CN112023885B - 一种光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂及其制备方法和应用,属于材料合成技术领域;本发明中制备了一种吸附量大、吸附速度快的光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂,所述光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂是一种体型网状结构,网络结构由孔和改性环糊精交织而成,光催化剂通过接枝自由分散在网络结构中;所述光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂宏观上呈固体粉末状,不溶于水,分解温度250℃以上,在常温条件下易存储;所述光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂能够用于富集、降解对硝基苯酚。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料合成技术领域,具体涉及一种光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
目前,各种工业化有机污染物急剧增加,造成额外的污染问题,这些污染物包括农药、杀虫剂、各种化学溶剂、医疗药物及中间体、有机染料等种类繁多的有机化合物。它们大多具有较高的化学稳定性,难以自然分解,有着长期残留性、生物积累性和高毒性。
吸附剂具有简便易行、处理效果好、适用性广等优势,成为当前研究和应用非常广泛的污染处理技术之一。吸附剂因为不同的吸附原理分为活性炭吸附、碳纳米管吸附、生物质吸附、膜过滤、凝聚和絮凝、反渗透、浮选、电化学吸附。目前,有研究使用生物炭负载铁酸锰对水溶液中对氨基苯胂酸进行吸附,制备的材料虽然具有良好的分散性和磁选性,能实现在较低浓度下对污染物的选择吸附,但是吸附时间较长,且在高浓度的污染物中吸附量大大降低,对污染物的浓度选择性要求较高;还有研究利用石墨烯负载钴掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂快速降解甲苯,但它只研究了高浓度甲苯的降解效果,回收利用效果不佳。并且现有文献中,低浓度吸附大部分吸附时间高于6小时,吸附降解率低于80%,且吸附时间与降解率难以实现统一。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在不足,本发明提供了一种光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂及其制备方法和应用。本发明中通过对环糊精改性处理,将光催化剂与吸附剂相结合,制备得到了一种吸附量大、吸附速度快的光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂,该光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂在吸附降解污染物领域有着很好的应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明首先提供了一种光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂,所述光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂是一种体型网状结构,网络结构由孔和改性环糊精交织而成,光催化剂通过接枝自由分散在网络结构中;所述光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂宏观上呈固体粉末状,不溶于水,分解温度250℃以上,在常温条件下易存储。
本发明还提供了上述光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)MPS-TiO2的制备:
使用体积分数为5%甲烷磺酸活化二氧化钛,然后将活化后的二氧化钛在溶剂中超声溶解,然后滴加KH-570,在紫外光照下回流反应,抽滤、洗涤、50℃干燥,得到MPS-TiO2。
其中,二氧化钛,溶剂和KH-570的用量比为10-15g:200-210mL:30-32g,所述溶剂为蒸馏水、乙醇中的一种或两种混合,优选为体积比为1:4的水和乙醇混合溶液;所述回流反应的条件为70~75℃下反应7~8h。
(2)八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷的制备:
将三甲氧基硅氧烷溶于丙酮中,然后加入蒸馏水和浓酸,在室温下反应48-50h,过滤,60℃干燥得到八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷。
其中,三甲氧基硅氧烷,丙酮溶液,蒸馏水和酸的用量比为20-25g:200-205mL:39-40mL:34-36mL;所述浓酸为浓盐酸、浓硫酸中的一种或两种混合,优选为浓盐酸。
(3)改性环糊精的制备:
将环糊精溶于蒸馏水中,然后加入碱性化合物,混匀,接着在冰浴条件下滴加含甲苯磺酸酰氯的乙腈溶液,室温下反应2~3h,然后调节pH,85℃水浴重结晶两次,过滤,在60℃真空干燥到产物1;
将产物1与乙二胺混合,在70℃下反应4~5h,反应结束后旋蒸去除未反应的乙二胺,乙醇洗涤,然后60℃干燥得产物2;
将产物2、有机溶剂、脱水剂混合,先在10-15℃下添加丙烯酸反应30~35min,然后在室温反应8-10h,过滤、丙酮洗涤,最后在40℃干燥得到改性环糊精。
进一步地,环糊精、蒸馏水、碱性化合物、含对甲苯磺酰氯的乙腈溶液的用量比为30-32g:250-260mL:3-3.6g:25-30mL;所述含对甲苯磺酰氯的乙腈溶液中,对甲苯磺酰氯与乙腈的质量体积比为0.35-0.5 g/ml;产物1和乙二胺的质量体积比为0.14-0.2 g/ml;产物2、有机溶剂、脱水剂和丙烯酸的用量比为2-2.5g:20-25mL:0.36-0.38g:0.34-0.38g。
进一步地, 所述碱性化合物为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂中的一种或多种;所述有机溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃中的一种或两种;所述脱水剂为N,N-二环己基碳化亚胺、聚丙烯酰胺、氧化钙中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述有机溶剂为体积比3:2的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和四氢呋喃混合溶液;所述脱水剂为N,N-二环己基碳化亚胺。
