CN111492782A

CN111492782A - Harvesting device

Info

Publication number: CN111492782A
Application number: CN202010467461.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 闫洪余; 刘枫; 孔令有; 刘文亮; 彭飞; 李健; 张亮; 王新阳; 姜彩宇; 文正彪; 胡浩; 付家庆; 董润坚; 王婧; 肖戟; 刘文丛; 王维
Original assignee: Jilin Academy of Agricultural Machinery
Current assignee: Jilin Academy of Agricultural Machinery
Priority date: 2020-05-28
Filing date: 2020-05-28
Publication date: 2020-08-07

Abstract

The invention relates to a harvesting device, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a harvesting device capable of harvesting root crops; the harvesting device is composed of a machine frame, a harvesting roller, a comb plate, a soil shifting roller, a flow guide cover plate and a gearbox which are sequentially arranged on the machine frame from bottom to top. The harvesting device is half buried in soil through a comb type harvesting roller, granular block-shaped soil, crop roots and the like are fished out of sandy soil in a reverse milling and strainer fishing mode, and the granular block-shaped soil, the crop roots and the like enter an elevating net chain under the combined action of a flow guide cover plate, a comb plate and a soil poking roller. The invention greatly reduces the excavation amount of sandy soil, lightens the workload of a subsequent lifting separation mechanism, and can work under severe working conditions of wet heavy soil, high-viscosity soil and the like.

Description

Harvesting device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a harvesting device capable of harvesting root crops.

Background

At present, the domestic harvesting machinery for rhizome crops mainly adopts an operation mode of a digging shovel and a chain type lifting and separating mechanism. The mechanical excavating machine has large soil excavating amount and large power consumption, and simultaneously increases larger workload for the subsequent lifting separation mechanism. Is suitable for harvesting crops such as potatoes, ginseng and the like which have large somatotype, dry soil and easy separation. When crops such as cyperus esculentus, allium macrostemon and the like with small granularity and difficult separation and traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as fritillaria, panax notoginseng and the like with small heads and deep burial are harvested, the digging part is required to have a certain forced separation function so as to overcome the operation under the severe working condition and simultaneously reduce the workload of a subsequent lifting separation mechanism.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a harvesting device, which aims to solve the technical problems that crops with smaller granularity and difficult separation are difficult to separate, and digging parts are required to have certain separation when Chinese medicinal materials with small heads and deep burial are harvested.

In order to achieve the above object, a specific technical solution of a harvesting apparatus of the present invention is as follows:

a harvesting device comprises a rack, wherein a harvesting roller, a comb plate, a soil shifting roller, a flow guide cover plate and a gearbox assembly are sequentially arranged on the rack from bottom to top, the harvesting roller comprises a plurality of soil shifting plates, the soil shifting plates are sleeved on a main shaft assembly at equal intervals, and screened fruit grain roots and stems are fished from bottom to top by adopting a reverse milling mode;

the comb plate comprises a plurality of comb teeth matched with the soil lifting plate, the soil shifting roller is positioned above the comb plate, the harvesting roller and the soil shifting roller are both connected with the gearbox assembly, and the soil shifting roller and the harvesting roller rotate reversely and are matched with each other;

the flow guide plate is arranged in front of the pulling roll

Furthermore, a plurality of soil lifting plates are sleeved on the main shaft assembly, are arranged in a spiral line and are separated by spacer bushes;

and a power input end spline of the main shaft component is fixedly provided with a harvesting roller chain wheel, and the harvesting roller chain wheel is connected with the gearbox assembly through a chain.

Furthermore, one end of the shaft of the main shaft assembly is provided with a stop washer and a round nut, two ends of the main shaft assembly are respectively sleeved with a bearing and a bearing box, and the left bearing box and the right bearing box are fixedly arranged on left and right side plates of the rack through bolts.

