CN111480536A - Cultivation method for increasing yield of young Chinese cabbage - Google Patents
Cultivation method for increasing yield of young Chinese cabbage Download PDFInfo
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- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving yield of Chinese cabbage stems. The invention comprises the following steps: (1) floating seedling raising; (2) managing in a seedling stage; (3) land preparation, fertilization and transplantation; (4) regulating and controlling growth; (5) dressing nutrient solution fertilizer; (6) and (6) harvesting in time. The invention improves the seedling raising method, simultaneously comprehensively utilizes the nutrition balance principle, and combines the application of the growth conditioning solution with a special formula, thereby effectively promoting the metabolism of carbohydrates in plants, obviously improving the growth vigor of the Chinese cabbage bolts, promoting the nutrient accumulation in the growth process of the plants and further improving the yield of the Chinese cabbage bolts. By combining the cultivation technical method, the invention can improve the yield of the Chinese cabbage stalks by 25-29 percent and increase the yield by about 27 percent on average. Meanwhile, the method has the characteristics of easily obtained materials and simple and convenient operation, the yield of the flowering Chinese cabbage is high, and the economic benefit is particularly obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving yield of Chinese cabbage stems.
Background
The brassica alba is a variety in brassica pekinensis subspecies, is mainly eaten by brassica alba, is highly favored by consumers due to unique flavor, and is one of important vegetable varieties in winter and spring. Chinese cabbage shoots have been developed as commodity vegetables for decades, the cultivation area increases year by year, and particularly, the development is fast in Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Jiangxi and the like. One area in the Yangtze river basin, the Chinese cabbage shoots are generally sown in ten days of 9 months, and are listed from 11 months to 3 months in the next year, and the yield per mu is about 1750 and 2000 kg.
With the expansion of consumer demands, scientific research and breeding units cultivate a batch of high-quality Chinese cabbage bolting varieties, such as the 'Tiancheng early bolting one' white cabbage bolting cultivated by the vegetable scientific research institute in Changde, Hunan province, the varieties pass the registration of the crop variety approval committee of Hunan province (registration number: XPD017-2016), and the method has the advantages of early bolting, good quality, high yield and the like, and the average yield per mu can reach about 2000 kg. However, under the conventional cultivation mode, the improvement range of the yield of the fresh bolting is limited, and the requirements of consumers cannot be met, so that the overall economic benefit is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for improving the yield of the Chinese cabbage shoots, which can remarkably promote the growth of the Chinese cabbage shoots by improving a seedling method, physiological regulation and control and fertilizer and water management, so that the cultivated Chinese cabbage shoots are thick and strong in stalks and more in bolting, and the yield is further improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for improving yield of Chinese cabbage stems comprises the following steps:
(1) floating seedling culture: sowing in late 7 to 10 months, adding nutrient solution fertilizer into a seedling raising pool, filling seedling raising substrates after sterilizing a seedling raising tray, scraping the tray surface, sowing 1 seed in each hole, and then putting the seedling raising tray into a floating pool; the seedling raising matrix comprises peat, rice hull ash, perlite and vegetable cake, and is prepared by fully and uniformly mixing the peat, the rice hull ash, the perlite and the vegetable cake according to the volume ratio of 4-6:2-4:0.5-1: 0.5-2;
(2) the seedling stage management comprises the steps of spraying 1 time of growth conditioning liquid after the seedlings reach 2-3 leaves, taking out a seedling tray when 3-4 true leaves are reached, and transplanting the seedling tray to a field, wherein the growth conditioning liquid is prepared by mixing 100-300 Mg/L Zn, 50-150 Mg/L Mg, 50-150 Mg/L amino acid, 80-300 Mg/L amino acid and 60-200 Mg/L paclobutrazol;
(3) land preparation, fertilization and transplantation: selecting field blocks with deep soil layers and fertile soil, applying 500kg of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and 1200kg of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer per mu, deeply ploughing uniformly, ditching for making beds, and fixedly planting Chinese cabbage seedling in a field; the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises a biological organic fertilizer, a compound fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, and is formed by mixing the components according to the weight ratio of 7-9:0.6-2.2: 0.4-0.8;
(4) growth regulation: after the seedlings of the white flowering Chinese cabbage are transplanted for 5-10 days, spraying the growth conditioning solution on leaf surfaces for 2-5 times at intervals of 5-15 days;
(5) dressing a nutrient solution fertilizer: after 5-10 days of transplanting, drip irrigation and topdressing the nutrient solution fertilizer, and applying the fertilizer once every 7-10 days;
(6) harvesting in time: when the height of the bolt is 20-30cm, collecting main bolt at 5-7 leaf nodes of plant base, collecting side bolt while leaving 3-5 leaves at the base, collecting sun bolt while leaving 1-2 leaves at the base, and cutting the bolt from the base.
