202010511214.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张辉
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-06-08
Filing date: 2020-06-08
Publication date: 2020-08-11

Abstract

An agricultural seeder which runs stably and quickly comprises a frame, wherein at least two ridging and film-covering systems are arranged on the frame in parallel, and each ridging and film-covering system comprises a rotary tillage mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a ridging furrow opener, a film cylinder, a film-covering mechanism, a seeding mechanism and a press wheel; novel agricultural seeder of structure, realization rotary tillage that can be light, ridging, the tectorial membrane, multinomial functions such as seeding, overall structure is simple, high durability and convenient operation, and can the tectorial membrane film more than 2 lines simultaneously, work efficiency is greatly promoted, and the cooperation between every structure is very inseparable, the ridge type of production is full and mellow, and smooth transition, the operating efficiency has greatly been improved, agricultural intensity of labour has been alleviateed, the seeding unit that sets up in addition can easily and steady realization order seeding, continuous sowing of seed has been guaranteed one by one, stability is high, the economic benefits and the social that crops planted have been improved.

Description

Agricultural seeder stable and fast in operation

Technical Field

The invention mainly relates to the field of agricultural mechanical equipment for agricultural production, in particular to an agricultural seeder which runs stably and quickly.

Background

About 85% of the farmlands in the world are dry land farming relying on natural rainfall, also known as rain farming. The agricultural land with 3/4 in China is dry land agriculture, which is divided according to the rainfall range in China, and the drought-resistant soil-moisture-preserving cultivation is the most basic cultivation technology for the dry land agricultural production in most of dry land agriculture, particularly in the dry and frequent areas, how to conform to the natural law, utilize limited natural rainfall to the maximum extent, improve the utilization rate of water, relieve the problem of water shortage of crops in the dry farming agricultural area, and is the direction for many years of endeavouring to solve.

In the planting of crops, carry out the work of ridging before crops are planted, after the ridging, waterlogging day drainage is smooth and easy, is unlikely to ponding, simultaneously because the topography that the root system was located improves, has reduced ground water level relatively, and the soil moisture of rhizosphere is difficult for saturating, is unlikely to cause the root system to suffocate because of the oxygen deficiency, can preserve moisture and resist drought to a certain extent, in the past that mechanization degree is lower, the ridging often by manual operation, and intensity of labour is big, and work efficiency is low. Along with the continuous improvement of the agricultural mechanization degree, the simple and heavy manual labor of ridge supporting gradually realizes mechanization in vast rural areas.

The seed metering device of the existing seeder mainly comprises: an outer grooved wheel seed sowing device and a rotary spoon type seed sowing device.

When the outer sheave type seed sowing device works, the outer sheave rotates, seeds fill the groove of the sheave by gravity and are driven by the outer sheave to rotate together for forced seed sowing, the seeding quantity of the outer sheave type seed sowing device depends on the effective working length and the rotating speed of the sheave, the seed sowing quantity is influenced by machine vibration in the seed sowing process, the seed sowing quantity has a pulsation phenomenon, and the seed sowing uniformity is poor.

The rotary spoon type seed sowing device uses the size of a hole to fetch seeds to realize single-seed hole sowing and dibbling, the structure and the adjustment mode of the rotary spoon type seed sowing device easily cause the instability of the number of holes and grains, the seed sowing quantity of each roller is inconsistent, when the rotating speed of the roller of the seed sowing device is lower, the seed filling time is long, no hole exists, but the seed cleaning is not smooth, the number of the holes and grains is unstable, and when the rotating speed of the roller is higher, the seed filling time is short. The seeds are easy to block at the seed inlet, the cavity is easy to form, and the operation difficulty is high.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

The invention aims to provide an agricultural seeder which is simple in structure, good in effect and stable and fast in operation and can comprehensively plant crops.

