CN111499887A - 一种抗菌除重金属的光触媒复合水凝胶 - Google Patents

一种抗菌除重金属的光触媒复合水凝胶 Download PDF

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CN111499887A
CN111499887A CN202010358476.8A CN202010358476A CN111499887A CN 111499887 A CN111499887 A CN 111499887A CN 202010358476 A CN202010358476 A CN 202010358476A CN 111499887 A CN111499887 A CN 111499887A
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种抗菌除重金属的光触媒复合水凝胶,为采用瞬间凝胶法合成的环糊精、纳米二氧化钛、丙烯酰胺共聚物复合水凝胶,具有三维网状结构,结构中含有大量螯合重金属离子的氨基、羧酸根和具有光触媒作用的纳米二氧化钛。所述的抗菌除重金属的光触媒复合水凝胶,能吸附水中的金属离子,且吸附效率高;在离子吸附领域、工业污水处理领域具有广泛的应用前景。

Description

一种抗菌除重金属的光触媒复合水凝胶
本发明是中国专利“一种基于环糊精的光触媒复合水凝胶及其制备方法”的分案申请,申请日为2017年11月27日,申请号为201711208765.4。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水凝胶膜,尤其涉及到一种抗菌除重金属的光触媒复合水凝胶,属于水处理技术领域。
技术背景
我国是一个水资源短缺的国家,人均水资源量仅为世界的1/4,而且水资源的分布严重不均,如何缓解水资源匮乏以及污染等问题已经成为一个刻不容缓的问题。重金属离子污染通过水体积累等方式对水环境及整个生态系统产生危害,并可通过直接接触或经食物链危及人类的身体健康。如何快速、高效去除水中重金属离子成为水污染控制研究领域的重大课题。
中国专利CN201410123913.2涉及一种用于污水处理的水凝胶及其制备方法,该水凝胶包括聚乙烯醇5-90份,壳聚糖5-90份,羧甲基纤维素钠0-20份,氧化石墨烯0.05-0.3份,海藻酸钠3-5份。本发明的水凝胶能够高效吸附水中重金属离子,具有高吸附容量、高选择性,可循环再生利用,生物可降解等特点。但是该方法制得的水凝胶水处理的综合性能差,容易被微生物等污染导致结构破坏,吸附量下降。
发明内容
为克服现有技术存在的金属离子吸附量小的缺点,本发明的首要目的旨在提供一种基于环糊精的光触媒复合水凝胶及其制备方法。
所述的一种基于环糊精的光触媒复合水凝胶,为具有三维网状结构的复合水凝胶,含有大量螯合重金属离子的氨基、羧酸根和具有光触媒作用的纳米二氧化钛,其制备方法如下:
a、含有双键的多氨基修饰的环糊精的制备:将5~10份环糊精分散至10~15份水中,然后向其中缓慢加入5~10份10%~15%强碱的水溶液至体系透明得溶液I;将对5~15份对甲苯磺酰氯、15~20份乙腈加入至反应器中,向其中逐滴滴加溶液I,0.5~1h滴加完毕,室温下继续反应3~5h,结束反应并抽滤,滤液置于冰箱中过夜,析出大量白色沉淀,抽滤得到白色固体,用水溶解白色固体,再抽滤、冷藏滤液析出大量白色沉淀,过滤、真空干燥后即得多-6-对甲苯磺酰基环糊精;将3~5份多-6-对甲苯磺酰基环糊精、15~20份多元胺溶解在20~30份偶极溶剂中,50~80℃下反应4~6h后,加入1~3份甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,继续反应2~4h,然后冷却至室温,加入20~30份甲醇,然后加入20~30份丙酮进行沉淀,抽滤得到白色固体,然后重复甲醇溶解、丙酮进行沉淀,即得含有双键的多氨基修饰的环糊精。
b、复合水凝胶的制备:称取15~20份丙烯酰胺、15~25份阴离子单体、5~10份交联单体、10~15份含有双键的多氨基修饰的环糊精、60~100份水、0.1~0.5份引发剂、0.5~1份还原剂加入至反应器中,搅拌溶解后加热至40~60℃继续反应3~5h,然后加入5~8份10~30%纳米二氧化钛溶胶,搅拌0.5~1h后冷却至室温,得复合液;将以上制备好的复合液采用注射器滴入3%氯化钙-硼酸饱和溶液中进行化学交联,制备成粒径大小为0.5~5mm球形颗粒水凝胶并浸泡24h,最后用去离子水冲洗3~6次自然干燥,即得本发明所述的基于环糊精的光触媒复合水凝胶。