Further, the nutrient indexes of the nutrient solution fertilizer in the step (1) and the step (5) are as follows: 20% of total nitrogen, 20% of water-soluble phosphorus, 20% of water-soluble potassium, 0.09% of zinc, 0.01% of manganese, 0.05% of copper, 0.03% of iron, 0.05% of boron and 0.03% of molybdenum.
Further, after the nutrient solution fertilizer is added into the seedling raising pool, the conductivity of the pool water is 1.0-3.0 ms/cm.
Further, the nutrient content of the bio-organic fertilizer is N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 7 percent, and organic matter is more than or equal to 55 percent.
Furthermore, the nutrient content of the compound fertilizer is N more than or equal to 30 percent and K2O≥5％。
Further, the nutrient content of the calcium superphosphate is P2O5≥16％。
Further, the ditching and ridging in the step (3) specifically comprises the following steps: half-height ridge cultivation is adopted, the ridge width is 1.5-2m, the furrow depth is 20-25cm, and each ridge has 4-6 rows.
Further, the planting density of the brassica chinensis in the step (3) is 30-60cm, and the row spacing is 30-50 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention improves the seedling raising method, uses the self-prepared seedling raising substrate with a special formula in floating seedling raising, takes peat rich in organic matters and humus as a main material, and has good nutrition, water absorption and air permeability; the rice hull ash can neutralize soil acidity, reduce disease occurrence, and simultaneously contains various mineral elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and the like, so as to promote photosynthesis; the rapeseed cake contains a large amount of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the phosphorus content of the seedling culture substrate can be further increased by combining with a phosphate fertilizer, and phosphorus can promote the metabolism of carbohydrates in plants and improve the content of soluble sugar in the plants.
Meanwhile, the nutrient solution fertilizer rich in medium and trace elements is used in seedling raising and top dressing by comprehensively applying the nutrient balance principle, the field base fertilizer adopts a self-developed organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the field base fertilizer comprises a bio-organic fertilizer prepared from various organic matters, biological bacteria and the like, and also comprises a compound fertilizer mainly containing nitrate nitrogen and a mineral fertilizer calcium superphosphate, the compound fertilizer is prepared by compounding according to a certain proportion, and the nutrient solution fertilizer combines a quick-acting fertilizer and a slow-release fertilizer, has sufficient nutrients and lasting fertilizer efficiency, and can meet the requirement of the Chinese cabbage sprout on nutrient elements in the whole cultivation period.
The growth conditioning liquid is applied in combination with a special formula, wherein the growth conditioning liquid contains amino acid, trace element zinc, boron and magnesium and plant growth regulator paclobutrazol, compared with the conventional zinc-boron-magnesium fertilizer, the compound amino acid chelated zinc, the compound amino acid chelated boron and the amino acid chelated magnesium are easy to be absorbed by the Chinese cabbage stalks, the amino acid can quickly supplement nutrition for crops, stimulate growth, improve growth vigor, improve quality and yield, the trace element can increase the formation of chlorophyll, enhance photosynthesis and improve the stress resistance of the crops. The nutrient required by the growth and development of the plants is ensured, and the nutrient accumulation in the growth process of the plants is stimulated, so that the yield of the Chinese cabbage bolts is improved. By combining the cultivation technical method, the invention can improve the yield of the Chinese cabbage stalks by 25-29 percent and increase the yield by about 27 percent on average. Meanwhile, the method has the characteristics of easily obtained materials and simple and convenient operation, the yield of the flowering Chinese cabbage is high, the economic benefit is particularly obvious, and the market application prospect is very wide.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Materials used in the following examples were all available from conventional sources, and the nutrient solution fertilizer was a yellow-bo-one water-soluble compound fertilizer produced by Chaoyang rapu crop nutrition ltd; the seedling raising plate is a foam plate with 98-200 holes; the compound amino acid chelated zinc, the compound amino acid chelated boron and the amino acid chelated magnesium in the growth conditioning liquid are produced by Kyowa Gumei microelement Limited company, and the paclobutrazol is produced by Sichuan Guanguang agricultural chemical company Limited; the biological organic fertilizer in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is 'Zhongyi' biological organic fertilizer produced by Zhonghuabao biotechnology limited in Hunan province, the compound fertilizer is 'Yanfeng' compound fertilizer produced by Yangfeng fertilizer industry limited in Hubei province, and the calcium superphosphate is produced by Shimen Yuyehuafei fertilizer limited in Hunan province; the cultivar "Tiancheng early bolting No. 1" is produced by vegetable research institute of agriculture and forestry science research institute, Changde, Hunan province.