(II) technical scheme

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an agricultural seeder which runs stably and quickly, and the agricultural seeder comprises a frame, wherein at least two ridging and film-covering systems are arranged on the frame in parallel, and each ridging and film-covering system comprises a rotary tillage mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a ridging furrow opener, a film cylinder, a film-covering mechanism, a seeding mechanism and a press wheel;

the rotary tillage mechanism is arranged at the front end of the ridge forming furrow opener and comprises rotary tillage plows which are rotatably arranged on the frame, each rotary tillage plow comprises a cutter shaft and rotary blades, and the rotary blades are parallelly and equidistantly fixed on the cutter shafts;

the ridging furrow opener comprises a ridging shaft which is rotatably arranged on the frame, a profiling wheel is arranged on the ridging shaft, the section of the profiling wheel is matched with the shape of a ridge, and furrow cutters are arranged on two sides of the profiling wheel; ,

tectorial membrane mechanism includes press mold mechanism and disc plough covering device, press mold mechanism is including pressing ditch wheel, bracing piece, spring and mount, the rotatable setting of pressure ditch wheel is in the bottom of bracing piece, the top of bracing piece is passed mount and slidable and is set up on the mount, still be provided with the screens on the bracing piece, on the bracing piece was established again to the spring housing, on the screens was withstood to the one end of spring, on the mount was again withstood to the other end top.

The seeding mechanism comprises a seed box, a seed discharging wheel, a driving motor, a rack and an air blower, wherein a cavity with one open end is arranged in the rack, the seed discharging wheel is arranged at one open end of the rack and seals the cavity, the driving motor is arranged on the side surface of the rack, a driving shaft of the driving motor penetrates through the rack and is connected with the seed discharging wheel, a vent is arranged at the upper end of the rack, an air suction port of the air blower is connected with an air vent, one end of the seed discharging wheel, which is back to the rack, is connected with the seed box, the bottom surface of the seed box is inclined, the inclined lower end faces the seed discharging wheel, seed grooves are uniformly arranged on the surface of one end of the seed discharging wheel, adsorption holes smaller than the area of seeds are uniformly arranged on the seed discharging wheel, one end of the adsorption holes is communicated with the seed grooves, the other end, a seed baffle plate is arranged above one end of the seed box close to the seed metering wheel and is attached to the surface of the seed metering wheel;

the press wheel comprises a wheel body and a press frame, the wheel body is rotatably arranged on the press frame, one end of the press frame is hinged to the frame, and a return spring is further arranged between the press frame and the frame.

The improved structure of the rotary cultivator is characterized in that a pesticide spraying device is further arranged on the frame and comprises a pesticide box and a pesticide spraying nozzle, the pesticide box is fixed on the frame, the rotary cultivator blade comprises a blade back portion, a middle transition portion and a blade portion in the width direction, the thickness of the middle transition portion is larger than that of the blade back portion, the thickness of the blade back portion is larger than that of the blade portion, a protrusion is arranged at the bending portion of the rotary cultivator blade, the pesticide spraying nozzle is arranged in the protrusion of the rotary cultivator blade, and the pesticide spraying nozzle is connected with the pesticide box through a guide pipe.

The invention is improved in that the surface of the profiling wheel is provided with sawteeth.

The improved structure of the invention is characterized in that a locking positioning block is arranged on the fixing frame along the radial direction of the fixing frame, an axial positioning groove is arranged on the supporting rod, the locking positioning block extends into the positioning groove, the locking positioning block is a locking screw, the clamping position is a nut, and an external thread matched with the internal thread of the nut is arranged on the positioning rod.

(III) advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the agricultural seeder which runs stably and quickly, and has the following beneficial effects:

novel agricultural seeder of structure, realization rotary tillage that can be light, ridging, the tectorial membrane, multinomial functions such as seeding, overall structure is simple, high durability and convenient operation, and can the tectorial membrane film more than 2 lines simultaneously, work efficiency is greatly promoted, and the cooperation between every structure is very inseparable, the ridge type of production is full and mellow, and smooth transition, the operating efficiency has greatly been improved, agricultural intensity of labour has been alleviateed, the seeding unit that sets up in addition can easily and steady realization order seeding, continuous sowing of seed has been guaranteed one by one, stability is high, the economic benefits and the social that crops planted have been improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the agricultural seeder which runs stably and quickly;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a seeding mechanism of the agricultural seeding machine which runs stably and quickly;

