CN213548317U - Floating type under-plant fertilizing and seeding machine for film-free cultivation of cotton - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a floating type fertilizing and seeding machine under the film-free cultivation of cotton, which relates to the field of agricultural mechanical equipment and comprises a frame, a power system, a grass cleaning mechanism, a fertilizing and ditching device, a floating type fertilizing mechanism, a floating type seeding mechanism and a seed and fertilizer isolation, pressing and shaping mechanism which are arranged on the frame in sequence; the utility model has the advantages of reasonable design, collect seedbed preparation, deep fertilization, seeding earthing, suppression moulding etc. function in an organic whole, still possess clear grass row stifled function, broken stubble function of burying, seed manure divide and execute function and ground profile modeling function, can realize multi-functional combined operation, can effectively adapt to the special requirement that the root stubble covered the ground seeding. This equipment has reduced the machines and has entered the ground number of times, has avoided the harmful compaction of equipment to soil, has not only improved anti grass-hanging ability, has reduced ditching resistance and soil moisture loss, does not have during the operation moreover and twines the axle, piles up phenomenons such as stifled, and seeding volume, fertilization volume, seeding depth are easily adjusted, and the suppression is stepped on solidly, and stability is good, and the operating efficiency is high, and the practicality is strong.

Description

Floating type under-plant fertilizing and seeding machine for film-free cultivation of cotton

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a floating type fertilizing and seeding machine for cotton non-film cultivation under seeds.

Background

In order to solve the problem of great harm to agriculture caused by drought and severe natural conditions, as early as 80 years in the 20 th century, China begins to popularize a plastic film mulching planting technology on cotton, and plays a positive role in developing agricultural production and promoting the income of farmers. Cotton is the important strategic material of China as the first economic crop in China. With the increasing of the input amount of the mulching film, the residual mulching film causes a series of problems of soil structure damage, farmland quality reduction, crop yield reduction, blocked farm work operation, secondary environmental pollution and the like, and the sustainable development of agriculture is seriously influenced. Through cultivation of the film-free cotton variety and innovation of a matched cultivation technology, film-free planting of cotton can be achieved, and influence of residual films on soil pollution and fiber quality can be thoroughly avoided. The non-film cultivation of cotton can also save the mulching film and the recycling cost, and realize the aims of high yield, cost saving, environmental protection and comprehensive benefit improvement. The innovation of the concept and mode of cotton planting has important significance for the development of green cotton planting and ecological cotton planting, and is the vivid practice of ecological civilization construction and green development concepts in the field of cotton planting.

The forage grass-short season cotton continuous cropping mode is that on the basis of stable cotton production, one season of high-quality forage crops are added according to local conditions, so that land and photo-thermal resources can be fully utilized, the comprehensive benefit of the land is improved, the coordinated development of agriculture and pasturing is promoted, and the development prospect is good. However, when cotton is sown on the ground surface after forage grass harvesting, root stubble blocking and unstable sowing quality become problems which are widely explored. How to provide a forage grass-short season cotton continuous cropping matching mechanical equipment for the above problems becomes one of the problems to be solved urgently by the utility model.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a floating cotton does not have membrane cultivation and plants fertilizing and seeding machine down to solve the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, this equipment simple structure is reasonable, can realize multi-functional combined operation, possesses seedbed and reorganizes and outfit, deep fertilization, seeding earthing, suppression functions such as moulding, and stability is good, and the operating efficiency is high.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a following scheme:

the utility model provides a floating type fertilizing and seeding machine under the film-free cultivation of cotton, which mainly comprises a frame, a power system, a grass cleaning mechanism, a fertilizing furrow opener, a floating type fertilizing mechanism, a floating type seeding mechanism and a seed and fertilizer isolation, pressing and shaping mechanism, wherein the grass cleaning mechanism, the fertilizing furrow opener, the floating type fertilizing mechanism, the floating type seeding mechanism and the seed and fertilizer isolation, pressing and shaping mechanism are arranged on the frame; the grass cleaning mechanism is used for cleaning grass and removing blockage in the ditch and comprises a grass cleaning cutter shaft and cutters arranged on the grass cleaning cutter shaft; the fertilizing furrower is used for breaking stubble and furrowing; the floating fertilizer applying mechanism is used for discharging fertilizer into a fertilizer ditch after the fertilizer furrow opener ditches; the floating type seeding mechanism comprises a double-disc seeding furrow opener and a seed discharging device, the double-disc seeding furrow opener is used for pushing part of soil back into the fertilizer ditch, so that the base fertilizer is covered with soil and forms a seeding belt, and the seed discharging device is used for discharging seed into the seed bed; the moulding mechanism of suppression is kept apart to seed manure including the fertile isolation wheel of seed and with the moulding wheel of suppression of the fertile isolation wheel linkage of seed, the fertile isolation wheel of seed is used for after the seeding will the both sides in seeding area are smashed, the compaction forms the seedbed, moulding wheel of suppression is used for after the seeding with the row's compaction of seeding.