Further, the main shaft assembly is formed by welding shaft heads at two ends of a square pipe; the soil lifting plate is a plate-shaped object with a square hole in the middle and multiple teeth distributed on the outer circumference at equal intervals.

Furthermore, the comb plate comprises comb teeth, a plurality of comb teeth are welded on the vertical plate at equal intervals, and connecting plates are welded at two ends of the vertical plate; the connecting plate is fixedly arranged on the rack;

the space between the comb teeth is consistent with that of the soil lifting plates, the comb teeth correspondingly extend into the soil lifting plates and are positioned on the upper part of the main shaft assembly, and the front ends of the comb teeth are pressed on the spacer sleeves.

Further, the soil shifting roller comprises a soil shifting roller shaft assembly, a soil shifting tooth row and a soil shifting roller chain wheel; the soil shifting tooth row is detachably arranged on the soil shifting roller shaft assembly, one end of the soil shifting roller shaft assembly is sleeved with a soil shifting roller chain wheel, and the soil shifting roller chain wheel is connected with a gearbox assembly through a chain;

the soil-shifting tooth row is a long strip plate with a plurality of equidistant grids.

Furthermore, the frame is formed by assembling and welding the longitudinal beams, the cross beams, the stand columns and the left and right side plates into a frame structure, a plurality of groups of connecting holes are formed in the left and right side plates, and a gearbox assembly is fixedly mounted on one side of the top of the frame.

Furthermore, an upper suspension arm oblique beam and an upper suspension fork plate are welded in the middle of the rear cross beam of the rack; two groups of front suspension fork plates are welded on the front cross beam of the rack;

each fork plate is provided with an upper group of upper through holes and a lower group of lower through holes, a long pin shaft penetrates through the lower through holes, a through hole is formed in the exposed cantilever of the long pin shaft, the through hole is sleeved with one end of a suspender, a pressure spring is sleeved outside the suspender, and the upper end of the pressure spring is pressed on the long pin shaft;

the other end of the suspender is rotatably connected with the flow guide cover plate.

Furthermore, the back of the flow guide cover plate is arc-shaped, the lower frame is folded into a triangular or oval cavity, circular pipes are welded at two ends of the upper edge and matched with two groups of welded pipes on the rack, and pin shafts are inserted to form hinges;

the back of the flow guide cover plate is provided with arc-shaped reinforcing ribs, the middle two groups of arc-shaped reinforcing ribs are paired, round through holes are formed in the arc-shaped reinforcing ribs, pin shafts are arranged in the round through holes, and hanging rods are sleeved on the pin shafts.

Further, the gearbox assembly comprises a box body, wherein an input bevel gear shaft, an output gear shaft I and an output gear shaft II are arranged in the box body;

an input bevel gear is fixedly mounted on the input bevel gear shaft, the input bevel gear is meshed with an output bevel gear, and the output bevel gear is fixedly mounted at the inner end of an output gear shaft I; an output straight gear I is fixedly arranged on the output gear shaft I, the output straight gear I and the output straight gear II are mutually meshed in the box body, and the output straight gear II is fixedly arranged on the output gear shaft II;

the outer end part of the output gear shaft I is fixedly connected with an output chain wheel I, the outer end part of the output gear shaft II is fixedly connected with an output chain wheel II, and the output chain wheel II and the output chain wheel I are positioned on the same side;

the output chain wheel I is connected with a harvesting roller chain wheel fixedly arranged at the end of the harvesting roller shaft through a chain, and the output chain wheel II is connected with a soil shifting roller chain wheel fixedly arranged at the end of the soil shifting roller shaft through a chain.

