CN210725935U - Air-suction type no-tillage sorghum precision planter - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to an air-suction type no-tillage sorghum precision seeder, which belongs to agricultural machinery. A fertilizer box and a fan are fixed on the beam of the frame. The traveling wheel and the transmission main shaft are driven by chains. The fertilizer discharger and the transmission countershaft are connected by transmission, the stubble ripper is fixed at the lower end of the beam, and the four-bar profiling mechanism is connected to the rear side; there are grass scrapers and corrugated discs under the four-bar profiling mechanism; The rear of the profiling mechanism is fixed with a seed box, the outlet of the seed box corresponds to the seed inlet of the air suction seed metering device, and a depth-limiting wheel and a double disc opening are installed at the rear end of the four-bar profiling mechanism. Ditcher. The planter overcomes the problems of the existing sorghum planter, such as being restricted by the arable land environment, high seed breakage rate, seed leakage, inaccurate sowing amount, and poor seed filling effect during high-speed operation; Under the action, it not only reduces the damage to the seeds during the original mechanical seeding, but also ensures the accuracy of the seeding during high-speed operation.

Description

An air-suction type no-tillage sorghum precision seeder

technical field

The utility model belongs to agricultural machinery, in particular to an air-suction type no-tillage sorghum precision seeder.

Background technique

In recent years, in order to prevent air pollution and soil erosion of cultivated land, the state has banned the burning of straw and advocated the return of straw mulching to the field. As a result, the arable land is complex and covered with high straw residues, and the original ordinary seeder cannot work.

At present, the commonly used seeders for planting sorghum in the market are mechanical precision seeders. According to the working principle of the seed metering device, they can be mainly divided into rotating bin type, rotating spoon type, horizontal disc, etc. The working principle of the mechanical precision seeder: the seeds of different sizes are separated in the seed storage area, and then the seed metering device filling, carrying and dropping the seeds are completed by the self-weight of the seeds and mechanical assistance. However, its disadvantage is that the object of sowing is too limited by the influence of the geometric size of the seeds, it is only suitable for sowing crops with regular geometric shapes of seeds, and it is easy to cause serious damage to the seeds by squeezing them, resulting in low seed germination rate or lack of seedlings. phenomenon, not suitable for fast jobs in large-scale production.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The utility model aims at overcoming the deficiencies of the prior art, and provides an air-suction type no-tillage sorghum precision seeder.

The utility model relates to an air-suction type no-tillage sorghum precision seeder, comprising a frame, a traction frame, a fertilizer box, and a planting mechanism. wheel, more than one seeding mechanism is connected on the beam between the two vertical beams, and the seeding mechanism includes a fertilizer discharge mechanism, a stubble breaking mechanism and a seed discharge mechanism; the fertilizer discharge mechanism includes an outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharger, Fertilizer box, disc type stubble breaking ripper; the stubble breaking mechanism includes a corrugated disc and a grass-pulling wheel; the seed metering mechanism includes a seed box, an air suction type seed metering device, a double disc type opener, Depth-limiting wheel and V-shaped pressing wheel; fertilizer boxes are fixed on both ends of the beam at the front of the frame, and a fan is fixed in the middle. The connecting shaft of the traveling wheel is connected to the transmission main shaft through the chain I, and the transmission main shaft is respectively connected with the lower part of the fertilizer box. The outer groove wheel-type fertilizer discharger at the outlet is connected with the transmission countershaft under the beam, and the disc type stubble ripper is fixed at the lower end of the frame beam, and the fertilizer outlet pipe of the fertilizer box is placed in the disc type stubble ripper On the side beam, the rear side of the beam is connected with a four-bar profiling mechanism; under the four-bar profiling mechanism, a grass-removing wheel and a corrugated disc are sequentially installed from front to back; The support frame, on which the seed box is fixed, the outlet of the seed box corresponds to the seed inlet of the air suction seed metering device, and a depth-limiting wheel and a double circle are installed side by side at the rear end of the four-bar profiling mechanism Disc type opener, the seed outlet of the air suction type seed metering device is in a straight line with the double disc type opener, and the rear end of the double disc type opener and the depth-limiting wheel is connected to the repression through the support frame. wheel.