所述的环糊精为α-环糊精、β-环糊精、γ-环糊精中的至少一种。
所述的强碱为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钡中的至少一种。
所述的偶极溶剂为二甲亚砜(DMSO)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基乙酰胺、六甲基磷酰胺中的至少一种。
所述的多元胺为乙二胺、1,6-己二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、四乙烯五胺、1,3-丙二胺、1,4-丁二胺中的至少一种。
所述的阴离子单体为丙烯酸钠、甲基丙烯酸钠、衣康酸二钠、富马酸二钠中的至少一种。
所述的所述的交联单体优选为N,N’亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、聚己内双甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇双甲基丙烯酸酯中的至少一种。
所述的引发剂为过氧化氢、叔丁基过氧化氢、过硫酸铵、过硫酸钾中的至少一种。
所述的还原剂为氯化亚铁、亚硫酸氢钠、次磷酸钠、吊白块、焦磷酸亚铁、硫酸亚铁中的至少一种。
一种基于环糊精的光触媒复合水凝胶的应用方法,能用于离子吸附领域、工业污水处理领域,去除水中的重金属。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下优点或有益结果:
(1)首次制备了含有双键的多氨基修饰的环糊精,共聚后所述的复合水凝胶三维结构中含有大量的多氨基修饰的环糊精,其螯合能力更强,因此所述的复合水凝胶对金属离子的捕捉更灵敏;(2)所述的复合水凝胶采用纳米二氧化钛改性,对可见光、紫外光吸收和转化,进而所述的复合水凝胶起到杀菌的作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本申请作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释相关发明,而非对该发明的限定。
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
实施例1
一种基于环糊精的光触媒复合水凝胶,为具有三维网状结构的复合水凝胶,含有大量螯合重金属离子的氨基、羧酸根和具有光触媒作用的纳米二氧化钛,其制备方法如下:
a、含有双键的多氨基修饰的环糊精的制备:将6份α-环糊精分散至12份水中,然后向其中缓慢加入8份13%氢氧化钾的水溶液至体系透明得溶液I;将对10份对甲苯磺酰氯、15份乙腈加入至反应器中,向其中逐滴滴加溶液I,0.5h滴加完毕,室温下继续反应4h,结束反应并抽滤,滤液置于冰箱中过夜,析出大量白色沉淀,抽滤得到白色固体,用水溶解白色固体,再抽滤、冷藏滤液析出大量白色沉淀,过滤、真空干燥后即得多-6-对甲苯磺酰基环糊精;将4份多-6-对甲苯磺酰基环糊精、20份乙二胺溶解在21份DMSO中,60℃下反应5h后,加入2份甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,继续反应2h,然后冷却至室温,加入30份甲醇,然后加入20份丙酮进行沉淀,抽滤得到白色固体,然后重复甲醇溶解、丙酮进行沉淀,即得含有双键的多氨基修饰的环糊精。
b、复合水凝胶的制备:称取16份丙烯酰胺、20份丙烯酸钠、8份N,N’亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、12份含有双键的多氨基修饰的环糊精、85份水、0.3份过氧化氢、0.6份吊白块加入至反应器中,搅拌溶解后加热至50℃继续反应5h,然后加入6份15%纳米二氧化钛溶胶,搅拌1h后冷却至室温,得复合液;将以上制备好的复合液采用注射器滴入3%氯化钙-硼酸饱和溶液中进行化学交联,制备成粒径大小为2.2~3mm球形颗粒水凝胶并浸泡24h,最后用去离子水冲洗4次自然干燥,即得本发明所述的基于环糊精的光触媒复合水凝胶。
实施例2