Example 1
A cultivation method for improving yield of Chinese cabbage stems comprises the following steps:
(1) floating seedling culture: sowing in late 7 th to late 10 th of month, adding nutrient solution fertilizer into the nursery pond, wherein the nutrient indexes are as follows: 20% of total nitrogen, 20% of water-soluble phosphorus, 20% of water-soluble potassium, 0.09% of zinc, 0.01% of manganese, 0.05% of copper, 0.03% of iron, 0.05% of boron and 0.03% of molybdenum, wherein the conductivity of the pool water is kept at 1.0-3.0 ms/cm; sterilizing the seedling-raising tray, filling seedling-raising substrate, scraping the tray surface, sowing 1 seed in each hole, and then placing the seedling-raising tray into a floating pond; the seedling raising matrix comprises peat, rice hull ash, perlite and vegetable cake, and is prepared by fully and uniformly mixing the peat, the rice hull ash, the perlite and the vegetable cake according to the volume ratio of 6:3:0.5: 0.5;
(2) the seedling management comprises the steps of spraying 1 time of growth conditioning liquid after the seedlings reach 2-3 leaves, taking out a seedling tray when 3-4 true leaves are reached, and transplanting the seedling tray to a field, wherein the growth conditioning liquid is prepared by mixing 200 Mg/L of Zn, 50 Mg/L of B, 150 Mg/L of Mg, 120 Mg/L of amino acid and 120 Mg/L of paclobutrazol;
(3) land preparation, fertilization and transplantation: selecting field blocks with thick soil layers and fertile soil, applying 500kg of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer to each mu of field blocks, deeply ploughing and uniformly raking, ditching and making beds, adopting half-height bed cultivation, wherein the width of each bed is 1.5-2m, the depth of each ditch is 20-25cm, and each bed is 4-6 rows, and planting young Chinese cabbage seedlings in a field with the planting density of 30cm and the row spacing of 50 cm; the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises a biological organic fertilizer (N + P)2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 7 percent, organic matter is more than or equal to 55 percent), compound fertilizer (N is more than or equal to 30 percent, K is2O is more than or equal to 5 percent) and calcium superphosphate (P)2O5Not less than 16 percent) and is mixed according to the weight ratio of 7:2.2: 0.8;
(4) growth regulation: after the seedlings of the white flowering Chinese cabbage are transplanted for 5 days, spraying the growth conditioning solution on leaf surfaces, continuously spraying for 2 times, and performing an interval period of 15 days;
(5) dressing a nutrient solution fertilizer: after 10 days of transplanting, the nutrient solution fertilizer is applied by drip irrigation once every 7 days;
(6) harvesting in time: when the height of the bolt is 20-30cm, collecting main bolt at 5-7 leaf nodes of plant base, collecting side bolt while leaving 3-5 leaves at the base, collecting sun bolt while leaving 1-2 leaves at the base, and cutting the bolt from the base.