FIG. 3 is a main view structural diagram of a seed discharging wheel of the agricultural seeder which runs stably and quickly;

FIG. 4 is a rear view structural diagram of a seed discharging wheel of the agricultural seeder which runs stably and quickly;

description of the drawings: 1. a frame; 2. a rotary tillage mechanism; 3. rotary tillage plough; 4. a fertilizing mechanism; 5. a film pressing mechanism; 6. a groove pressing wheel; 7. a support bar; 8. a spring; 9. a fixed mount; 10. clamping; 11. a ridging furrow opener; 12. a ridging shaft; 13. a profiling wheel; 14. a ditching cutter; 15. a disk plow coverer; 16. a press wheel; 17. a return spring; 18. a film cartridge; 19. a seed box; 20. a seed sowing wheel; 21. a drive motor; 22. a frame; 23. a blower; 24. a cavity; 25. a vent; 26. a bottom surface; 27. a seed groove; 28. an adsorption hole; 29. baffle plate.

Detailed Description

In order to explain technical contents, structural features, and objects and effects of the present invention in detail, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the embodiments.

Referring to the attached drawings 1-4, the invention provides a stably and quickly operated agricultural seeder, which comprises a frame 1, wherein at least two ridging and film-covering systems are arranged on the frame 1 in parallel, and each ridging and film-covering system comprises a rotary tillage mechanism 2, a fertilizing mechanism 4, a ridging furrow opener 11, a film cylinder 18, a film-covering mechanism, a seeding mechanism and a press wheel 16;

firstly, the agricultural seeder which runs stably and quickly is fixed at the rear of a tractor and can be hinged by a pin shaft, at least two sets of ridging and film covering systems are arranged on a frame 1, and two lines of ridging and film covering are carried out simultaneously, and has high ridging precision and good ridge shape, when the operation is advanced, the rotary tillage mechanism 2 is firstly used for loosening the soil and rotary tillage, then the fertilizer applicator is started, fertilizing the rotary cultivated land, ridging the ridging ditcher 11 immediately after fertilizing, arranging a film pressing ditch, subsequently taking out the film from the film cylinder 18 through the film laminating mechanism, spreading the film to cover the convex ridge, pressing the edges of the film in the film pressing ditch tightly by the film pressing mechanism 5, simultaneously continuously discharging the seeds from the seed box 19 by the seeder, and is sowed on both sides of the ridge, the disk plow coverer 15 immediately covers the floating soil on the film pressing ditch to complete the film paving operation, and finally, the floating soil is compacted through the pressing wheel 16 to complete the film paving operation.

The rotary tillage mechanism 2 is arranged at the front end of the ridge forming furrow opener 11, the rotary tillage mechanism 2 comprises a rotary tillage plough 3 which is rotatably arranged on the frame 1, the rotary tillage plough 3 comprises a cutter shaft and rotary blades, and the rotary blades are parallelly and equidistantly fixed on the cutter shaft;

the rotary plow 3 comprises a cutter shaft and rotary blades, the rotary blades are fixed on the cutter shaft in parallel at equal intervals, the rotary blades comprise a blade back part, a middle transition part and a blade part in the width direction, the thickness of the middle transition part is larger than that of the blade back part, the thickness of the blade back part is larger than that of the blade part, and a bending part of the rotary blades is provided with a bulge.

Different from the traditional rotary tillage blade, in the width direction of the rotary tillage blade, the blade back part is thickest, the middle transition part is second, the blade part is thinnest, and the thicknesses from the blade back part to the blade part are sequentially reduced; in the length direction of the rotary blade, the thickness of the rotary blade is gradually reduced from the joint part of the blade body and the knife handle to the tail end of the knife head. The metal amount is concentrated on the blade back, but the blade back does not participate in cutting, and the rotary blade is worn to the cutting edge line of the blade part and is scrapped. The same amount of metal is used, the amount of metal concentrated on the back of the blade not participating in cutting is large, the amount of metal concentrated on the blade participating in cutting is small, and the service life of the rotary blade is short.