The harvesting device of the invention has the following advantages: the method has the characteristics of small power consumption and strong separation capability, and can harvest root crops under the severe working condition of moist and heavy soil;

a harvesting device is characterized in that a comb-type harvesting roller is semi-buried in soil, granular block-shaped soil, crop roots and the like are fished out of sandy soil in a reverse milling and strainer fishing mode, and enter an elevating net chain under the combined action of a flow guide cover plate, a comb plate and a soil poking roller. Greatly reduces the excavation amount of sandy soil, lightens the workload of a subsequent lifting separation mechanism, and can work under severe working conditions of wet heavy soil, high-viscosity soil and the like.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a harvesting apparatus according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a capture device of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a frame and a deflector plate of a harvesting device according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of a catch roll of a catch apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a spindle assembly of a harvesting apparatus of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a soil lifting plate of a lifting device of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a comb plate of a harvesting device of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a soil shifting roller of a harvesting device of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a soil-shifting roller shaft of a harvesting device according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a transmission assembly of a launch device of the present invention.

The notation in the figure is: 1. a frame; 2. a draft shield plate; 3. a comb plate; 4. a soil shifting roller; 5. a gearbox assembly; 6. a harvesting roller; 7. a boom; 8. a spindle assembly; 9. a soil lifting plate; 10. a spacer sleeve; 11. a round nut; 12. a bearing; 13. a bearing cartridge; 14. a pull-up roller sprocket; 15. comb teeth; 16. a vertical plate; 17. a connecting plate; 18. a soil shifting roller shaft assembly; 19. soil shifting tooth rows; 20. a mandrel; 21. a vertical plate with holes; 22. a pedestal bearing; 23. a soil shifting roller chain wheel; 24. a box body; 25. inputting a bevel gear shaft; 26. an input bevel gear; 27. an output bevel gear; 28. outputting a straight gear I; 29. an output gear shaft I; 30. an output sprocket I; 31. an output sprocket II; 32. outputting a straight gear II; 33. an output gear shaft II; 34. a long pin shaft; 35. a pressure spring; 36. the forward direction.

Detailed Description

For a better understanding of the objects, structure and function of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the harvesting device comprises a frame 1, a draft shield plate 2, a gearbox assembly 5, a harvesting roller 6, a comb plate 3 and a soil shifting roller 4, wherein the harvesting roller 6, the comb plate 3, the soil shifting roller 4, the draft shield plate 2 and the gearbox assembly 5 are sequentially arranged on the frame 1 from bottom to top to form the harvesting device.

As shown in fig. 3, the frame 1 is formed by assembling and welding longitudinal beams, cross beams, upright columns, left and right side plates to form a frame structure, the left and right side plates are provided with a plurality of groups of connecting holes, a gearbox assembly 5 is fixedly arranged on one side of the top of the frame 1, the frame 1 adopts a three-point suspension mode, and an upper suspension arm oblique beam and an upper suspension fork plate are welded in the middle of a rear cross beam; two groups of front suspension fork plates are welded on the front cross beam, each fork plate is provided with an upper group of first through holes and a lower group of first through holes, a long pin shaft 34 penetrates through the lower through holes and is also used as a spring seat, a through hole is formed in the position, exposed out of a cantilever, of the long pin shaft 34, a suspender 7 penetrates through the lower through holes, a pressure spring 35 is sleeved outside the suspender 7, and the upper end of the pressure spring 35 is pressed on the long pin shaft 34.

The deflector plate 2 is positioned in front of the pulling roll 6 and used for ensuring the flowing direction of materials and preventing the materials from moving randomly, the deflector plate 2 is made of thin steel plates, a plurality of arc reinforcing rib plates are welded on the arc back, the lower frame is folded into a triangular or elliptical cavity, round tubes are welded at two ends of the upper edge and matched with two groups of welded tubes on the frame 1, and a pin shaft is inserted to form a fold; round through holes are formed in the middle two groups of paired arc reinforcing rib plates, pin shafts penetrate through the round through holes, and the hanging rods 7 are coaxially sleeved.