Example 2
A cultivation method for improving yield of Chinese cabbage stems comprises the following steps:
(1) floating seedling culture: sowing in late 7 th to late 10 th of month, adding nutrient solution fertilizer into the nursery pond, wherein the nutrient indexes are as follows: 20% of total nitrogen, 20% of water-soluble phosphorus, 20% of water-soluble potassium, 0.09% of zinc, 0.01% of manganese, 0.05% of copper, 0.03% of iron, 0.05% of boron and 0.03% of molybdenum, wherein the conductivity of the pool water is kept at 1.0-3.0 ms/cm; sterilizing the seedling-raising tray, filling seedling-raising substrate, scraping the tray surface, sowing 1 seed in each hole, and then placing the seedling-raising tray into a floating pond; the seedling raising matrix comprises peat, rice hull ash, perlite and vegetable cake, and is prepared by fully and uniformly mixing the peat, the rice hull ash, the perlite and the vegetable cake according to the volume ratio of 4:4:1: 1;
(2) the seedling management comprises the steps of spraying 1 time of growth conditioning liquid after the seedlings reach 2-3 leaves, taking out a seedling tray when 3-4 true leaves are reached, and transplanting the seedling tray to a field, wherein the growth conditioning liquid is prepared by mixing 100 Mg/L of Zn, 100 Mg/L of B, 100 Mg/L of Mg, 300 Mg/L of amino acid and 60 Mg/L of paclobutrazol;
(3) land preparation, fertilization and transplantation: selecting field blocks with thick soil layers and fertile soil, applying 800kg of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer to each mu of field blocks, deeply ploughing and uniformly raking, ditching and making beds, adopting half-height bed cultivation, wherein the width of each bed is 1.5-2m, the depth of each ditch is 20-25cm, and each bed is 4-6 rows, and planting young Chinese cabbage seedlings in a field with the planting density of 45cm and the row spacing of 40 cm; the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises a biological organic fertilizer (N + P)2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 7 percent, organic matter is more than or equal to 55 percent), compound fertilizer (N is more than or equal to 30 percent, K is2O is more than or equal to 5 percent) and calcium superphosphate (P)2O5Not less than 16 percent) and is mixed according to the weight ratio of 8:1.4: 0.6;
(4) growth regulation: after the seedlings of the white flowering Chinese cabbage are transplanted for 7 days, spraying the growth conditioning solution on leaf surfaces for 3 times continuously, wherein the interval period is 10 days;
(5) dressing a nutrient solution fertilizer: after 7 days of transplanting, the nutrient solution fertilizer is applied by drip irrigation once every 10 days;
(6) harvesting in time: when the height of the bolt is 20-30cm, collecting main bolt at 5-7 leaf nodes of plant base, collecting side bolt while leaving 3-5 leaves at the base, collecting sun bolt while leaving 1-2 leaves at the base, and cutting the bolt from the base.
Example 3
A cultivation method for improving yield of Chinese cabbage stems comprises the following steps:
(1) floating seedling culture: sowing in late 7 th to late 10 th of month, adding nutrient solution fertilizer into the nursery pond, wherein the nutrient indexes are as follows: 20% of total nitrogen, 20% of water-soluble phosphorus, 20% of water-soluble potassium, 0.09% of zinc, 0.01% of manganese, 0.05% of copper, 0.03% of iron, 0.05% of boron and 0.03% of molybdenum, wherein the conductivity of the pool water is kept at 1.0-3.0 ms/cm; sterilizing the seedling-raising tray, filling seedling-raising substrate, scraping the tray surface, sowing 1 seed in each hole, and then placing the seedling-raising tray into a floating pond; the seedling raising matrix comprises peat, rice hull ash, perlite and vegetable cake, and is prepared by fully and uniformly mixing the peat, the rice hull ash, the perlite and the vegetable cake according to the volume ratio of 5:2:1: 2;
(2) the seedling management comprises the steps of spraying 1 time of growth conditioning liquid after the seedlings reach 2-3 leaves, taking out a seedling tray when 3-4 true leaves are reached, and transplanting the seedling tray to a field, wherein the growth conditioning liquid is prepared by mixing 300 Mg/L of Zn, 150 Mg/L of B, 50 Mg/L of Mg, 80 Mg/L of amino acid and 200 Mg/L of paclobutrazol;