Optionally, the power system comprises a power source and a gearbox connected with the power source; the power input end of the grass cleaning cutter shaft, the floating type fertilizing mechanism and/or the floating type sowing mechanism is connected with the power output end of the gearbox.

Optionally, the cutter is a plane curved knife, and a plurality of the plane curved knives are arranged on the grass cleaning knife shaft at equal intervals in a double-helix manner.

Optionally, a depth limiting wheel is further arranged in front of the grass removing mechanism.

Optionally, the floating fertilizer applying mechanism comprises a fertilizer box and an outer grooved wheel fertilizer distributor, and the outer grooved wheel fertilizer distributor is mounted at an outlet of the fertilizer box through a fertilizer distributing wheel shaft; the fertilizer discharging wheel shaft is also provided with a fertilizer quantity regulator.

Optionally, the floating fertilizer application mechanism further comprises a single-arm profiling ground wheel and a driving chain wheel mounted on the fertilizer discharging wheel shaft, and the single-arm profiling ground wheel is in transmission connection with the driving chain wheel; the periphery of the rim of the single-arm profiling land wheel is provided with a plurality of ground grabbing claws, and a lever arm of the single-arm profiling land wheel is connected with the rack through a tensioning spring so as to ensure that the single-arm profiling land wheel is always in contact with the ground surface and achieve the profiling effect.

Optionally, the floating seeding mechanism comprises a fixed frame, a floating pull rod, a seeding device mounted on the fixed frame, and a profiling spring seat detachably mounted on the rack; the fixed frame is hinged on the rack through a connecting pull rod; the top end of the floating pull rod is connected to the profiling spring seat, and the bottom end of the floating pull rod is hinged to the fixed frame; the floating pull rod is sleeved with a pressure spring, and the top end of the pressure spring is connected with the profiling spring seat and keeps a compressed state.

Optionally, the seed metering device comprises a reciprocating swing type seed taking disc, a cam track groove and a seed taking chamber; reciprocating swing type seed fetching disc includes rim plate and a plurality of distribution and is in the peripheral seed metering spoon of rim plate, be provided with a plurality of ejector pad swing grooves on the rim plate, slidable mounting has reciprocating swing type ejector pad in the ejector pad swing groove, reciprocating swing type ejector pad is last be provided with the roller that cam track groove matches, the roller is in cam track inslot along track inslot wall motion in-process, can drive reciprocating swing type ejector pad is in reciprocating swing in the ejector pad swing groove, and then accomplish seed fetching, seed metering process of seed metering spoon.

Optionally, the seed and fertilizer isolation, pressing and shaping mechanism comprises a hinge shaft hinged to the bottom of the fixing frame, the seed and fertilizer isolation wheel and the pressing and shaping wheel are arranged in front and at the back, and the seed and fertilizer isolation wheel and the pressing and shaping wheel are both mounted on the hinge shaft through a wheel fork to form a lever structure; the seed manure isolation wheel with the installation fork of suppressing moulding wheel all through the spring with the mount is connected.

Optionally, the ratio of the length of the force arm of the mounting fork of the seed fertilizer isolation wheel to the length of the force arm of the mounting fork of the compacting shaping wheel is 3: 8.

The utility model discloses for prior art gain following technological effect:

the utility model provides a floating cotton membraneless cultivation seed fertilization seeder down, simple structure is reasonable, collects seedbed preparation, deep fertilization, seeding earthing, suppression functions in an organic whole such as moulding, still possesses clear grass row stifled function, broken stubble buries function, seed manure divides and executes function and ground profile modeling function, can realize multi-functional combined operation, can effectively adapt to the special requirement that the root stubble covered the ground seeding. This equipment has reduced the machines and has entered the ground number of times, has avoided the harmful compaction of equipment to soil, has not only improved anti grass-hanging ability, has reduced ditching resistance and soil moisture loss, does not have during the operation moreover and twines the axle, piles up phenomenons such as stifled, and seeding volume, fertilization volume, seeding depth are easily adjusted, and the suppression is stepped on solidly, and stability is good, and the operating efficiency is high, and the practicality is strong.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a top view of the whole structure of the floating type cotton cultivation fertilizing and seeding machine without film;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the whole structure of the fertilizer and seed drill under the floating type cotton membraneless cultivation;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the frame of the fertilizer drill under the floating type cotton membraneless cultivation;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the frame of the fertilizer-seed drill under the floating type cotton cultivation without film;

FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of the seed fertilizer isolation, pressing and shaping mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic top view of the seed fertilizer isolation, pressing and shaping mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the reciprocating swing type seed sowing mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of a cam track groove in the reciprocating swing type seed sowing mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the suspension type fertilization driving device of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the double helix arrangement of the blades on the grass-cleaning arbor of the present invention;

wherein the reference numerals are: 1. the grass cleaning cutter shaft is provided with a belt wheel; 2. a universal joint shaft; 3. a depth wheel; 4. a frame; 5. a suspension device; 6. a fertilizer boot; 7. a gearbox; 8. connecting a pull rod; 9. a fertilizing driving chain wheel; 10. fertilizing a driving wheel shaft; 11. a seed fertilizer isolation wheel; 12. a tool magazine; 13. a single-arm profiling ground wheel; 14. Pressing and shaping the left wheel; 15. pressing and shaping the right wheel; 16. a seed discharging spoon; 17. fertilizer box; 18. a contoured spring seat; 19. a floating pull rod; 20. a pressure spring; 21. a floating pull rod lifting lug; 22. a seed box; 23. a longitudinal beam of the sowing mechanism; 24. pressing the driving lifting lug; 25. a seed fertilizer isolation, pressing and shaping seed discharging driving device; 26. a hinge axis; 27. a swing type precision seed sowing driving chain wheel; 28. a seed metering device; 29. a double-disc seeding furrow opener; 30. a grass cleaning cutter shaft; 31. a gearbox power take-off shaft; 32. the push block swings the slot; 33. a frame side plate; 34. A frame rear cross beam; 35. a front cross beam of the frame; 36. a fixing plate; 37. a V-shaped driving belt wheel; 38. a gearbox mounting bracket; 39. a seeding driving wheel shaft; 40. a seeding drive sprocket; 41. a carrier sprocket; 42. a carrier sprocket; 43. connecting a pull rod sleeve; 44. a wheel fork is arranged on the compacting shaping wheel; 45. a fork is arranged on the seed fertilizer isolation wheel; 46. a drive sprocket; 47. a carrier sprocket; 48. a drive wheel bearing seat; 49. a suspension wheel handle; 50. a drive axle; 51. a seed-metering drive shaft sleeve; 52. a roller; 53. a reciprocating swing type push block; 54. a roller shaft; 55. A seed discharge port; 56. a cam track groove.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The utility model aims at providing a floating cotton does not have membrane cultivation and plants fertilizing and seeding machine down to solve the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, this equipment simple structure is reasonable, can realize multi-functional combined operation, possesses seedbed and reorganizes and outfit, deep fertilization, seeding earthing, suppression functions such as moulding, and stability is good, and the operating efficiency is high.

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.

The first embodiment is as follows:

as shown in fig. 1-10, the present embodiment provides a floating type fertilizing and seeding machine for cotton cultivation without film, which includes a frame 4 installed with a gearbox 7, the frame 4 adopts a two-beam structure, and includes a frame front beam 35 and a frame rear beam 34, the front beam is low, the rear beam is high, both ends of the frame front beam 35 and the frame rear beam 34 are welded to frame side plates 33 at both ends, and the gearbox 7 is installed on a gearbox mounting rack 38 at the transverse middle position of the frame. The bottom of the side plate 33 of the frame is provided with a fixing plate 36, a grass cleaning cutter shaft 30 in the grass cleaning mechanism is rotatably arranged on the fixing plate 36 through a bearing structure, the grass cleaning cutter shaft 30 adopts a side transmission mode, and the grass cleaning cutter shaft 30 is provided with double-helix plane bent cutters which are arranged at equal intervals. Frame front beam 35 front end is provided with linkage 5, and two depth wheels 3 are installed to linkage 5's forward-mounted, and fertilization furrow opener 6 is installed at frame front beam 35 rear portion, and fertilization furrow opener 6's rear portion sets gradually floating fertilizer injection mechanism, floating seeding mechanism and seed manure and keeps apart the moulding mechanism of suppression.

In this embodiment, the whole frame 4 is preferably a rectangular frame structure, the frame front cross beam 35 and the frame rear cross beam 34 are preferably made of rectangular pipes and square pipes, and the whole machine is compact in structure and good in working stability. The rectangular tube of the front frame beam 35 is preferably 60 × 80 × 5mm in size, and the square tube of the rear frame beam 34 is preferably 60 × 60 × 4mm in size.