一种基于环糊精的光触媒复合水凝胶,为具有三维网状结构的复合水凝胶,含有大量螯合重金属离子的氨基、羧酸根和具有光触媒作用的纳米二氧化钛,其制备方法如下:
a、含有双键的多氨基修饰的环糊精的制备:将5份γ-环糊精分散至12份水中,然后向其中缓慢加入8份10%氢氧化钠的水溶液至体系透明得溶液I;将对15份对甲苯磺酰氯、18份乙腈加入至反应器中,向其中逐滴滴加溶液I,1h滴加完毕,室温下继续反应5h,结束反应并抽滤,滤液置于冰箱中过夜,析出大量白色沉淀,抽滤得到白色固体,用水溶解白色固体,再抽滤、冷藏滤液析出大量白色沉淀,过滤、真空干燥后即得多-6-对甲苯磺酰基环糊精;将5份多-6-对甲苯磺酰基环糊精、19份三乙烯四胺溶解在30份DMSO中,80℃下反应4h后,加入1.8份甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,继续反应4h,然后冷却至室温,加入30份甲醇,然后加入22份丙酮进行沉淀,抽滤得到白色固体,然后重复甲醇溶解、丙酮进行沉淀,即得含有双键的多氨基修饰的环糊精。
b、复合水凝胶的制备:称取20份丙烯酰胺、25份衣康酸二钠、6份N,N-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、12份含有双键的多氨基修饰的环糊精、90份水、0.1份过硫酸铵、0.5份氯化亚铁加入至反应器中,搅拌溶解后加热至40℃继续反应5h,然后加入8份15%纳米二氧化钛溶胶,搅拌0.6h后冷却至室温,得复合液;将以上制备好的复合液采用注射器滴入3%氯化钙-硼酸饱和溶液中进行化学交联,制备成粒径大小为4.5~5mm球形颗粒水凝胶并浸泡24h,最后用去离子水冲洗5次自然干燥,即得本发明所述的基于环糊精的光触媒复合水凝胶。
实施例3
一种基于环糊精的光触媒复合水凝胶,为具有三维网状结构的复合水凝胶,含有大量螯合重金属离子的氨基、羧酸根和具有光触媒作用的纳米二氧化钛,其制备方法如下:
a、含有双键的多氨基修饰的环糊精的制备:将7份β-环糊精分散至13份水中,然后向其中缓慢加入7份14%氢氧化钠的水溶液至体系透明得溶液I;将对9份对甲苯磺酰氯、20份乙腈加入至反应器中,向其中逐滴滴加溶液I,0.6h滴加完毕,室温下继续反应4.5h,结束反应并抽滤,滤液置于冰箱中过夜,析出大量白色沉淀,抽滤得到白色固体,用水溶解白色固体,再抽滤、冷藏滤液析出大量白色沉淀,过滤、真空干燥后即得多-6-对甲苯磺酰基环糊精;将3.6份多-6-对甲苯磺酰基环糊精、18份二乙烯三胺溶解在23份DMF中,65℃下反应5.5h后,加入2份甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,继续反应3h,然后冷却至室温,加入28份甲醇,然后加入22份丙酮进行沉淀,抽滤得到白色固体,然后重复甲醇溶解、丙酮进行沉淀,即得含有双键的多氨基修饰的环糊精。
b、复合水凝胶的制备:称取17份丙烯酰胺、25份富马酸二钠、10份聚己内双甲基丙烯酸酯、14份含有双键的多氨基修饰的环糊精、75份水、0.4份叔丁基过氧化氢、0.8份亚硫酸氢钠加入至反应器中,搅拌溶解后加热至55℃继续反应4h,然后加入6份25%纳米二氧化钛溶胶,搅拌1h后冷却至室温,得复合液;将以上制备好的复合液采用注射器滴入3%氯化钙-硼酸饱和溶液中进行化学交联,制备成粒径大小为2.5~3.5mm球形颗粒水凝胶并浸泡24h,最后用去离子水冲洗6次自然干燥,即得本发明所述的基于环糊精的光触媒复合水凝胶。
选用实施例中水凝胶与市售阴离子羧甲基壳聚糖水凝胶对不同浓度的Cu2+、Pb2+、Cd2+、Cr3+、Ni2+相同条件下做吸附性能测试。具体测试方法为称取一定质量的水凝胶,加入一定初始浓度重金属离子溶液中,测试吸附后浓度变化,计算出最大吸附容量。具体数据如下表:
Figure BDA0002474268770000071

Claims (10)

1.一种抗菌除重金属的光触媒复合水凝胶,其特征在于,所述的抗菌除重金属的光触媒复合水凝胶含有大量螯合重金属离子的氨基、羧酸根和具有光触媒作用的纳米二氧化钛,为具有三维网状结构的复合水凝胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌除重金属的光触媒复合水凝胶,其特征在于,所述的基于环糊精的光触媒复合水凝胶的制备方法,以质量份数计,步骤如下:
(1)称取15~20份丙烯酰胺、15~25份阴离子单体、5~10份交联单体、10~15份含有双键的多氨基修饰的环糊精、60~100份水、0.1~0.5份引发剂、0.5~1份还原剂加入至反应器中,搅拌溶解后加热至40~60℃继续反应3~5h,然后加入5~8份10~30%纳米二氧化钛溶胶,搅拌0.5~1h后冷却至室温,得复合液;
(2)将以上制备好的复合液采用注射器滴入3%氯化钙-硼酸饱和溶液中进行化学交联,制备成粒径大小为0.5~5mm球形颗粒水凝胶并浸泡24h,最后用去离子水冲洗3~6次自然干燥,即得基于环糊精的光触媒复合水凝胶。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗菌除重金属的光触媒复合水凝胶,其特征在于,所述的含有双键的多氨基修饰的环糊精的制备步骤如下:
(1)将5~10份环糊精分散至10~15份水中,然后向其中缓慢加入5~10份10%~15%强碱的水溶液至体系透明得溶液I;
(2)将5~15份对甲苯磺酰氯、15~20份乙腈加入至反应器中,向其中逐滴滴加溶液I,0.5~1h滴加完毕,室温下继续反应3~5h,结束反应并抽滤,滤液置于冰箱中过夜,析出大量白色沉淀,抽滤得到白色固体,用水溶解白色固体,再抽滤、冷藏滤液析出大量白色沉淀,过滤、真空干燥后即得多-6-对甲苯磺酰基环糊精;
(3)将3~5份多-6-对甲苯磺酰基环糊精、15~20份多元胺溶解在20~30 份偶极溶剂中,50~80℃下反应4~6h后,加入1~3份甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,继续反应2~4h,然后冷却至室温,加入20~30份甲醇,然后加入20~30份丙酮进行沉淀,抽滤得到白色固体,然后重复甲醇溶解、丙酮进行沉淀,即得含有双键的多氨基修饰的环糊精。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种抗菌除重金属的光触媒复合水凝胶,其特征在于,所述的环糊精为α-环糊精、β-环糊精、γ-环糊精中的至少一种;所述的强碱为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钡中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种抗菌除重金属的光触媒复合水凝胶,其特征在于:所述的偶极溶剂为二甲亚砜(DMSO)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基乙酰胺、六甲基磷酰胺中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种抗菌除重金属的光触媒复合水凝胶法,其特征在于:所述的多元胺为乙二胺、1,6-己二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、四乙烯五胺、1,3-丙二胺、1,4-丁二胺中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗菌除重金属的光触媒复合水凝胶,其特征在于:所述的阴离子单体为丙烯酸钠、甲基丙烯酸钠、衣康酸二钠、富马酸二钠中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗菌除重金属的光触媒复合水凝胶,其特征在于:所述的交联单体为N,N’亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、聚己内双甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇双甲基丙烯酸酯中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗菌除重金属的光触媒复合水凝胶法,其特征在于:所述的引发剂为过氧化氢、叔丁基过氧化氢、过硫酸铵、过硫酸钾中的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗菌除重金属的光触媒复合水凝胶法,其特征在于:所述的还原剂为氯化亚铁、亚硫酸氢钠、次磷酸钠、吊白块、焦磷酸亚铁、硫酸亚铁中的至少一种。
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