(3) land preparation, fertilization and transplantation: selecting field blocks with deep soil layers and fertile soil, applying 1200kg of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer to each mu of field blocks, deeply ploughing and uniformly raking, ditching and making beds, adopting half-height bed cultivation, wherein the width of each bed is 1.5-2m, the depth of each ditch is 20-25cm, and each bed is 4-6 rows, and planting young Chinese cabbage seedlings in a field with the planting density of 60cm and the row spacing of 30 cm; the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises a biological organic fertilizer (N + P)2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 7 percent, organic matter is more than or equal to 55 percent), compound fertilizer (N is more than or equal to 30 percent, K is2O is more than or equal to 5 percent) and calcium superphosphate (P)2O5Not less than 16 percent) and is mixed according to the weight ratio of 9:0.6: 0.4;
(4) growth regulation: after the young seedlings of the Chinese cabbage shoots are transplanted for 10 days, spraying the growth conditioning solution on the leaf surfaces for 5 times continuously, and keeping the interval period for 5 days;
(5) dressing a nutrient solution fertilizer: after 5 days of transplanting, the nutrient solution fertilizer is applied by drip irrigation once every 7 days;
(6) harvesting in time: when the height of the bolt is 20-30cm, collecting main bolt at 5-7 leaf nodes of plant base, collecting side bolt while leaving 3-5 leaves at the base, collecting sun bolt while leaving 1-2 leaves at the base, and cutting the bolt from the base.
Example 4
A cultivation method for improving yield of Chinese cabbage stems comprises the following steps:
(1) floating seedling culture: sowing in late 7 th to late 10 th of month, adding nutrient solution fertilizer into the nursery pond, wherein the nutrient indexes are as follows: 20% of total nitrogen, 20% of water-soluble phosphorus, 20% of water-soluble potassium, 0.09% of zinc, 0.01% of manganese, 0.05% of copper, 0.03% of iron, 0.05% of boron and 0.03% of molybdenum, wherein the conductivity of the pool water is kept at 1.0-3.0 ms/cm; sterilizing the seedling-raising tray, filling seedling-raising substrate, scraping the tray surface, sowing 1 seed in each hole, and then placing the seedling-raising tray into a floating pond; the seedling raising matrix comprises peat, rice hull ash, perlite and vegetable cake, and is prepared by fully and uniformly mixing the peat, the rice hull ash, the perlite and the vegetable cake according to the volume ratio of 4:4:1: 1;
(2) the seedling management comprises the steps of spraying 1 time of growth conditioning liquid after the seedlings reach 2-3 leaves, taking out a seedling tray when 3-4 true leaves are reached, and transplanting the seedling tray to a field, wherein the growth conditioning liquid is prepared by mixing 150 Mg/L of Zn, 150 Mg/L of B, 100 Mg/L of Mg, 160 Mg/L of amino acid and 150 Mg/L of paclobutrazol;
(3) land preparation, fertilization and transplantation: selecting field blocks with thick soil layers and fertile soil, applying 1000kg of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer to each mu of field blocks, deeply ploughing and uniformly raking, ditching and making beds, adopting half-height bed cultivation, wherein the width of each bed is 1.5-2m, the depth of each ditch is 20-25cm, and each bed is 4-6 rows, and planting young Chinese cabbage seedlings in a field with the planting density of 30cm and the row spacing of 50 cm; the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises a biological organic fertilizer (N + P)2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 7 percent, organic matter is more than or equal to 55 percent), compound fertilizer (N is more than or equal to 30 percent, K is2O is more than or equal to 5 percent) and calcium superphosphate (P)2O5Not less than 16 percent) and is mixed according to the weight ratio of 7.5:2: 0.5;
(4) growth regulation: after the seedlings of the white flowering Chinese cabbage are transplanted for 5 days, spraying the growth conditioning solution on leaf surfaces, continuously spraying for 2 times, and performing an interval period of 15 days;
(5) dressing a nutrient solution fertilizer: after 10 days of transplanting, the nutrient solution fertilizer is applied by drip irrigation once every 7 days;
(6) harvesting in time: when the height of the bolt is 20-30cm, collecting main bolt at 5-7 leaf nodes of plant base, collecting side bolt while leaving 3-5 leaves at the base, collecting sun bolt while leaving 1-2 leaves at the base, and cutting the bolt from the base.