In this embodiment, through the change of thickness position, under the condition that does not increase the metal quantity, thicken the atress position, the life of rotary blade has been prolonged, it is further, the great department of bending of rotary blade atress has set up the protruding strengthening rib of reinforcing rotary blade bearing capacity, the arch can set up at the front or the back of rotary blade, through the surface shape that changes rotary blade, it distributes to change the metallographic structure of rotary blade into the close-packed curve of crystalline grain by original crystalline grain is close-packed straight line distribution, help strengthening the rigidity of object geometry face and the characteristic of intensity, the rotary blade has been overcome because accept the rotary blade bending deformation or the further life who prolongs rotary blade of phenomenon of rupture that too concentrate the cause in work.

The ridging furrow opener 11 comprises a ridging shaft 12 which is rotatably arranged on the frame 1, a copying wheel 13 is arranged on the ridging shaft 12, the section of the copying wheel 13 is matched with the ridge shape, and furrowing knives 14 are arranged on two sides of the copying wheel 13.

It is concrete at the in-process that the machine gos forward, it is rotatory through ridging axle 12, it is rotatory to drive copying wheel 13, copying wheel 13 turns up the heap of both sides earth and forms protruding type ridge to the middle part, and the intensity and the shape of all fashioned ridges are all the same, the effect of flexible shaping has been reached, be favorable to the keeping of ridge type when ridging, prevent the phenomenon of collapsing, overcome the defect of original device and soil rigid contact, it is plump mellow and full to make the ridge shoulder, when the laminating machine carries out the operation, the shop membrane quality improves greatly, can realize plastic film's zero damage basically, the ditching sword 14 of copying wheel 13 both sides is deep into the both sides of ridge simultaneously, form two regular pressure membrane ditches, be convenient for pressing of later stage pressure membrane wheel.

In this embodiment, the profiling wheel 13 is made of rubber, and the rubber arrangement firstly reduces the cost of the whole film spreading machine, and simultaneously, prevents the collapse phenomenon caused by rigid contact.

In this embodiment, the profile modeling wheel 13 surface is provided with the sawtooth, when the membrane paving machine removes the back, will form a plurality of little grooves on the ridge stalk, and these little grooves can effectual gathering moisture, play the effect of soil moisture conservation.

Tectorial membrane mechanism includes film pressing mechanism 5 and disc plough covering device 15, film pressing mechanism 5 is including pressing ditch wheel 6, bracing piece 7, spring 8 and mount 9, 6 rotatable settings in the bottom of bracing piece 7 of pressing ditch wheel, mount 9 and slidable setting are passed on the top of bracing piece 7 on mount 9, still be provided with screens 10 on the bracing piece 7, on the bracing piece 7 was established again to spring 8 cover, on screens 10 was withstood to spring 8's one end, the other end withstood on mount 9.

The function of the furrow pressing wheel 6 is to effectively press the film into the film pressing ditch, so that the soil can be conveniently guided into the film pressing ditch by a subsequent soil covering device. Soil covering in the seedling ditch makes the plastic film difficult to be lifted by wind, in this embodiment, the ditching membrane adopts the 8 pretensions of spring, the one end of spring 8 is fixed on mount 9, can adopt to articulate or directly adopt the welding, the other end of spring 8 is fixed on screens 10, through the setting of spring 8, when ditching wheel 6 receives great resistance, ditching wheel 6 can overcome the resistance of spring 8, make ditching wheel 6 can rise some, and after the resistance is less, return self-return through the restoring force of spring 8 and the gravity of ditching wheel 6 and bracing piece 7 self, make its vertical position according to the adjustment of ground soil property condition ditching wheel 6, along with ground fluctuation, guarantee the ditching effect, the flat of film is laid simultaneously.

In this embodiment, screens 10 is the nut, be provided with the external screw thread that matches with the nut internal thread on the locating lever, after rotating the nut, can adjust the length that the ditching wheel 6 stretches out mount 9, vertical position promptly, can adjust according to the ridge height of difference, prevents that ditching wheel 6 does not have the condition of contact ridge face.

In this embodiment, the fixing frame 9 is provided with a locking positioning block along the radial direction thereof, the support rod 7 is provided with an axial positioning groove, and the locking positioning block extends into the positioning groove.