As shown in fig. 4, the harvesting roller 6 comprises a main shaft assembly 8, a soil lifting plate 9, a spacer sleeve 10, a round nut 11, a stop washer, a bearing 12, a bearing box 13 and a harvesting roller chain wheel 14. The soil lifting plates 9 are sleeved on the square tube of the main shaft assembly 8 and are arranged at equal intervals according to a spiral line and are separated by a spacer sleeve 10, a stop washer and a round nut 11 are arranged at one end of the shaft, a bearing 12 and a bearing box 13 are respectively sleeved at two ends of the main shaft assembly 8, a power input end spline of the main shaft assembly 8 is fixedly provided with a lifting roller chain wheel 14, the soil lifting plates 9 are arranged in the spiral line mode, and step-by-step soil entering can be achieved to reduce resistance. The left bearing box and the right bearing box 13 are fixedly arranged on left and right side plates of the frame 1 through bolts, the harvesting roller 6 forcibly rotates to shovel soil, and screened fruit grain roots and stems are fished from bottom to top in a reverse milling mode. As shown in fig. 5, the spindle assembly 8 is formed by welding spindle heads to both ends of a square tube. As shown in fig. 6, the soil-raising plate 9 is a plate-shaped object with a square hole in the middle and multiple teeth arranged equidistantly on the outer circumference.

As shown in fig. 7, the comb plate 3 is formed by welding a plurality of long arc-shaped comb teeth 15 on two vertical plates 16 at equal intervals, and connecting plates 17 are welded at two ends of the two vertical plates 16. Two connecting plates 17 are fixedly arranged on the left side plate and the right side plate of the frame 1 through bolts, the distance between the comb teeth 15 of the comb plate 3 is consistent with the distance between the soil lifting plates 9 sleeved on the lifting roller 6, the comb teeth 15 correspondingly extend into the soil lifting plates 9 and are positioned on the upper part of the main shaft assembly 8, and the front ends of the comb teeth 15 are pressed on the spacer bushes 10. When the harvesting roller 6 rotates reversely, the comb teeth 15 can remove the carried objects between the soil-lifting plates 9.

As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the soil-shifting roller 4 comprises a soil-shifting roller shaft assembly 18, a soil-shifting tooth row 19, a bearing with a seat 22 and a soil-shifting roller chain wheel 23. The soil-shifting roller shaft assembly 18 is formed by welding a plurality of uniformly distributed vertical plates 21 with holes on a mandrel 20. The soil-shifting tooth row 19 is a long strip plate with a plurality of equidistant grids and is provided with mounting holes. The soil shifting tooth row 19 is fixedly arranged on a vertical plate 21 of the soil shifting roller shaft assembly 18 through bolts. The left and right belt seat bearings 22 sleeved on the soil shifting roller 4 are fixedly arranged on the frame 1 through bolts, the soil shifting roller 4 is positioned above the comb plate 3, and the soil shifting roller 4 and the harvesting roller 6 rotate reversely.

As shown in fig. 10, the transmission assembly 5 includes a casing 24, an input bevel gear shaft 25, an input bevel gear 26, an output bevel gear 27, an output spur gear I28, an output gear shaft I29, an output sprocket I30, an output sprocket II31, an output spur gear II32, and an output gear shaft II 33. The input bevel gear shaft 25, the output bevel gear shaft I29 and the output bevel gear shaft II33 are sleeved in the box body 24, wherein an input bevel gear 26 fixedly mounted on the input bevel gear shaft 25 is meshed with an output bevel gear 27, and the output bevel gear 27 is fixedly mounted at the inner end of an output bevel gear shaft I29; the output spur gear I28 and the output spur gear II32 are meshed with each other in the box body 24, wherein the output spur gear I28 is fixedly arranged on the output gear shaft I29, and the output spur gear II32 is fixedly arranged on the output gear shaft II 33. An output chain wheel I30 is fixedly arranged at the outer end part of an output gear shaft I29, an output chain wheel II31 is fixedly arranged at the outer end part of an output gear shaft II33, and the output chain wheel II31 and the output chain wheel I30 are positioned on the same side. The output chain wheel I30 is connected with a harvesting roller chain wheel 14 fixedly arranged at the shaft end of the harvesting roller 6 through a chain, and the output chain wheel II31 is connected with a soil shifting roller chain wheel 23 fixedly arranged at the shaft end of the soil shifting roller 4 through a chain.