Example 5
A cultivation method for improving yield of Chinese cabbage stems comprises the following steps:
(1) floating seedling culture: sowing in late 7 th to late 10 th of month, adding nutrient solution fertilizer into the nursery pond, wherein the nutrient indexes are as follows: 20% of total nitrogen, 20% of water-soluble phosphorus, 20% of water-soluble potassium, 0.09% of zinc, 0.01% of manganese, 0.05% of copper, 0.03% of iron, 0.05% of boron and 0.03% of molybdenum, wherein the conductivity of the pool water is kept at 1.0-3.0 ms/cm; sterilizing the seedling-raising tray, filling seedling-raising substrate, scraping the tray surface, sowing 1 seed in each hole, and then placing the seedling-raising tray into a floating pond; the seedling raising matrix comprises peat, rice hull ash, perlite and vegetable cake, and is prepared by fully and uniformly mixing the peat, the rice hull ash, the perlite and the vegetable cake according to the volume ratio of 5:2:1: 2;
(2) the seedling management comprises the steps of spraying 1 time of growth conditioning liquid after the seedlings reach 2-3 leaves, taking out a seedling tray when 3-4 true leaves are reached, and transplanting the seedling tray to a field, wherein the growth conditioning liquid is prepared by mixing zinc amino acid chelate, boron amino acid chelate, magnesium amino acid chelate and paclobutrazol, and comprises the following components of 250 Mg/L Zn, 100 Mg/L Mg, 50 Mg/L amino acid, 200 Mg/L amino acid and 180 Mg/L paclobutrazol;
(3) land preparation, fertilization and transplantation: selecting field blocks with thick soil layers and fertile soil, applying 600kg of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer to each mu of field blocks, deeply ploughing and uniformly raking, ditching and making beds, adopting half-height bed cultivation, wherein the width of each bed is 1.5-2m, the depth of each ditch is 20-25cm, and each bed is 4-6 rows, and planting young Chinese cabbage seedlings in a field with planting density of 45cm and 40cm row spacing; the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises a biological organic fertilizer (N + P)2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 7 percent, organic matter is more than or equal to 55 percent), compound fertilizer (N is more than or equal to 30 percent, K is2O is more than or equal to 5 percent) and calcium superphosphate (P)2O5Not less than 16 percent) and is mixed according to the weight ratio of 8.5:1: 0.5;
(4) growth regulation: after the seedlings of the white flowering Chinese cabbage are transplanted for 7 days, spraying the growth conditioning solution on leaf surfaces for 3 times continuously, wherein the interval period is 10 days;
(5) dressing a nutrient solution fertilizer: after 7 days of transplanting, the nutrient solution fertilizer is applied by drip irrigation once every 10 days;
(6) harvesting in time: when the height of the bolt is 20-30cm, collecting main bolt at 5-7 leaf nodes of plant base, collecting side bolt while leaving 3-5 leaves at the base, collecting sun bolt while leaving 1-2 leaves at the base, and cutting the bolt from the base.