The locating piece can be square in this embodiment, the radial shape of adaptation constant head tank, and the axial degree of freedom of bracing piece 7 has only been reserved in the radial rotation of effectual restriction bracing piece 7, has guaranteed the quality of pressing the ditch, in another embodiment, the locking locating piece is locking screw, through the setting of screw thread, when not using, can effectually unscrew positioning screw, and it is convenient and simple structure to dismantle.

The seeding mechanism comprises a seed box 19, a seeding wheel 20, a driving motor 21, a rack 22 and a blower 23, wherein a cavity 24 with one open end is arranged in the rack 22, the seeding wheel 20 is arranged at one open end of the rack 22 and seals the cavity 24, the driving motor 21 is arranged on the side surface of the rack 22, a driving shaft of the driving motor 21 penetrates through the rack 22 and is connected with the seeding wheel 20, a vent 25 is arranged at the upper end of the rack 22, an air suction port of the blower 23 is connected with an air vent, one end of the seeding wheel 20, which is back to the rack 22, is connected with the seed box 19, the bottom surface 26 of the seed box 19 is inclined, the inclined lower end faces the seeding wheel 20, a seed groove 27 is uniformly arranged on the surface of one end, which faces the seed box 19, of the seeding wheel 20, is uniformly provided with adsorption holes 28 which are smaller than the area of seeds, one end of the adsorption holes 28 is communicated with, the strong bottom of the cavity 24 is higher than the adsorption hole 28 at the lower end of the seed sowing wheel 20, a seed baffle plate 29 is arranged above one end of the seed box 19 close to the seed sowing wheel 20, and the seed baffle plate 29 is attached to the surface of the seed sowing wheel 20.

When seeding is needed, firstly, the driving motor 21 and the blower 23 are started, the driving motor 21 drives the seed discharging wheel 20 to rotate, the blower 23 enables the cavity 24 to be in a negative pressure state, the adsorption hole 28 is also in a negative pressure state due to being communicated with the cavity 24, the bottom of the seed box 19 which is obliquely arranged conveys the seeds downwards and is adsorbed by the adsorption hole 28, as the area of the adsorption hole 28 can only be adapted to one seed, when the seed discharging wheel 20 rotates, one seed is adsorbed by the cup adsorption hole 28 which is orderly, the seeds are certainly possible to be smaller, the two seeds are loaded on the adsorption hole 28 together, when the seed baffle plate 29 rotates to the upper part, the seed is peeled off, the principle adopts the thickness of the two seeds to be certainly larger than the thickness of one seed, and the thickness of one seed is equivalent to the thickness of the seed groove 27, therefore, the seed baffle plate 29 can easily baffle redundant seeds, then the seeds continue to rotate, when the adsorption holes 28 rotate to the lower part and leave the communication position of the cavity 24, the suction force disappears, the seeds fall downwards under the action of gravity and finally fall into the field, the seeding wheel 20 continues to rotate and continues to adsorb the subsequent seeds.

The falling frequency of the seeds can be adjusted by the rotating speed of the driving motor 21, so that the falling frequency can be adjusted according to the traveling speed of the whole equipment, or the falling frequency can be adjusted by arranging a controller.

During the forward movement of the frame 1, the seed metering device can continuously discharge the seeds in the seed box 19.

The press wheel 16 comprises a wheel body and a press frame, the wheel body is rotatably arranged on the press frame, one end of the press frame is hinged to the frame 1, and a return spring 17 is further arranged between the press frame and the frame 1.