In this embodiment, the power of the combined seed and fertilizer drill is preferably from a tractor. The frame 4 is connected with a tractor through a three-point suspension structure and is pulled by the tractor to advance. The power output shaft of the tractor transmits power to the input shaft of the gear box through the universal joint shaft 2, after the rotating speed and the direction are changed through the gear box 7, the power output shaft 31 of the gear box 7 is connected with the other universal joint shaft, and the V-shaped driving belt wheel 37 on the universal joint shaft is connected with the grass cleaning cutter shaft belt wheel 1 through a V-shaped belt so as to drive the grass cleaning cutter shaft 30 to rotate. The grass-clearing arbor pulley 1 is also preferably a V-pulley, the rotational speed of the grass-clearing arbor 30 being changeable by changing the ratio of the diameters of the two V-pulleys.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the grass-cleaning blade shaft 30 is a double helix and has a plurality of plane curved blades arranged at equal intervals, when the whole machine advances and the frame driving wheel rotates counterclockwise, the grass-cleaning blade shaft 30 is driven to rotate clockwise, at the moment, the plane curved blades perform sliding cutting and forward throwing motions at the position close to the ground, the straw or stubble on the inner surface layer of the sowing belt is cut off and thrown to the two sides of the sowing belt under the action of the fertilizer furrow opener 6, the dry soil layer on the surface is broken, and the straw or stubble wound by the upright post of the fertilizer furrow opener 6 is removed, so that no blockage is caused. In the embodiment, the rotation direction of the grass cleaning cutter shaft 30 is set to be opposite to the direction of the driving wheel when the tractor moves forward, so that the straw, the root stubble and the soil block can be beaten for multiple times, the straw cleaning, stubble cleaning and soil crushing effects are good, and a good seedbed is conveniently created for seeds. Wherein, the reverse rotation speed of the grass-cleaning cutter shaft 30 is preferably not less than 380 m/min. The planar curved knives on the same grass-cleaning knife shaft 30 form a knife magazine 12.

In the embodiment, the floating type fertilizing mechanism comprises a single-arm profiling land wheel 13 which is a floating type fertilizing driving wheel; the driving chain wheel 46 on the driving wheel shaft 50 drives the bridging chain wheel 47 on the fertilizing driving wheel shaft 10 through chain transmission, the fertilizing driving chain wheel 9 coaxial with the bridging chain wheel 47 transmits power to the chain wheel on the fertilizing wheel shaft through a chain, so that the fertilizing power transmission in the fertilizer box 17 is completed, and the fertilizing driving wheel shaft 10 is installed through the driving wheel shaft bearing 48. The suspension wheel handle 49 of the single-arm profiling ground wheel 13 is coaxial with the fertilizing driving chain wheel 9, the chain connecting shaft seat is installed on the frame rear cross beam 34, the top end of the suspension wheel handle 49 is hinged with the chain connecting shaft seat through a hinge shaft and is connected with the frame through a tension spring, so that the single-arm profiling ground wheel 13 is always attached to the ground, the tension degree of the driving chain wheel cannot be changed no matter how the single-arm profiling ground wheel 13 floats, and the driving reliability of the single-arm profiling ground wheel 13 is effectively guaranteed. In the embodiment, a plurality of ground grabbing claws are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the rim of the single-arm profiling ground wheel 13, so that the slip rate is reduced, the miss-seeding is prevented, the power can be reliably transmitted to the transmission shaft of the fertilizer box through the transmission shaft, the chain wheel and the chain, and the fertilizer is applied to the position 7-10 cm under the seeds through the fertilizer conveying pipe and the fertilizer furrow opener 6. Under the traction of a tractor, a fertilizer discharging wheel shaft in the fertilizer box is driven to operate in a chain transmission mode, an outer grooved wheel fertilizer discharger is arranged on the fertilizer discharging wheel shaft and is positioned at the outlet of the fertilizer box, a fertilizer quantity regulator is installed at the other end of the fertilizer discharging wheel shaft, the working length of the outer grooved wheel can be changed by rotating the fertilizer quantity regulator, and therefore the fertilizer quantity regulation is achieved.