Example 6
A cultivation method for improving yield of Chinese cabbage stems comprises the following steps:
(1) floating seedling culture: sowing in late 7 th to late 10 th of month, adding nutrient solution fertilizer into the nursery pond, wherein the nutrient indexes are as follows: 20% of total nitrogen, 20% of water-soluble phosphorus, 20% of water-soluble potassium, 0.09% of zinc, 0.01% of manganese, 0.05% of copper, 0.03% of iron, 0.05% of boron and 0.03% of molybdenum, wherein the conductivity of the pool water is kept at 1.0-3.0 ms/cm; sterilizing the seedling-raising tray, filling seedling-raising substrate, scraping the tray surface, sowing 1 seed in each hole, and then placing the seedling-raising tray into a floating pond; the seedling raising matrix comprises peat, rice hull ash, perlite and vegetable cake, and is prepared by fully and uniformly mixing the peat, the rice hull ash, the perlite and the vegetable cake according to the volume ratio of 6:3:0.5: 0.5;
(2) the seedling management comprises the steps of spraying 1 time of growth conditioning liquid after the seedlings reach 2-3 leaves, taking out a seedling tray when 3-4 true leaves are reached, and transplanting the seedling tray to a field, wherein the growth conditioning liquid is prepared by mixing 200 Mg/L of Zn, 50 Mg/L of B, 150 Mg/L of Mg, 240 Mg/L of amino acid and 100 Mg/L of paclobutrazol;
(3) land preparation, fertilization and transplantation: selecting field blocks with thick soil layers and fertile soil, applying 800kg of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer to each mu of field blocks, deeply ploughing and uniformly raking, ditching and making beds, adopting half-height bed cultivation, wherein the width of each bed is 1.5-2m, the depth of each ditch is 20-25cm, and each bed is 4-6 rows, and planting young Chinese cabbage seedlings in a field with the planting density of 60cm and the row spacing of 30 cm; the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises a biological organic fertilizer (N + P)2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 7 percent, organic matter is more than or equal to 55 percent), compound fertilizer (N is more than or equal to 30 percent, K is2O is more than or equal to 5 percent) and calcium superphosphate (P)2O5Not less than 16 percent) and is mixed according to the weight ratio of 8:1.6: 0.4;
(4) growth regulation: after the young seedlings of the Chinese cabbage shoots are transplanted for 10 days, spraying the growth conditioning solution on the leaf surfaces for 5 times continuously, and keeping the interval period for 5 days;
(5) dressing a nutrient solution fertilizer: after 5 days of transplanting, the nutrient solution fertilizer is applied by drip irrigation once every 7 days;
(6) harvesting in time: when the height of the bolt is 20-30cm, collecting main bolt at 5-7 leaf nodes of plant base, collecting side bolt while leaving 3-5 leaves at the base, collecting sun bolt while leaving 1-2 leaves at the base, and cutting the bolt from the base.
Comparative example 1 is a conventional planting method of Chinese cabbage stalks.
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that a conventional commercially available seedling substrate is used.
Comparative example 3 differs from example 1 in that clear water is applied instead of the growth conditioner.
Comparative example 4 is different from example 1 in that the base fertilizer is applied with only bio-organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 5 is different from example 1 in that a base fertilizer is applied with only a compound fertilizer.
The method of the embodiment 1-3 and the method of the comparative example 1-5 are respectively adopted to plant one-season Chinese cabbage shoots, 10 Chinese cabbage shoots are randomly extracted by each method to be investigated and the botanical characters of the Chinese cabbage shoots are recorded, the yield is counted after harvesting, and the results are respectively shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 comparison of the vegetative characters of Brassica alba under different cultivation methods
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, compared with the conventional cultivation method of comparative example 1, the Chinese cabbage shoots in examples 1-6 using the method of the present invention have stronger growth vigor, stronger growth of the main shoots and the rosette leaves, and higher shoot leaves, wherein the length of the main shoots is averagely increased by 15.84%, the width of the main shoots is averagely increased by 11.11%, the length of the rosette leaves is averagely increased by 6.67%, and the width of the rosette leaves is averagely increased by 8.00%, which indicates that the cultivation method of the present invention can significantly increase the growth vigor of the Chinese cabbage shoots and promote the growth of the Chinese cabbage shoots. The comparative example 2 using the conventional commercial seedling raising substrate, the comparative example 3 applying clear water instead of the growth conditioning liquid, the comparative example 4 applying only the bio-organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer and the comparative example 5 applying only the compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer also have a certain effect of promoting the growth of the Chinese cabbage bolts, but the effect is still poor compared with the example 1.
TABLE 2 comparison of the yield of the Chinese cabbage stalks under different cultivation methods
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, compared with the conventional cultivation method of comparative example 1, the single-plant side shoots of the Chinese cabbage shoots in examples 1-6 adopting the method of the present invention are significantly increased, which is averagely increased by 36.46%, the yield per mu is averagely increased by 579kg, and the average yield is increased by 27.56%, which indicates that the cultivation method of the present invention can effectively promote the metabolism of carbohydrates in plants, enhance the growth potential, and promote the nutrient accumulation in the plant growth process, thereby increasing the yield of the Chinese cabbage shoots. Compared with the comparative example 1, the cultivation method of the comparative examples 2 to 5 also has a certain effect of improving the yield of the Chinese cabbage bolts, wherein the yield increasing effect of the comparative example 2 using the conventional commercial seedling raising substrate and the comparative example 3 using clear water instead of the growth conditioning solution is poor, and the yield increasing effect of the comparative examples 4 and 5 is slightly higher but still lower than that of the example 1.