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The agricultural seeder which runs stably and quickly is characterized by comprising a frame (1), wherein at least two ridging and film covering systems are arranged on the frame (1) in parallel, and each ridging and film covering system comprises a rotary tillage mechanism (2), a fertilizing mechanism (4), a ridging furrow opener (11), a film cylinder (18), a film covering mechanism, a seeding mechanism and a press wheel (16);

the rotary tillage mechanism (2) is arranged at the front end of the ridge forming furrow opener (11), the rotary tillage mechanism (2) comprises a rotary tillage plough (3) which is rotatably arranged on the frame (1), the rotary tillage plough (3) comprises a cutter shaft and rotary blades, and the rotary blades are parallelly and equidistantly fixed on the cutter shaft;

the ridging furrow opener (11) comprises a ridging shaft (12) which is rotatably arranged on the frame (1), a copying wheel (13) is arranged on the ridging shaft (12), the section of the copying wheel (13) is matched with the shape of a ridge, and furrowing knives (14) are arranged on two sides of the copying wheel (13);

the mulching mechanism comprises a film pressing mechanism (5) and a disc plough soil covering device (15), the film pressing mechanism (5) comprises a furrow pressing wheel (6), a supporting rod (7), a spring (8) and a fixing frame (9), the furrow pressing wheel (6) is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the supporting rod (7), the top end of the supporting rod (7) penetrates through the fixing frame (9) and is slidably arranged on the fixing frame (9), a clamping position (10) is further arranged on the supporting rod (7), the spring (8) is sleeved on the re-supporting rod (7), one end of the spring (8) abuts against the clamping position (10), and the other end of the spring abuts against the re-fixing frame (9);

the seeding mechanism comprises a seed box (19), a seeding wheel (20), a driving motor (21), a rack (22) and an air blower (23), wherein a cavity (24) with an opening at one end is arranged in the rack (22), the seeding wheel (20) is arranged at one end of the opening of the rack (22) and seals the cavity (24), the driving motor (21) is arranged on the side surface of the rack (22), a driving shaft of the driving motor (21) penetrates through the rack (22) and is connected with the seeding wheel (20), a vent (25) is arranged at the upper end of the rack (22), an air suction inlet of the air blower (23) is connected with an air vent, one end of the seeding wheel (20) back to the rack (22) is connected with the seed box (19), the bottom surface (26) of the seed box (19) is inclined, the inclined lower end faces the seeding wheel (20), seed grooves (27) are uniformly arranged on the surface of the seeding wheel (20) facing the seed box (19, the seed sowing wheel (20) is uniformly provided with adsorption holes (28) smaller than the area of seeds, one end of each adsorption hole (28) is communicated with the seed groove (27), the other end of each adsorption hole (28) is communicated with the cavity (24), and the strong bottom of each cavity (24) is higher than the adsorption holes (28) positioned at the lower end of the seed sowing wheel (20);

the pressing wheel (16) comprises a wheel body and a pressing frame, the wheel body is rotatably arranged on the pressing frame, one end of the pressing frame is hinged to the frame (1), and a return spring (17) is further arranged between the pressing frame and the frame (1).

2. The agricultural seeder that runs smoothly swift according to claim 1, characterized in that still be provided with the laxative device on frame (1), the laxative device includes medical kit and laxative shower nozzle, the medical kit is fixed on frame (1), the rotary blade all includes back of a knife blade part, middle transition part and cutting edge part in the width direction, the thickness of middle transition part is greater than back of a knife blade part, the thickness of back of a knife blade part is greater than cutting edge part, the department of bending of rotary blade is provided with the arch, the setting of laxative shower nozzle is in the rotary blade arch, the laxative shower nozzle links to each other with the medical kit through the pipe.

3. An agricultural seeder having smooth and fast running according to claim 1, wherein the copying wheel (13) is provided with serrations on its surface.

4. The agricultural seeding machine with stable and rapid operation according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixing frame (9) is provided with a locking positioning block along the radial direction thereof, the supporting rod (7) is provided with an axial positioning groove, the locking positioning block extends into the positioning groove, the locking positioning block is a locking screw, the clamping position (10) is a nut, and the positioning rod is provided with an external thread matched with the internal thread of the nut.

5. The agricultural seeder which runs smoothly and quickly as claimed in claim 1, wherein a seed baffle plate (29) is arranged above one end of the seed box (19) close to the seed wheel (20), and the seed baffle plate (29) is attached to the surface of the seed wheel (20).

6. The agricultural seeder which runs smoothly and quickly as claimed in claim 1, wherein a sealing ring is arranged between the seed wheel (20) and the seed box (19) and the frame (1).