In this embodiment, the floating seeding mechanism is connected to the rear portion of the front beam 35 of the frame through the connecting pull rod 8, the front end of the connecting pull rod 8 can be wound around a pull rod shaft installed on the front beam through the connecting pull rod sleeve 43, and the rear end of the connecting pull rod is welded to the fixing frame of the floating seeding mechanism, so that the whole floating seeding mechanism can swing up and down around the pull rod shaft. A profile modeling spring seat 18 is arranged on the frame rear cross beam 34, a rotating shaft with a through hole in the middle is arranged at the top of the profile modeling spring seat 19, the through hole is suitable for the floating pull rod 19 to freely pass through, and the top end of the floating pull rod 19 passes through the rotating shaft with the hole and is locked and connected with the profile modeling spring seat 18 by a positioning pin; the bottom end of the floating pull rod 19 is connected with a floating pull rod lifting lug 21 on a longitudinal beam 23 of the sowing mechanism in a hinged mode, and the floating pull rod 19 can swing left and right around a suspension trunnion in the floating pull rod lifting lug 21. Meanwhile, the floating pull rod 19 is sleeved with a pressure spring 20, and the floating pull rod 19 can freely pass through the pressure spring 20; the top end of the pressure spring 20 is attached to the lower surface of the rotating shaft with a hole in the middle of the profile spring seat 18, and the bottom end of the pressure spring is locked on the floating pull rod 19 by a positioning pin so as to keep the compression state of the pressure spring 20, so that the floating pull rod 19 can float up and down along with the conditions of the ground. In this embodiment, the locking position of the spring positioning pin is preferably set when the pre-pressure of the pressure spring 20 reaches 15 KG. When the seeding mechanism works, when the press wheel rolls to a high surface layer, the fixed frame of the seeding mechanism pushes the floating pull rod 19 upwards, and when the pushing force is greater than the pressure of the pressure spring 20, the floating pull rod 19 moves upwards; when the press wheel rolls to a low surface level, the compression spring 20 is in the original state, and the floating pull rod 19 returns to the original position. The whole sowing mechanism floats along with the height fluctuation of the ground surface.

In this embodiment, the bottom of the contoured spring seat 19 is preferably mounted on the rear frame rail 34 by a "U" shaped clip, which is laterally adjustable. Specifically, the contoured spring seats 19 preferably project 10-20cm beyond the rear cross member.

In this embodiment, 4 groups of seed manure keep apart suppression moulding mechanisms interval equipartition, and all hinge in the suppression drive lug 24 of seeding mechanism longeron 23 lower part through hinge axis 26. Every kind of fertile moulding mechanism front portion of isolation suppression of group is provided with two kinds of fertile isolation wheels 11, and two kinds of fertile isolation wheels 11 distribute in the both sides of two disc seeding furrow openers 29, moulding drive wheel assembly of suppression is installed by the moulding left wheel 14 of suppression of rim area wedge face and the moulding right wheel 15 opposition of suppression and is formed "concave" type outer rim face, kind of fertile isolation wheel installation wheel fork 45 is fixed angle fixed mounting on hinge pin 26 with the moulding wheel installation wheel fork 44 of suppression, and all can float from top to bottom along with hinge pin 26. Wherein, the ratio of the length of the force arm of the seed fertilizer isolation wheel mounting fork 45 to the length of the force arm of the compacting shaping wheel mounting fork 44 is preferably 3: 8; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the length of the force arm of the seed and fertilizer isolation wheel mounting wheel fork 45, namely the distance between the seed and fertilizer isolation wheel 11 and the ground point to the center of the hinge shaft 26, is preferably 300mm, and the length of the force arm of the suppressing shaping wheel mounting wheel fork 44, namely the distance between the suppressing shaping wheel and the ground point to the center of the hinge shaft 26 is 800 mm. During operation, the seed manure isolation wheel 11 and the compacting shaping wheel assembly float up and down along with the ground surface condition by taking the hinge shaft 26 as the center. Drive soil and turn to upper portion and both sides under the effect of fertilization furrow opener 6, the fertile isolation wheel of seed 11 is floated around hinge pin 26 upwards under the drive of the soil that the fertilization furrow opener turned over to drive the moulding wheel assembly of suppression and press the area of sowing, meanwhile, the moulding wheel assembly of suppression again counteracts and drives the fertile isolation wheel of seed 11 and further crush the soil of fertilization furrow opener 6 turning out and push the straw on the earth's surface to both sides, realize the linkage function of fertile isolation wheel 11 and the moulding wheel assembly of suppression. This kind of fertile isolation suppression moulding mechanism has utilized lever principle, falls to the ground the soil compaction of furrow opener branch to both sides to middle compaction crushing after the seed, plays the suppression hack effect, plays the effect of apposition limit for depth simultaneously. The earth's surface after the moulding wheel suppression of foreign steamer reason "concave" type suppression forms "protruding" type cross-section, forms "lower actual seed overburden of virtual" in the upper portion, and the soil physics structure is broken on the virtual soil layer in upper portion, reduces the moisture evaporation, is favorable to keeping soil moisture content, does benefit to the seed and sprouts. The left wheel 14 and the right wheel 15 are of the same structure, the diameter is preferably 450mm, and the rim thickness is preferably 50 mm.