As a further improvement of the present utility model, the air-suction type seed meter is formed by fastening the left shell and the right shell with bolts, and the upper half of the left shell is provided with a groove to form a negative pressure chamber. The rubber pad is seated on the side port of the negative pressure chamber, and the seeding disc presses the rubber pad and is fixed to the left housing and the right housing through the seeding shaft; suction holes are evenly distributed on the seeding disc, outside the right housing There is a through hole, one end of the seed scraping plate is fixed with one end of the right casing, and its body is placed in the casing to abut against the seed metering disc; the transmission countershaft and the seed metering shaft on the seed metering disc are driven by a chain II phase.

As a further improvement of the utility model, a suction pipe is arranged in the negative pressure chamber, a seed particle inlet is arranged at the upper end of the casing, and a seed particle discharge outlet is arranged at the lower end of the casing.

As a further improvement of the present utility model, the air inlet of the fan is communicated with the air outlet of each air suction type seed metering device respectively through the air duct.

As a further improvement of the present utility model, the grass-pulling wheel and the corrugated disc are on the same straight line.

The air-suction type no-tillage sorghum precision seeder of the utility model overcomes the limitations of the existing sorghum seeder due to the arable land environment, high seed breakage rate, missed seed, inaccurate sowing amount, and poor seed filling effect during high-speed operation. At the same time, under the action of the air suction seed metering device, it not only reduces the damage to the seeds during the original mechanical seeding, but also ensures the accuracy of the seeding during high-speed operation; It has the advantages of good effect and high reliability. Through the use of no-tillage devices such as stubble openers and corrugated discs, the adaptability of the seeder to the sowing environment has been improved, and operations such as stubble loosening, lateral fertilization, precision seeding and suppression can be completed at one time. No-tillage, high speed, precision seeding, high reliability.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the top view of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is the side view of the present utility model;

Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are the structural representations of the seeding mechanism of the present utility model;

Figure 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the air suction type seed metering device.

Detailed ways

The air-suction type no-tillage sorghum precision seeder of the utility model comprises a frame, a traction frame, a fertilizer box, and a planting mechanism. The cross beam 1 at the front end of the frame is fixed with the traction frame 2, and the vertical beams on both sides of the frame are installed under the vertical beams. There are walking wheels 4, and more than one seeding mechanism is connected to the beam 1 between the two vertical beams. The seeding mechanism includes a fertilizer discharge mechanism, a stubble breaking mechanism and a seed discharge mechanism.

The fertilizer discharge mechanism includes an outer grooved wheel type fertilizer discharger 5, a fertilizer box 6, and a disc-type stubble-breaking ripper 7; It includes a seed box 10 , an air suction type seed metering device 11 , a double disc type opener 12 , a depth limiting wheel 13 and a V-shaped pressing wheel 14 .

A fertilizer box 6 is fixed on the two ends of the beam 1 at the front of the frame, and a fan 15 is fixed in the middle. The connecting shaft of the traveling wheel 4 is connected to the transmission main shaft 33 through a chain I16. The transmission main shaft 33 is located in the machine between the traction frame and the beam. On the frame, the transmission main shaft 33 is respectively connected with the outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharger 5 at the lower outlet of the fertilizer box 6 and the transmission secondary shaft 34 below the beam 1, and the disc type stubble ripper is fixed at the lower end of the frame beam 1 7, the fertilizer outlet pipe 17 of the fertilizer box 6 is placed on the side beam of the disc type stubble ripper 7, and the rear side of the cross beam 1 is connected with a four-bar profiling mechanism 18; Afterwards, the grass-removing wheel 9 and the corrugated disc 8 are installed in sequence, and the grass-removing wheel 9 and the corrugated disc 8 are on the same straight line.

A support frame 19 is connected to the rear and upper part of the four-bar profiling mechanism 18, and the seed box 10 is fixed on the support frame. The rear end of the four-bar profiling mechanism 18 is installed with a depth-limiting wheel 13 and a double-disc opener 12 side by side, and a pressing wheel is connected to the rear end of the double-disc opener 12 and the depth-limiting wheel 13 through a support frame. 14. The seed outlet of the air suction type seed metering device 11, the double disc type opener 12 and the pressing wheel 14 are in a straight line; the double disc type opener 12 and the disc type stubble ripper 7 are not in the same line in a straight line.