The working principle of the harvesting device is as follows:

the harvesting device is hung behind a tractor, rotary digging power is provided by an input bevel gear shaft 25 of a gearbox driven by a rear output shaft of the tractor through a universal transmission shaft, and the power is decomposed into two branches in the gearbox through a pair of bevel gears and a pair of straight gears; the first branch is driven by an output chain wheel I30 through a chain to drive a pulling roll chain wheel 14 fixedly arranged at the end of a pulling roll shaft, and the pulling roll 6 is driven to rotate reversely (the rotating direction is opposite to that of the main wheel); the second branch is connected with a soil shifting roller chain wheel 23 fixedly arranged at the shaft end of the soil shifting roller 4 through an output chain wheel II31 by a chain, and drives the soil shifting roller 4 to rotate, and the rotating direction of the second branch is opposite to that of the harvesting roller 6. When the hydraulic suspension type soil-working device works, firstly, the harvesting device is started to rotate, then the hydraulic suspension is controlled to enable the harvesting device to descend, so that the harvesting rollers slowly enter the soil and keep a certain embedding depth, and finally, the tractor is started to advance at a slow gear; at the moment, the harvesting roller 6 carries out shoveling work in a reverse milling mode, the soil-lifting plate 9 buried under the soil is similar to a comb type, granular block-shaped soil, crop roots and the like are fished out of sandy soil, under the cooperation of the flow guide cover plate 2, a plurality of fished objects are carried to the upper part of the harvesting roller 6 and then are removed by the comb plate 3 extending into the middle of the harvesting roller 6, and then the fished objects are pulled out backwards by the rotating soil-pulling roller 4 to enter a rear lifting net chain.

It is to be understood that the present invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, and that various changes in the features and embodiments, or equivalent substitutions may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. The harvesting device is characterized by comprising a rack (1), wherein a harvesting roller (6), a comb plate (3), a soil shifting roller (4), a flow guide cover plate (2) and a gearbox assembly (5) are sequentially arranged on the rack (1) from bottom to top, the harvesting roller (6) comprises a plurality of soil shifting plates (9), the plurality of soil shifting plates (9) are sleeved on a main shaft assembly (8) at equal intervals, and screened fruit grain roots and stems are fished from bottom to top in a counter-milling mode;

the comb plate (3) comprises a plurality of comb teeth (15) matched with the soil lifting plate (9), the soil shifting roller (4) is positioned above the comb plate (3), the harvesting roller (6) and the soil shifting roller (4) are both connected with the gearbox assembly (5), and the soil shifting roller (4) and the harvesting roller (6) rotate in opposite directions and are matched with each other;

the flow guide plate (2) is arranged in front of the catch roll (6).

2. The harvesting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said soil-lifting plates (9) are mounted on the main shaft assembly (8) in a spiral arrangement and separated by spacers (10);

and a power input end spline of the main shaft assembly (8) is fixedly provided with a harvesting roller chain wheel (14), and the harvesting roller chain wheel (14) is connected with the gearbox assembly (5) through a chain.

3. The harvesting device according to claim 2, wherein a stop washer and a round nut (11) are disposed at one end of the shaft of the main shaft assembly (8), a bearing (12) and a bearing box (13) are respectively sleeved at two ends of the main shaft assembly (8), and the left and right bearing boxes (13) are fixedly mounted on left and right side plates of the frame (1) through bolts.

4. A harvesting apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the main shaft assembly (8) is formed by welding stub shafts at both ends of a square tube; the soil lifting plate (9) is a plate-shaped object with a square hole in the middle and multiple teeth distributed on the outer circumference at equal intervals.