Claims (8)
1. A cultivation method for improving yield of Chinese cabbage stems is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) floating seedling culture: sowing in late 7 to 10 months, adding nutrient solution fertilizer into a seedling raising pool, filling seedling raising substrates after sterilizing a seedling raising tray, scraping the tray surface, sowing 1 seed in each hole, and then putting the seedling raising tray into a floating pool; the seedling raising matrix comprises peat, rice hull ash, perlite and vegetable cake, and is prepared by fully and uniformly mixing the peat, the rice hull ash, the perlite and the vegetable cake according to the volume ratio of 4-6:2-4:0.5-1: 0.5-2;
(2) the seedling stage management comprises the steps of spraying 1 time of growth conditioning liquid after the seedlings reach 2-3 leaves, taking out a seedling tray when 3-4 true leaves are reached, and transplanting the seedling tray to a field, wherein the growth conditioning liquid is prepared by mixing 100-300 Mg/L Zn, 50-150 Mg/L Mg, 50-150 Mg/L amino acid, 80-300 Mg/L amino acid and 60-200 Mg/L paclobutrazol;
(3) land preparation, fertilization and transplantation: selecting field blocks with deep soil layers and fertile soil, applying 500kg of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and 1200kg of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer per mu, deeply ploughing uniformly, ditching for making beds, and fixedly planting Chinese cabbage seedling in a field; the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises a biological organic fertilizer, a compound fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, and is formed by mixing the components according to the weight ratio of 7-9:0.6-2.2: 0.4-0.8;
(4) growth regulation: after the seedlings of the white flowering Chinese cabbage are transplanted for 5-10 days, spraying the growth conditioning solution on leaf surfaces for 2-5 times at intervals of 5-15 days;
(5) dressing a nutrient solution fertilizer: after 5-10 days of transplanting, drip irrigation and topdressing the nutrient solution fertilizer, and applying the fertilizer once every 7-10 days;
(6) harvesting in time: when the height of the bolt is 20-30cm, collecting main bolt at 5-7 leaf nodes of plant base, collecting side bolt while leaving 3-5 leaves at the base, collecting sun bolt while leaving 1-2 leaves at the base, and cutting the bolt from the base.
2. The cultivation method for increasing the yield of young Chinese cabbage bolts according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient indexes of the nutrient solution fertilizer in the step (1) and the step (5) are as follows: 20% of total nitrogen, 20% of water-soluble phosphorus, 20% of water-soluble potassium, 0.09% of zinc, 0.01% of manganese, 0.05% of copper, 0.03% of iron, 0.05% of boron and 0.03% of molybdenum.
3. The cultivation method for increasing the yield of young Chinese cabbage shoots according to claim 2, wherein after the nutrient solution fertilizer is added into a nursery pond, the conductivity of pond water is 1.0-3.0 ms/cm.
4. The cultivation method for increasing the yield of young Chinese cabbage bolts according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient content of the bio-organic fertilizer in the step (3) is N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 7 percent, and organic matter is more than or equal to 55 percent.
5. A method as claimed in claim 1The cultivation method for improving the yield of the brassica chinensis is characterized in that in the step (3), the nutrient content of the compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 30 percent, and K is2O≥5％。
6. The cultivation method for increasing the yield of young Chinese cabbage according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient content of the calcium superphosphate in the step (3) is P2O5≥16％。
7. The cultivation method for increasing the yield of young Chinese cabbage according to claim 1, wherein the furrowing and ridging in the step (3) is specifically as follows: half-height ridge cultivation is adopted, the ridge width is 1.5-2m, the furrow depth is 20-25cm, and each ridge has 4-6 rows.
8. The cultivation method for improving the yield of young Chinese cabbage shoots according to claim 1, wherein the planting density of young Chinese cabbage shoots in the step (3) is 30-60cm in plant spacing and 30-50cm in row spacing.
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