The utility model is aimed at the arable land environment covered by straw, so the sorghum planter must have anti-clogging components, so a pair of grass scraping wheels are installed behind the stubble breaker, the function of which is to clean the straw residue on both sides and prevent the opening of the stubble. Ditcher blocked. At the same time, a corrugated disc is designed as a stubble breaking mechanism, which is characterized by fast and effective stubble breaking and removal of residual straw and weeds. Because the no-tillage plot has not been prepared, there are many large and hard clods, and the random corrugated disc can also break the clods. When designing a seed trench opener, choose a double disc opener. The double-disc opener has less environmental requirements on cultivated land, and can work well on ordinary cultivated land that has been leveled by rotary tillage and no-tillage cultivated land with more straw coverage. That is to say, the ground is first ditched with a corrugated disc, and then a double-disc ditch opener is used to open the second ditch to open the seed ditch.

The air suction type seed metering device 11 is formed by the fastening of the left casing 20 and the right casing 21 with bolts 22. As shown in FIG. 5, a groove is formed in the upper half of the left casing 20 to form a negative pressure chamber. 23. The rubber pad 24 is seated on the side port of the negative pressure chamber 23, and a rubber ring 37 is embedded in the center of the left housing 20. The seeding disc 25 presses the rubber pad 24 through the seeding shaft 26 and the left housing 20 and the right housing. The body 21 is fixed as a whole; suction holes 27 are evenly distributed on the seed metering disc 25, the rear end of the suction holes 27 is communicated with the negative pressure chamber 23, a through hole 28 is opened outside the right casing 21, and one end of the seed scraping plate 29 It is fixed with one end of the right housing 21 by bolts 36, and its main body is placed in the housing to abut against the seed metering disc 25; the transmission countershaft 34 and the seed metering shaft 26 on the seed metering disc 25 are driven by the chain II 35 to drive The seeding disc 25 rotates. The negative pressure chamber 23 is provided with a suction pipe 30 , a seed inlet 31 is provided at the upper end of the housing, and a seed outlet 32 is provided at the lower end of the housing. The air inlets of the fan 15 are respectively communicated with the air outlets of each air suction type seed metering device 11 through air pipes. When working, the fan is connected to the suction pipe through a plastic hose, so that the suction chamber forms a negative pressure. The seed chamber communicates with the outside world, and the seed chamber is a normal atmospheric pressure environment. The sorghum seeds in the seed box fall into the seed filling area of the seeding tray, and the seeds are adsorbed to the seed suction holes in the inner and outer ring of the seeding tray under the action of negative pressure to complete the filling. The seed disc is driven to rotate by the chain drive, and the seeds arrive at the clearing area with the seed disc. Subsequently, the adsorbed seeds reach the seeding area under the action of continuous negative pressure, the negative pressure disappears, the seeds lose their adsorption force and are released under the action of gravity. The seeds fall into the curved seed tube under the action of their own gravity. The function of the curved seed guide tube is to guide the seeds. When the seeds slip from the tube, there will be a backward sub-speed. This sub-speed is offset with the forward and forward speed of the whole machine operation, so as to achieve zero-speed seed dropping and ensure the distance uniformity.

When the planter is working, it is connected with the tractor through the traction frame, the tractor walks forward, the walking wheel of the planter rotates, and the outer groove wheel type fertilizer discharger is driven by the chain drive, and the fertilizer falls to the disc type crusher through the fertilizer guide pipe. On the fertilization opening of the stubble ripper, the positive fertilization is completed. The opener is equipped with a pressure spring, and the pressure spring of the opener can be adjusted to adjust different fertilization depths. The weeds and straws are put down by the weed wheel, and then the stubble is chopped by the corrugated disc. When encountering large clods, it can also be chopped. The seed metering mechanism and the frame are connected by a four-bar profiling mechanism to ensure that the double disc opener can change with the terrain, and open a working seed trench with the same depth and depth. The left and right sides, which are oriented slightly backwards, have the effect of making the planting depth even. Achieve precision seeding. The fan is driven by the power output device of the tractor to rotate, and the fan transmits the wind power to the air suction seed metering device through the fan pipe to complete the work of seed suction and seed dropping. The soil is in close contact, which reduces the evaporation of water and can make the water in the lower soil rise. The loose soil is compacted, the porosity is moderate, and the bulk density is increased, which is conducive to the germination of seeds absorbing water.