(4)光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂的制备:
在有机溶剂中依次加入改性环糊精、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷、MPS-TiO2、致孔剂,室温下超声溶解,然后在惰性气体保护下70℃反应15min,接着加入热引发剂,在70~90℃反应8h,过滤、热乙醇洗涤,最后60℃干燥得到光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂。
进一步地,所述环糊精改性材料、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷、MPS-TiO2,有机溶剂,致孔剂的用量为0.23-0.78g:1-2g:0.092-0.125g:0.1-0.3g:6-10mL:0.1-0.3g:0.09-0.2g。
进一步地,所述有机溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃中的一种或两种混合;所述致孔剂为聚乙二醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、滑石粉、聚氨酯中的一种或多种;所述热引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异庚腈、过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化月桂酸。
进一步地,所述有机溶剂为体积比3:2的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和四氢呋喃混合溶液;所述致孔剂为聚乙烯醇。
本发明还提供了上述光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂在富集对硝基苯酚中的应用,以及所述光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂在富集对硝基苯酚中的应用。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明所制备的吸附剂,解决了大部分吸附剂在低浓度条件下难以吸附问题。工业上污染物低于5ppm符合排放标准,将本发明所制备的吸附剂与活性炭等现有的常见吸附剂结合使用,即可实现有效完全降解。现有文献中,低浓度吸附大部分吸附时间高于6小时,吸附降解率低于80%,且吸附时间与降解率难以实现统一。本发明的吸附在同等低于40mg/L的对硝基苯酚溶液中,吸附4-5小时后即可达到吸附平衡,属于较快吸附类型,吸附降解率达83%。
本发明中,利用孔型结构增大了比表面积,有利于吸附污染物;改性后的环糊精本身也具备较好的吸附效果。这是因为环糊精空腔利用它的外部亲水内疏水的结构,能够吸附污染物分子,且改性环糊精上的两个亚氨基也可以与对硝基苯酚上的硝基形成氢键吸附作用。
本发明所制备的光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂使用方法简单,吸附量大且吸附速度快。当光催化多孔吸附剂投入水中时,吸附剂中起吸附作用的孔和环糊精会在吸附剂内部形成局部高浓度,促进吸附剂中光催化剂的高效降解。并且该光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂将吸附和降解统一起来,除了能富集污染物还能将其集中降解,并且降解结束后,过滤淋洗即可再次回收利用。
附图说明
图1为八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷红外光谱图。
图2为改性环糊精过程的红外光谱图。
图3为光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂扫描电镜图,其中a中放大倍数30000倍,b中放大倍数60000倍。
图4为光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂吸附对硝基苯酚的吸附曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以及具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
实施例1:
(1)MPS-TiO2的制备:
将二氧化钛用5%的甲烷磺酸活化,取10g活化后的二氧化钛溶解于200mL体积比为1:4的水和乙醇混合溶液中,超声1h后,再缓慢滴加加入30g的KH-570,在70℃紫外光照回流反应8h,抽滤,丙酮洗涤50℃干燥得到MPS-TiO2。
(2)八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷的制备:
将20g的三甲氧基硅氧烷溶解于丙酮中,先缓慢加入39mL的水,然后加入34mL浓盐酸,在室温下反应48-50h后,在丙酮中重结晶,过滤,干燥得到白色的八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷。
(3)改性环糊精的制备:
取一个烧瓶将3g的β-环糊精溶解于25mL水中,将0.34g氢氧化钠溶于1mL的水缓慢加入烧瓶中,在冰水浴条件下,先将0.75g对甲苯磺酰氯溶解在1.5mL的乙腈中,缓慢滴加至烧瓶内,反应2.5h后调节PH为6,抽滤,85℃热水中重结晶两次后,60℃真空干燥得到白色产物1;将得到的产物1取2g与10mL的乙二胺在70℃反应4-5h,70℃旋蒸除去未反应的乙二胺,再用乙醇洗涤数次,60℃真空干燥后得到白色产物2;将得到的产物2取2g与0.36g的N,N-二环己基碳化亚胺溶解到20mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,在15℃滴加0.34g的丙烯酸,先反应30-35min,再在室温下反应8-10h,用丙酮洗涤数次,真空干燥后得到改性环糊精。