5. A harvesting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the comb plate (3) comprises comb teeth (15), a plurality of comb teeth (15) are welded on a vertical plate (16) at equal intervals, and connecting plates (17) are welded at two ends of the vertical plate (16); the connecting plate (17) is fixedly arranged on the rack (1);

the space between the comb teeth (15) is consistent with the space between the soil lifting plates (9), the comb teeth (15) correspondingly extend into the space between the soil lifting plates (9) and are positioned at the upper part of the main shaft assembly (8), and the front ends of the comb teeth (15) are pressed on the spacer bush (10).

6. A harvesting apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the soil-shifting roller (4) comprises a soil-shifting roller shaft assembly (18), a soil-shifting teeth row (19) and a soil-shifting roller sprocket (23); the soil shifting tooth row (19) is detachably arranged on the soil shifting roller shaft assembly (18), a soil shifting roller chain wheel (23) is sleeved at one end of the soil shifting roller shaft assembly (18), and the soil shifting roller chain wheel (23) is connected with the gearbox assembly (5) through a chain;

the soil-shifting tooth row (19) is a long strip plate with a plurality of equidistant grids.

7. The harvesting device according to claim 1, wherein the frame (1) is formed by assembling and welding longitudinal beams, cross beams, upright columns, left and right side plates to form a frame structure, the left and right side plates are provided with a plurality of groups of connecting holes, and one side of the top of the frame (1) is fixedly provided with a gearbox assembly (5).

8. A harvesting apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that an upper cantilever oblique beam and an upper cantilever fork plate are welded in the middle of the rear beam of the machine frame (1); two groups of front suspension fork plates are welded on a front beam of the rack (1);

each fork plate is provided with an upper group of upper through holes and a lower group of lower through holes, a long pin shaft (34) penetrates through each lower through hole, a through hole is formed in the exposed cantilever of each long pin shaft (34), each through hole is sleeved with one end of a suspender (7), a pressure spring (35) is sleeved outside each suspender (7), and the upper end of each pressure spring (35) is pressed on each long pin shaft (34);

the other end of the suspender (7) is rotatably connected with the flow guide cover plate (2).

9. The harvesting device according to claim 8, wherein the back of the deflector plate (2) is arc-shaped, the lower frame is folded into a triangular or elliptical cavity, round tubes are welded at two ends of the upper edge and matched with two groups of welded tubes on the frame (1), and pin shafts are inserted to form hinges;

the back of the flow guide cover plate (2) is provided with arc-shaped reinforcing ribs, the middle two groups of reinforcing ribs are paired, round through holes are formed in the arc-shaped reinforcing ribs, pin shafts are arranged in the round through holes, and hanging rods (7) are sleeved on the pin shafts.

10. A harvesting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the gearbox assembly (5) comprises a housing (24), in which housing (24) an input bevel gear shaft (25), an output gear shaft I (29) and an output gear shaft II (33) are arranged;

an input bevel gear (26) is fixedly mounted on the input bevel gear shaft (25), the input bevel gear (26) is meshed with an output bevel gear (27), and the output bevel gear (27) is fixedly mounted at the inner end of an output gear shaft I (29); an output straight gear I (28) is fixedly arranged on the output gear shaft I (29), the output straight gear I (28) and the output straight gear II (32) are mutually meshed in the box body (24), and the output straight gear II (32) is fixedly arranged on an output gear shaft II (33);

the outer end of the output gear shaft I (29) is fixedly connected with an output chain wheel I (30), the outer end of the output gear shaft II (33) is fixedly connected with an output chain wheel II31, and the output chain wheel II (31) and the output chain wheel I (30) are positioned on the same side;

the output chain wheel I (30) is connected with a harvesting roller chain wheel (14) fixedly arranged at the shaft end of the harvesting roller (6) through a chain, and the output chain wheel II (31) is connected with a soil shifting roller chain wheel (23) fixedly arranged at the shaft end of the soil shifting roller (4) through a chain.