In this embodiment, the floating seeding mechanism is provided with a seed and fertilizer isolation and suppression shaping seed discharging driving device 25, which comprises a seeding driving wheel shaft 39 and a seeding driving sprocket 40 arranged on the seeding driving wheel shaft 39, the seeding driving sprocket 40 is in transmission connection with a gap bridge sprocket 41 on a hinge shaft 26 of the seed and fertilizer isolation and suppression shaping mechanism through a chain, the gap bridge sprocket 42 is coaxial with the gap bridge sprocket 41, and the gap bridge sprocket 42 is connected with a swing type precision seed discharging driving sprocket 27 of the seed discharging device through a chain to drive the seed discharging device 28. The seed metering device 28 is preferably a reciprocating swing type precision seed metering device, and mainly comprises: a reciprocating swing type seed fetching disc, a cam track groove 56, a seed box 22 and the like. The reciprocating swing type seed fetching disc mainly comprises a seed sowing spoon 16, a reciprocating swing type push block 53, a push block swing groove 32, a roller shaft 54, a roller 52 and the like; in the embodiment, preferably 18 seed metering scoops 16 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the rim of the seed metering disc, correspondingly, 18 pushing block swinging grooves 32 extending radially are circumferentially arranged on the seed metering disc, a reciprocating swinging type pushing block 53 is slidably mounted in each pushing block swinging groove 32, each reciprocating swinging type pushing block 53 corresponds to each seed metering scoop 16 one by one and is arranged in the same diameter, and a roller 52 is mounted at the bottom of each reciprocating swinging type pushing block 53 through a roller shaft 54. The center of the reciprocating swing type seed taking plate is provided with a seed feeding driving shaft sleeve 51 which is connected with a power input shaft, a driving chain wheel 27 is arranged on the power input shaft to drive the seed taking plate, and in the process, each roller 52 which is arranged in the circumferential direction reciprocates along the inner wall of the cam track groove 56 to drive the corresponding reciprocating swing type push block 53 to swing in the push block swing groove 32. When the roller 52 is compressed to the bottom (the radial inner top end) of the push block swing groove 32, the reciprocating swing type push block 53 is far away from the seed metering spoon 16, the spoon opening of the seed metering spoon 16 is opened, and the seed metering spoon 16 passes through the seed taking bin to take seeds along with the rotation of the seed taking plate; when the roller 52 of the reciprocating swing type push block 53 rolls to the cam groove contour line a1, the roller 52 drives the reciprocating swing type push block 53 to move outwards along the radial direction, and the top of the reciprocating swing type push block 53 gradually extrudes the redundant seeds in the seed sowing spoon 16 to the seed box 22 and only one seed is reserved in the seed sowing spoon; when the roller 52 rolls to the cam groove contour line a2 along with the rotation of the seed taking plate, the roller 52 is compressed to the top (radial inner top end) of the push block swing groove 32, and the reciprocating swing type push block 53 also reaches the top of the seed discharging spoon 16 to completely seal the spoon opening of the seed discharging spoon, so that the taken seeds are kept in the spoon; as the seed taking plate continues to rotate, when the roller 52 rolls towards the cam groove contour line a3, the roller 52 drives the reciprocating swing type push block 53 to gradually move towards the bottom of the push block swing groove 32, and the reciprocating swing type push block 53 and the spoon opening of the seed metering spoon 16 are gradually staggered and have larger and larger gaps; when the roller 52 rolls to the contour line a4 of the cam groove along with the rotation of the seed taking plate and the roller 52 of the reciprocating swing type push block 53 is compressed to the bottom of the swing groove 53, the reciprocating swing type push block 53 is completely staggered with the spoon opening, and seeds in the seed metering spoon 16 are discharged along the seed metering opening 56, thereby completing the whole process of seed taking, seed temporary storage and seed metering. The seeding quantity or the seeding plant spacing can be accurately adjusted by adjusting the rotating speed of the seed taking plate, the volume of the seeding spoon 16, the contour of the cam groove and other factors, and the requirements of different regions and varieties on the plant spacing are met.

In the embodiment, the floating seeding mechanism is pulled by a tractor, the pressing shaping wheel rolls tightly to the ground surface, and the precision seeding device is driven by the chain wheel on the driving wheel shaft to complete seeding operation. In this embodiment, the reciprocating swing precision seed metering device is provided with a discharge capacity adjusting device, and the seed metering amount can be adjusted by adjusting a gearbox shifting fork of the seed metering device.

In this embodiment, under the traction of a tractor, the compacting shaping wheel rolls on the ground surface, the seeding driving wheel shaft 39 rotates along with the compacting shaping wheel, the seeding driving sprocket 40 installed on the seeding driving wheel shaft 39 drives the gap bridge sprocket 42 on the hinge shaft 26 through a chain, and the gap bridge sprocket 41 drives the swing type precision seed metering driving sprocket 27, so that the seed metering device completes the whole processes of seed taking, locking and seed metering. The seed manure isolation and pressing shaping mechanism rolls in a seeding belt subjected to straw cleaning, fertilization and soil crushing to complete processes of ditching, seeding, pressing, shaping and the like.

The specific operation principle of the fertilizing and seeding machine of the embodiment is explained below.