(4)光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂的制备:
量取12mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和8mL四氢呋喃加入烧瓶,依次加入改性环糊精0.38g、甲基丙烯酸甲酯1g、八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷0.0505g、MPS-TiO2 0.1g,0.22g的聚乙二醇4000,于室温下超声5min,然后在N2保护条件下70℃反应15min,加入0.367g的过硫酸铵和0.03g的偶氮二异丁腈70℃反应8小时,用热乙醇洗涤数次,60℃干燥得到光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂。
步骤(1)~(3)不分先后顺序。采用采用型号为Nicolet10的傅里叶红外变换光谱仪测定测定步骤(2)制得的八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷的红外光谱,从图1中可以看出,在1620cm-1处有在处有清晰的C=O伸缩振动峰,1722cm-1处有CH=CH2的伸缩振动吸收峰,说明偶联剂是否接枝成功。在1109cm-1处有Si-O-Si的伸缩运动,799cm-1 和580cm-1处有Si-C的伸缩运动,3068cm-1为C=C的伸缩运动,说明已合成八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷。
实施例2:
(1)MPS-TiO2的制备:
将二氧化钛用5%的甲烷磺酸活化,取12g活化后的二氧化钛溶解于210mL体积比为1:4的水和乙醇混合溶液中,超声1h后,再缓慢滴加加入31g的KH-570,在70℃紫外光照回流反应7h,抽滤,丙酮洗涤50℃干燥得到MPS-TiO2。
(2)八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷的制备:
将22g的三甲氧基硅氧烷溶解于205ml丙酮中,先缓慢加入40mL的水,然后加入35mL浓盐酸,在室温下反应49h后,在丙酮中重结晶,过滤,干燥得到白色的八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷。
(3)改性环糊精的制备:
取一个烧瓶将3.1g的β-环糊精溶解于26mL水中,将0.3g氢氧化钠溶于1mL的水缓慢加入烧瓶中,在冰水浴条件下,先将0.525g对甲苯磺酰氯溶解在1.5mL的乙腈中,缓慢滴加至烧瓶内,反应2.5h后调节PH为6,抽滤,85℃热水中重结晶两次后,60℃真空干燥得到白色产物1;将得到的产物1取2.2g与16mL的乙二胺在70℃反应4h,70℃旋蒸除去未反应的乙二胺,再用乙醇洗涤数次,60℃真空干燥后得到白色产物2;取2.3g 产物2、0.37g N,N-二环己基碳化亚胺溶解到22mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,在15℃滴加0.36g的丙烯酸,先反应30min,再在室温下反应9h,用丙酮洗涤数次,真空干燥后得到改性环糊精。
(4)光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂的制备:
量取12mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和8mL四氢呋喃加入烧瓶,依次加入改性环糊精0.306g、甲基丙烯酸甲酯1-1.2g、八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷0.0252g、MPS-TiO2 0.1g以及0.931g的聚乙二醇4000于室温下超声5min;然后在N2保护条件下70℃反应15min,加入0.2g的过硫酸铵和0.03g的偶氮二异丁腈,70℃反应8小时后,用热乙醇洗涤数次,60℃干燥得到光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂。
步骤(1)~(3)不分先后顺序。测定步骤(3)制得的改性环糊精的红外光谱,从图1中可以看出,位于1368cm-1和 1170 cm-1处β-6-OTs 的特征 吸收谱带均消失,表明化合物已由β-CD-6-OTs转化为β-CD-6-E;1643 cm-1 是由酰胺的C = O伸缩振动产生的,1556cm-1 是由 N-H 弯曲振动和C-N伸缩振动组合吸收产生的,1636cm-1为C = C伸缩振动吸收峰。由此可见,β-CD-6-EA 已由 β-CD-6-E 酰化得到。
实施例3:
(1)MPS-TiO2的制备:
将二氧化钛用5%的甲烷磺酸活化,取15g活化后的二氧化钛溶解于210mL体积比为1:4的水和乙醇混合溶液中,超声1h后,再缓慢滴加加入32g的KH-570,在70℃紫外光照回流反应8h,抽滤,丙酮洗涤50℃干燥得到MPS-TiO2。
(2)八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷的制备:
将25g的三甲氧基硅氧烷溶解于205ml丙酮中,先缓慢加入40mL的水,然后加入36mL浓盐酸,在室温下反应48h后,在丙酮中重结晶,过滤,干燥得到白色的八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷。
(3)改性环糊精的制备:
取一个烧瓶将3.2g的β-环糊精溶解于26mL水中,将0.36g氢氧化钠溶于1mL的水缓慢加入烧瓶中;在冰水浴条件下,先将0.675g对甲苯磺酰氯溶解在1.5mL的乙腈中,然后将混合溶液缓慢滴加至烧瓶内,反应2.5h后调节PH为6,抽滤,85℃热水中重结晶两次后,60℃真空干燥得到白色产物1;将得到的产物1取2g与10mL的乙二胺在70℃反应5h,70℃旋蒸除去未反应的乙二胺,再用乙醇洗涤数次,60℃真空干燥后得到白色产物2;将得到的产物2取2g与0.36g的N,N-二环己基碳化亚胺溶解到20mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,在15℃滴加0.34g的丙烯酸,先反应30-35min,再在室温下反应10h,用丙酮洗涤数次,真空干燥后得到改性环糊精。
(4)光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂的制备:
量取12mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和8mL四氢呋喃加入烧瓶,依次加入改性环糊精0.097g、甲基丙烯酸甲酯1g、八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷0.151g、MPS-TiO2 0.1g以及0.189g的聚乙二醇4000于室温下超声5min;在N2保护条件下70℃反应15min,加入0.367g的过硫酸铵和0.03g的偶氮二异丁腈,70℃反应8小时后,用热乙醇洗涤数次,60℃干燥得到光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂。
步骤(1)~(3)不分先后顺序。用型号为JSM-7800的扫描电子显微镜,考察样品的表观形貌,图3为光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂孔状分布图。从图中可以看出,光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂孔径大至分布为100nm-1µm大小不一的孔,所制备的孔特征为外部孔大内部孔小。外部孔大,可以实现与污染物的充分接触,保证污污染物分子达到吸附剂的内部,内部孔小,能够实现污染物分子在吸附剂内部短暂停留,有利于吸附剂的吸附降解。
实施例4:
本实施例考察了制备得到的光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂吸附降解能力,吸附降解测试操作方法如下:用型号为UV-2800的紫外可见光度分析仪,分别测定浓度1、5、10、15、20、30mg/L的对硝基苯酚特征峰所对应的吸光度,标准曲线拟合,得A=0.06778C,根据Qe=,求得平衡吸附量。
A:特征峰对应的吸光度;C:浓度,mol/L
Qe:平衡吸附量,mg/g
C0:初始浓度,mol/L
Ce:平衡吸附浓度,mol/L
V:污染物的体积,L
M:所加吸附剂量,g
取20ml 浓度为20mg/L的对硝基苯酚,向其中加入0.01g本发明制备的光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂在紫外光照射下进行吸附。图4为光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂吸附对硝基苯酚的吸附曲线图。从图中可以看出,本发明的吸附在同等低于40mg/L的对硝基苯酚溶液中,吸附4-5小时后即可达到吸附平衡,属于较快吸附类型,吸附降解率达83%。并且,与同等量MPS-TiO2和改性环糊精在20mg/L对硝基苯酚的吸附情况对比,本吸附剂远优于任一单独组分的吸附效果。将吸附后的吸附剂从溶液中过滤分离出来,用少量的有机溶剂淋洗后,干燥即可再次回收利用。
所述实施例为本发明的优选的实施方式,但本发明并不限于上述实施方式,在不背离本发明的实质内容的情况下,本领域技术人员能够做出的任何显而易见的改进、替换或变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
在有机溶剂中依次加入改性环糊精、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、八乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷、MPS-TiO2和致孔剂,室温下超声溶解,然后在惰性气体保护下70℃下反应15min,接着加入热引发剂并在70~90℃反应8h,过滤、热乙醇洗涤,最后60℃干燥得到光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂;
所述改性环糊精的制备方法为:
将环糊精溶于蒸馏水中,然后加入碱性化合物,混匀,接着在冰浴条件下滴加含甲苯磺酸酰氯的乙腈溶液,室温下反应2~3h,然后调节pH,85℃水浴重结晶两次,过滤,在60℃真空干燥到产物1;将产物1与乙二胺混合,在70℃下反应4~5h,反应结束后旋蒸去除未反应的乙二胺,乙醇洗涤,然后60℃干燥得产物2;将产物2、有机溶剂、脱水剂混合,先在10-15℃下添加丙烯酸反应30~35min,然后在室温反应8-10h,过滤、丙酮洗涤,最后在40℃干燥得到改性环糊精。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃中的一种或两种混合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为体积比3:2的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和四氢呋喃混合溶液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述致孔剂为聚乙二醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮中的一种或两种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述致孔剂为聚乙烯醇。
6.根据权利要求1所述的光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述热引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异庚腈、过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化月桂酸。
7.权利要求1~6任一项所述方法制备的光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂,其特征在于,所述光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂是体型网状结构,所述体型网络结构由孔和改性环糊精交织而成,MPS-TiO2通过接枝自由分散在网络结构中。
8.权利要求7所述的光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂在富集对硝基苯酚中的应用。
9.权利要求7所述的光催化多孔环糊精吸附剂在降解对硝基苯酚中的应用。
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