Claims (5)

1. An air-suction type no-tillage sorghum precision seeder comprises a frame, a traction frame, a fertilizer box and a seeding mechanism, wherein a cross beam (1) at the front end of the frame is fixed with the traction frame (2), and walking wheels (4) are arranged below vertical beams at two sides of the frame, and the air-suction type no-tillage sorghum precision seeder is characterized in that more than one seeding mechanism is connected to the cross beam (1) between the two vertical beams, and each seeding mechanism comprises a fertilizer discharging mechanism, a stubble breaking mechanism and a seed discharging mechanism; the fertilizer discharging mechanism comprises an outer grooved wheel type fertilizer discharging device (5), a fertilizer box (6) and a disc type stubble breaking scarifier (7); the stubble breaking mechanism comprises a corrugated disc (8) and a grass poking wheel (9); the seed sowing mechanism comprises a seed box (10), an air suction type seed sowing device (11), a double-disc type furrow opener (12), a depth limiting wheel (13) and a V-shaped press wheel (14); a fertilizer box (6) is fixed at two ends of a cross beam (1) at the front part of the frame, a fan (15) is fixed in the middle of the cross beam, a connecting shaft of a travelling wheel (4) is in transmission connection with a transmission main shaft (33) through a chain I (16), the transmission main shaft (33) is in transmission connection with an outer grooved wheel type fertilizer distributor (5) at the lower outlet of the fertilizer box (6) and a transmission auxiliary shaft (34) below the cross beam (1) respectively, a disc type stubble breaking scarifier (7) is fixed at the lower end of the cross beam (1) of the frame, a fertilizer outlet pipe (17) of the fertilizer box (6) is arranged on a side beam of the stubble breaking scarifier (7) in a disc type, and the rear side of the cross beam (1; a grass poking wheel (9) and a corrugated disc (8) are sequentially arranged from front to back below the four-bar profiling mechanism (18); a supporting frame (19) is connected to the rear upper part of a four-rod copying mechanism (18), a seed box (10) is fixed on the supporting frame, a discharge port of the seed box (10) corresponds to a seed inlet (31) of an air-suction type seed metering device (11), a depth limiting wheel (13) and a double-disc type furrow opener (12) are arranged at the rear end of the four-rod copying mechanism (18) side by side, a seed outlet of the air-suction type seed metering device (11) is in a straight line with the double-disc type furrow opener (12), and a press wheel (14) is connected to the rear ends of the double-disc type furrow opener (12) and the depth limiting wheel (13) through the supporting frame.

2. The air-suction no-tillage sorghum precision seeder as recited in claim 1, characterized in that the air-suction seed metering device (11) is formed by fastening a left shell (20) and a right shell (21) with bolts (22), a groove is formed in the upper half part of the left shell (20) to form a negative pressure chamber (23), a rubber pad (24) is seated on the side opening of the negative pressure chamber (23), and a seed metering disc (25) presses the rubber pad (24) and is fixed with the left shell (20) and the right shell (21) into a whole through a seed metering shaft (26); suction holes (27) are uniformly distributed on the seed metering disc (25), a through hole (28) is arranged outside the right shell (21), one end of a seed scraping plate (29) is fixed with one end of the right shell (21), and the body of the seed scraping plate is arranged in the shell and is abutted against the seed metering disc (25); the transmission auxiliary shaft (34) is transmitted with a seed shaft (26) on the seed disk (25) through a chain II (35).

3. The air-suction type no-tillage sorghum precision seeder as recited in claim 2, wherein the negative pressure chamber (23) is provided with an air suction pipe (30), and a seed inlet (31) is provided at an upper end of the housing; a seed discharge port (32) is provided at the lower end of the housing.

4. The air-suction no-tillage sorghum precision seeder according to claim 2, wherein an air inlet of the fan (15) is respectively communicated with an air outlet of each air-suction seed metering device (11) through an air pipe.

5. The air-aspiration no-tillage sorghum precision seeder according to claim 1, wherein the weeding wheel (9) and the corrugated disc (8) are collinear.

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