During operation, the seeder is connected with the tractor through the three-point suspension and is pulled to advance by the tractor. The power output shaft of the tractor transmits the power to the gear box 7 through the universal joint shaft, the gear box 7 drives the grass cleaning cutter shaft 30 to reversely rotate relative to the whole advancing direction of the machine through a V-shaped belt, the plane curved knife performs sliding cutting and forward throwing motion at the position close to the ground, the straw or stubble on the inner surface layer of the seeding belt is cut off and thrown to the two sides of the seeding belt under the action of the fertilizing furrower 6, the dry and hard soil layer on the surface of the seeding belt is broken, and the straw or stubble wound by the upright post of the fertilizing furrower 6 is removed, so that the situation that blocking is avoided is ensured. Under the traction of a tractor, a suspended fertilizer applying mechanism connected with the frame starts to work, the fertilizer discharging device is driven to rotate through chain transmission, the outer grooved wheel fertilizer discharger on the fertilizer box 17 rotates to discharge fertilizer, the fertilizer quantity regulator is installed at the other end of the fertilizer discharging shaft, and the working length of the outer grooved wheel is changed through the rotating fertilizer quantity regulator to realize the regulation of the fertilizer quantity. Under the traction of the tractor, the floating seeding mechanism operates synchronously, the press driving wheel rolls tightly against the ground surface, and the seed sowing device 28 finishes the seed sowing operation through the driving of the chain wheel on the driving wheel shaft. Two disc seeding furrow opener 29 ditching and pushing back partial soil to ditch in base fertilizer second earthing simultaneously seeding guarantee kind fertile vertical spacing, two discs can push straw weeds open at the seeding in-process, directly sow the seed into soil, be favorable to creating good seedbed, seed manure isolation wheel 11 upwards floats around hinge pin 26 under the drive of the soil that fertilization furrow opener 6 turned, when driving the plastic wheel of suppression and sowing the suppression, the reaction drives the soil that seed manure isolation wheel 11 overturns of fertilization furrow opener 6 and further crushes and push the straw on the earth's surface to both sides again, realize the linkage function of seed manure isolation wheel 11 and the plastic wheel of suppression. This kind of moulding mechanism of suppression is kept apart to fertile has utilized lever principle, falls to the ground the soil of after the seed to the furrow opener branch both sides to middle compaction crushing, plays the suppression hack effect, plays the effect of apposition limit for depth simultaneously. The earth's surface after the moulding wheel suppression of foreign steamer reason "concave" type suppression forms "protruding" type cross-section, forms "lower actual seed overburden of virtual" in the upper portion, and the soil physics structure is broken on the virtual soil layer in upper portion, reduces the moisture evaporation, is favorable to keeping soil moisture content, does benefit to the seed and sprouts.

Therefore, the reciprocating swing type seed metering device of the fertilizing and seeding machine under the floating type cotton membraneless cultivation can realize the accurate adjustment of the hole grain number and the hole distance; the plane curved knife type seedling belt cleaning and anti-blocking device solves the problem of weed blockage; linkage type seed manure keeps apart moulding device of suppression, the seed manure isolation wheel is to plane curved knife after the seeding, the big clod that fertilization furrow opener ditching in-process formed, the crack, the virtual soil utilizes lever principle to extrude from seeding furrow opener both sides, the compaction forms the seedbed of virtual reality down, prevent the burning of fertilizer to the seed, when moulding wheel pair seeding row compaction of suppression, in the middle of the soil covering layer formation "protruding" that high both sides are low "virtual reality down" structure on "of" protruding "shape, do benefit to and keep soil moisture content. The utility model discloses a floating sowing mechanism of four groups is all through connecting the pull rod and floating from top to bottom around the frame front-axle beam, and the pull rod that floats is floating from top to bottom along with the height of seeding earth's surface after passing the profile modeling spring holder on the back beam, guarantees the dark uniformity of sowing in the complete machine breadth of broadcasting.

It should be noted that, as is obvious to a person skilled in the art, the invention is not limited to details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

The utility model discloses a concrete example is applied to explain the principle and the implementation mode of the utility model, and the explanation of the above example is only used to help understand the method and the core idea of the utility model; meanwhile, for the general technical personnel in the field, according to the idea of the present invention, there are changes in the concrete implementation and the application scope. In summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A floating type fertilizing and seeding machine for cotton film-free cultivation under seeds is characterized by comprising a rack, a power system, a grass cleaning mechanism, a fertilizing and ditching device, a floating type fertilizing mechanism, a floating type seeding mechanism and a seed and fertilizer isolation, pressing and shaping mechanism, wherein the grass cleaning mechanism, the fertilizing and ditching device, the floating type fertilizing mechanism, the floating type seeding mechanism and the seed and fertilizer isolation, pressing and shaping mechanism are arranged on the rack; the grass clearing mechanism is used for clearing grass and removing blockage and comprises a grass clearing cutter shaft and cutters arranged on the grass clearing cutter shaft; the fertilizing furrower is used for breaking stubble and furrowing; the floating fertilizer applying mechanism is used for discharging fertilizer into a fertilizer ditch after the fertilizer furrow opener ditches; the floating type seeding mechanism comprises a double-disc seeding furrow opener and a seed discharging device, the double-disc seeding furrow opener is used for pushing part of soil back into the fertilizer ditch, so that the base fertilizer is covered with soil and forms a seeding belt, and the seed discharging device is used for discharging seed into the seed bed; the moulding mechanism of suppression is kept apart to seed manure including the fertile isolation wheel of seed and with the moulding wheel of suppression of the fertile isolation wheel linkage of seed, the fertile isolation wheel of seed is used for after the seeding will the both sides in seeding area are smashed, the compaction forms the seedbed, moulding wheel of suppression is used for after the seeding with the row's compaction of seeding.

2. The floating cotton film-free cultivated seed and fertilizer drill of claim 1 wherein the power system includes a power source and a gearbox connected to the power source; the power input end of the grass cleaning cutter shaft, the floating type fertilizing mechanism and/or the floating type sowing mechanism is connected with the power output end of the gearbox.

3. The floating fertilizing and seeding machine under the cotton membraneless cultivation species of claim 1, characterized in that the knife is a plane curved knife, a plurality of the plane curved knives are arranged in a double helix and at equal intervals on the grass cleaning knife shaft.

4. The floating fertilizing and seeding machine under the cotton membraneless cultivation species of claim 1, characterized in that a depth limiting wheel is also arranged in front of the grass cleaning mechanism.

5. The floating fertilizing and seeding machine under the filmless cotton cultivation of claim 1, wherein the floating fertilizing mechanism comprises a fertilizer box and an outer sheave fertilizer discharger, the outer sheave fertilizer discharger is mounted at the outlet of the fertilizer box through a fertilizer wheel shaft; the fertilizer discharging wheel shaft is also provided with a fertilizer quantity regulator.

6. The floating type fertilizing and seeding machine under the cotton membraneless cultivation species as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the floating type fertilizing mechanism further comprises a single-arm profiling ground wheel and a driving sprocket mounted on the fertilizer discharging wheel shaft, the single-arm profiling ground wheel is in transmission connection with the driving sprocket; the periphery of the rim of the single-arm profiling land wheel is provided with a plurality of ground grabbing claws, and a lever arm of the single-arm profiling land wheel is connected with the rack through a tensioning spring.

7. The floating fertilizer drill under cotton membraneless cultivation of claim 1, characterized in that the floating seeding mechanism comprises a fixed frame, a floating pull rod, a seed metering device mounted on the fixed frame and a profiled spring seat detachably mounted on the frame; the fixed frame is hinged on the rack through a connecting pull rod; the top end of the floating pull rod is connected to the profiling spring seat, and the bottom end of the floating pull rod is hinged to the fixed frame; the floating pull rod is sleeved with a pressure spring, and the top end of the pressure spring is connected with the profiling spring seat and keeps a compressed state.

8. The floating fertilizing and seeding machine for cotton membraneless cultivation under, as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the seeding device comprises a reciprocating swing type seed picking disc, a cam track groove and a seed picking chamber; reciprocating swing type seed fetching disc includes rim plate and a plurality of distribution and is in the peripheral seed metering spoon of rim plate, be provided with a plurality of ejector pad swing grooves on the rim plate, slidable mounting has reciprocating swing type ejector pad in the ejector pad swing groove, be provided with on the reciprocating swing type ejector pad with the roller that cam track groove matches, the roller is in the cam track inslot along track inslot wall motion in-process, can drive reciprocating swing type ejector pad is in reciprocating swing in the ejector pad swing inslot.

9. The floating type cotton film-free cultivation under-seed fertilizing and seeding machine as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the seed and fertilizer isolation, pressing and shaping mechanism comprises a hinge shaft hinged to the bottom of the fixed frame, the seed and fertilizer isolation wheel and the pressing and shaping wheel are arranged in front and back, and the seed and fertilizer isolation wheel and the pressing and shaping wheel are both mounted on the hinge shaft through a wheel fork to form a lever structure; the seed manure isolation wheel with the installation fork of suppressing moulding wheel all through the spring with the mount is connected.

10. The floating type cotton cultivation under no membrane seed fertilizing and seeding machine of claim 9, characterized in that the ratio of the length of the arm of force of the mounting fork of the seed manure isolation wheel to the length of the arm of force of the mounting fork of the compacting shaping wheel is 3: 8.

Images